Classifying the evolutionary and ecological features of neoplasms
Carlo C. Maley,Athena Aktipis,Trevor A. Graham,Andrea Sottoriva,Amy M. Boddy,Michalina Janiszewska,Ariosto S. Silva,Marco Gerlinger,Yinyin Yuan,Kenneth J. Pienta,Karen S. Anderson,Robert A. Gatenby,Charles Swanton,David Posada,Chung I. Wu,Joshua D. Schiffman,E. Shelley Hwang,Kornelia Polyak,Alexander R. A. Anderson,Joel S. Brown,Mel Greaves,Darryl Shibata +21 more
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TLDR
A framework for classifying tumours is proposed that holds promise for enabling clinicians to personalize optimal interventions based on the evolvability of the patient's tumour, and the Evo- and Eco-indices provide a common lexicon for communicating about how neoplasms change in response to interventions.Abstract:
Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic cell determines which changes provide adaptive benefits. There is widespread recognition of the importance of these evolutionary and ecological processes in cancer, but to date, no system has been proposed for drawing clinically relevant distinctions between how different tumours are evolving. On the basis of a consensus conference of experts in the fields of cancer evolution and cancer ecology, we propose a framework for classifying tumours that is based on four relevant components. These are the diversity of neoplastic cells (intratumoural heterogeneity) and changes over time in that diversity, which make up an evolutionary index (Evo-index), as well as the hazards to neoplastic cell survival and the resources available to neoplastic cells, which make up an ecological index (Eco-index). We review evidence demonstrating the importance of each of these factors and describe multiple methods that can be used to measure them. Development of this classification system holds promise for enabling clinicians to personalize optimal interventions based on the evolvability of the patient's tumour. The Evo- and Eco-indices provide a common lexicon for communicating about how neoplasms change in response to interventions, with potential implications for clinical trials, personalized medicine and basic cancer research.read more
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A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts
Erik Sahai,Igor Astsaturov,Edna Cukierman,David G. DeNardo,Mikala Egeblad,Ronald M. Evans,Ronald M. Evans,Douglas T. Fearon,Douglas T. Fearon,Florian R. Greten,Sunil R. Hingorani,Tony Hunter,Richard O. Hynes,Rakesh K. Jain,Tobias Janowitz,Claus Jørgensen,Alec C. Kimmelman,Mikhail G. Kolonin,Robert G. Maki,Robert G. Maki,R. Scott Powers,Ellen Puré,Daniel C. Ramirez,Ruth Scherz-Shouval,Mara H. Sherman,Sheila A. Stewart,Thea D. Tlsty,David A. Tuveson,Fiona M. Watt,Valerie M. Weaver,Ashani T. Weeraratna,Zena Werb +31 more
TL;DR: This Consensus Statement issues a call to action for all cancer researchers to standardize assays and report metadata in studies of cancer-associated fibroblasts to advance the understanding of this important cell type in the tumour microenvironment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Turning foes to friends: targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts
Xueman Chen,Erwei Song +1 more
TL;DR: The progress made to date and the remaining challenges in bringing CAF-targeted therapies to the clinic are highlighted and the relevant translational advances and potential therapeutic strategies that target CAFs for cancer treatment are highlighted.
Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers From Two Phase III Randomized Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials: ECOG 2197 and ECOG 1199
Sylvia Adams,Robert Gray,Sandra Demaria,Lori J. Goldstein,Edith A. Perez,Lawrence N. Shulman,Silvana Martino,Molin Wang,Vicky Jones,Thomas J. Saphner,Antonio C. Wolff,William C. Wood,Nancy E. Davidson,George W. Sledge,Joseph A. Sparano,Sunil Badve +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors validate the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in two adjuvant phase III trials conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG).
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Targeting the tumour stroma to improve cancer therapy
TL;DR: An overview of the advances in understanding the complex cancer cell–tumour stroma interactions is provided and how this knowledge can result in more effective therapeutic strategies, which might ultimately improve patient outcomes are discussed.
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TL;DR: It is shown that hypermutation localized to small genomic regions, ‘kataegis’, is found in many cancer types, and this results reveal the diversity of mutational processes underlying the development of cancer.
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