Open Access
Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation
Daniel J. Cziczo,Karl D. Froyd,Karl D. Froyd,Corinna Hoose,Eric J. Jensen,Minghui Diao,Mark A. Zondlo,Jessica B. Smith,Cynthia H. Twohy,Daniel M. Murphy +9 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the composition of the residual particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated was determined in situ, showing that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant sources of residual particles, whereas sulfate and organic particles are underrepresented, and elemental carbon and biological materials are essentially absent.Abstract:
Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined in situ the composition of the residual particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated. Our results demonstrate that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant source of residual particles, whereas sulfate and organic particles are underrepresented, and elemental carbon and biological materials are essentially absent. Further, composition analysis combined with relative humidity measurements suggests that heterogeneous freezing was the dominant formation mechanism of these clouds.read more
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Journal Article
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Stefano Schiavon,Roberto Zecchin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a document, redatto, voted and pubblicato by the Ipcc -Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.
The Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) Experiment: Scientific Basis, New Analysis Tools and Some First Results
TL;DR: The principal hypotheses of a new model of tropical cyclogenesis, known as the marsupial paradigm, were tested in the context of Atlantic tropical disturbances during the National Science Foundation-sponsored Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) experiment in 2010.
The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): A new instrument to investigate ice nucleation
TL;DR: The SPIN is a continuous flow diffusion chamber with parallel plate geometry based on the Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber and the Portable ice nucleation chamber as discussed by the authors, which is a commercially available ice nucleating particle (INP) counter.
Dataset
Dataset associated with ‘The role of phase-separation and related topography in the exceptional ice-nucleating ability of alkali feldspars’
Thomas F. Whale,Mark A. Holden,Alexander N. Kulak,Yi-Yeoun Kim,Fiona C. Meldrum,Hugo K. Christenson,Benjamin J. Murray +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the structure/property relationships of a wide range of feldspars and found that feldspar with certain microtextures, related to phase separation into Na and K-rich regions, show exceptional icenucleating abilities in supercooled water.
Hemispheric comparison of cirrus cloud evolution using in situ measurements in HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations
TL;DR: In this paper, in situ aircraft observations on the ~200 m scale from 87°N to 67°S over North America and the central Pacific Ocean to analyze the hemispheric differences in the evolution of cirrus clouds' horizontal segments (ISSRs) and ice crystal regions (ICRs).
References
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Book Chapter
The Physical Science Basis
E. Jansen,J Overpeck,Keith R. Briffa,J. C. Duplessy,F. Joos,Masson-Delmotte,Daniel Olago,B. Otto-Bliesner,W. R. Peltier,Stefan Rahmstorf,Rengaswamy Ramesh,D Raynud,D Rind,O Solomina,Ricardo Villalba,De Zhang +15 more
Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal Article
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Stefano Schiavon,Roberto Zecchin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a document, redatto, voted and pubblicato by the Ipcc -Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.
Journal ArticleDOI
Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application
Jean-Francois Lamarque,Tami C. Bond,Veronika Eyring,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Angelika Heil,Zbigniew Klimont,David S. Lee,Catherine Liousse,Aude Mieville,Bethan Owen,Martin G. Schultz,Drew Shindell,Steven J. Smith,Elke Stehfest,J. van Aardenne,Owen R. Cooper,Mikiko Kainuma,Natalie M. Mahowald,Joseph R. McConnell,Vaishali Naik,Keywan Riahi,D.P. van Vuuren +23 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a new dataset of gridded emissions covering the historical period (1850-2000) in decadal increments at a horizontal resolution of 0.5° in latitude and longitude.
Journal ArticleDOI
Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions
TL;DR: This work shows from experimental data that the homogeneous nucleation of ice from supercooled aqueous solutions is independent of the nature of the solute, but depends only on the water activity of the solution, and presents a thermodynamic theory for homogeneous ice nucleation, which expresses the nucleation rate coefficient as a function of water activity and pressure.