Citrus peels prevent cancer
TL;DR: The results encourage the use of Citrus peels, which is wasted in huge amounts, as cancer preventive food additives and as anticancer agents, without any conspicuous toxic symptoms.
About: This article is published in Phytomedicine.The article was published on 2017-08-17. It has received 62 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Citrus medica.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of different treatment methods for removing heavy metals from the aquatic environment with a different degree of success has been presented, and the distinctive sorts of treatment strategies for the removal of the toxic metals from wastewater had been explained.
742 citations
TL;DR: Peels from citrus fruits can be used as sources of functional compounds and preservatives for the development of newer food products, that are not only safe but also have health-promoting activities.
240 citations
TL;DR: Dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—are discussed to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
Abstract: Menopause is clinically diagnosed as a condition when a woman has not menstruated for one year. During the menopausal transition period, there is an emergence of various lipid metabolic disorders due to hormonal changes, such as decreased levels of estrogens and increased levels of circulating androgens; these may lead to the development of metabolic syndromes including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the body fat mass, fat-free mass, fatty acid metabolism, and various aspects of energy metabolism, such as basal metabolic ratio, adiposity, and obesity. Moreover, menopause is also associated with alterations in the levels of various lipids circulating in the blood, such as lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TG). Alterations in lipid metabolism and excessive adipose tissue play a key role in the synthesis of excess fatty acids, adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and result in the development of insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and dyslipidemia. This review discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
159 citations
Cites background from "Citrus peels prevent cancer"
...The food sources of monoterpenes are citrus fruit peels and oils [175]....
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TL;DR: Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is a green process that uses water as a solvent for extracting non-polar flavonoids by varying the temperature-dependent dielectric constant as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is a green process that uses water as a solvent for extracting non-polar flavonoids by varying the temperature-dependent dielectric constant. Flavanones, including hesperidin and narirutin, constitute the majority of the flavonoids that occur naturally in citrus fruits. The effects of operating parameters temperature (110 − 150 °C) and water flow rate (10 − 30 mL/min) on the SWE of flavonoids from defatted orange peel (DOP) were studied. The maximum yields of hesperidin (188.74 ± 0.51 mg/g extract) and narirutin (21.98 ± 1.39 mg/g extract) were obtained at 150 °C and 10 mL/min. These yields accounted for approximately 21% of the total amount of these flavanones in the extracts, leading to the purest extracts. SWE was compared with three conventional extraction methods and the results demonstrated that, compared to conventional extractions, SWE is a highly efficient method for the recovery bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity.
112 citations
TL;DR: This paper aims to report the status on the valorization of tropical fruit byproducts within a bio-refinery frame, via the application of traditional methodologies, and with specific attention to the extraction of phenolics and carotenoids as bioactive compounds.
Abstract: Tropical fruits represent one of the most important crops in the world. The continuously growing global market for the main tropical fruits is currently estimated at 84 million tons, of which approximately half is lost or wasted throughout the whole processing chain. Developing novel processes for the conversion of these byproducts into value-added products could provide a viable way to manage this waste problem, aiming at the same time to create a sustainable economic growth within a bio-economy perspective. Given the ever-increasing concern about sustainability, complete valorization through a bio-refinery approach, that is, zero waste concept, as well as the use of green techniques is therefore of utmost importance. This paper aims to report the status on the valorization of tropical fruit byproducts within a bio-refinery frame, via the application of traditional methodologies, and with specific attention to the extraction of phenolics and carotenoids as bioactive compounds. The different types of byproducts, and their content of bioactives is reviewed, with a special emphasis on the lesser-known tropical fruits. Moreover, the bioactivity of the different types of extracts and their possible application as a resource for different sectors (food, pharmaceutical, and environmental sciences) is discussed. Consequently, this review presents the concepts of tropical fruit biorefineries, and the potential applications of the isolated fractions.
63 citations
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01 Dec 2001TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that a compound is identified by a chromatographic peak that has a retention-time in the range of 5589 to 562 min-time.
Abstract: In the Preface to Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy [sic], Robert P. Adams, the author, states that he began research on essential oils in 1966. This may account for the reason that he persistently uses the term mass spectroscopy rather than mass spectrometry (Robert, there are no light bulbs inside those mass spectrometers). Again, as was the case with the second edition, there is no indication that this is a third edition; but, as in the second edition, the author clearly acknowledges this fact in the Preface. This edition has spectra for 1606 compounds. Adams takes some liberty in saying that this is 400 more than the previous edition, which actually had spectra for 1252 compounds. Because the spectra were acquired on an HP 5970 Mass Selective Detector (spectra in the previous editions were acquired using a Finnigan ITD800 internal ionization quadrupole ion trap instrument), the display format of the spectra corresponds to that of the Agilent (formerly Hewlett-Packard) ChemStation mass spectral display rather than the Finnigan ITD-800 (now Thermo Electron). The ChemStation has the ordinate of the spectrum labeled in ion abundance rather than percent abundance or relative percent intensity. One of the curiosities of these spectra is that all exhibit exactly the same maximum abundance. As with the previous edition, each spectrum has a structure showing chirality were appropriate, retention time on a DB-5 column, and Kovat’s index. Details are provided about the GC column and the operating conditions of the GC as well as the sample injected into the GC (volume, split ratio, and the internal standard used for retention time). The only important parameter missing from the operation of the mass spectrometer is the rate at which the data are acquired (the number of spectra per second). Another important factor would be the identification of the ChemStation version used. ChemStation has two very different versions of Autotune, and the only way to distinguish between which version was used is by the ChemStation version number. Adams states that data were acquired after using the instrument’s “Autotune” to set the operating conditions. As was criticized in the review of the second edition, this book has some significant shortcomings in the brief text portion. They go beyond the criticism of calling a mass spectral peak an ion. In the discussion of whether or not mass spectra acquired with a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) and a transmission quadrupole are comparable, the author displays what he says are spectra of 3-methyl4-heptone obtained on both instruments. The spectrum displayed that was reported to have been obtained on the transmission quadrupole is not that of 3-methyl-4heptone but that of 2-methyl-4-heptone. The telltale peak at m/z 58, which is 30% of the intensity of the peak at m/z 57 (the base peak), is the giveaway. This m/z 58 peak is obviously missing in the spectrum obtained with the QIT and is also missing from a spectrum for 3-methyl-4-heptone obtained on a transmission quadrupole that appeared in the second edition. Another area exhibiting a limited understanding of electron ionization mass spectrometry is the comparison of spectra of tricyclene. The author points to the fact that the peak at m/z 77 is 102% of the intensity of the peak at m/z 79 in the spectrum obtained with the QIT, whereas the peak at m/z 77 is 98% of the peak at m/z 79 in the spectrum obtained with the transmission quadrupole. These relative intensity differences are insignificant, especially when the intensity of the peak at m/z 77 relative to the intensity of the base peak is about the same in both spectra ( 40%). More effort could have been put into the proofing of these few pages of text. It is stated that a compound is represented by a chromatographic peak that has a retention-time range of 5.589 to 5.67. Then, in an attempt to show how the recorded retention time is determined using the equation “5.89 min 0.03 min 5.62 min” is presented, it is obvious the “5.89” in the equation should have been “5.589”, but this should have been caught in the proofing stage. The references to journal articles would be more valuable if they included titles, which is now the requirement for the Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. This is especially true for the M. P. Clay reference that cites an unnamed article that appeared in Mass Spec Source, an obscure organ published by Scientific Instrument Services in Ringoes, NJ (http://www.sisweb.com). As was the case with the second edition, the “Appendices” consist of an alphabetical listing of compounds (mostly common names) with their retention times and Kovat’s index on a DB-5 capillary GC column Published online September 28, 2005
3,228 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the functional properties of fiber concentrates from apple and citrus fruit residues, in order to use them as potential fibre sources in the enrichment of foods, was carried out.
675 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of dyes such as congo red, procion orange and rhodamine-B by waste orange peel was examined at different concentrations of dye, adsorbent dosage, agitation time and pH.
585 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported on the extraction of polyphenols especially flavanones from orange peel by using ethanol as a food grade solvent, and the best yield of extraction was reached for a particle size of 2.cm2.
581 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of antiproliferative activity of tangeretin and nobiletin in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 and human colon cancer line HT-29 indicates that they are cytostatic and significantly suppress proliferation by cell cycle arrest without apoptosis.
211 citations