Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
Scott C. Doney,Mary Ruckelshaus,J. Emmett Duffy,James P. Barry,Francis Chan,Chad A. English,Heather M. Galindo,Jacqueline M. Grebmeier,Anne B. Hollowed,Nancy Knowlton,Jeffrey J. Polovina,Nancy N. Rabalais,William J. Sydeman,Lynne D. Talley +13 more
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TLDR
In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and ocean acidification, with potentially wide-ranging biological effects.Abstract:
In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and ocean acidification, with potentially wideranging biological effects. Population-level shifts are occurring because of physiological intolerance to new environments, altered dispersal patterns, and changes in species interactions. Together with local climate-driven invasion and extinction, these processes result in altered community structure and diversity, including possible emergence of novel ecosystems. Impacts are particularly striking for the poles and the tropics, because of the sensitivity of polar ecosystems to sea-ice retreat and poleward species migrations as well as the sensitivity of coral-algal symbiosis to minor increases in temperature. Midlatitude upwelling systems, like the California Current, exhibit strong linkages between climate and species distributions, phenology, and demography. Aggregated effects may modify energy and material flows as well as biogeochemical cycles, eventually impacting the overall ecosystem functioning and services upon which people and societies depend.read more
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Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome
Shinichi Sunagawa,Luis Pedro Coelho,Samuel Chaffron,Jens Roat Kultima,Karine Labadie,Guillem Salazar,Bardya Djahanschiri,Georg Zeller,Daniel R. Mende,Adriana Alberti,Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo,Paul I. Costea,Corinne Cruaud,Francesco d'Ovidio,Stefan Engelen,Isabel Ferrera,Josep M. Gasol,Lionel Guidi,Falk Hildebrand,Florian Kokoszka,Cyrille Lepoivre,Gipsi Lima-Mendez,Julie Poulain,Bonnie T. Poulos,Marta Royo-Llonch,Hugo Sarmento,Sara Vieira-Silva,Céline Dimier,Marc Picheral,Sarah Searson,Stefanie Kandels-Lewis,Tara Oceans Coordinators,Chris Bowler,Colomban de Vargas,Gabriel Gorsky,Nigel Grimsley,Pascal Hingamp,Daniele Iudicone,Olivier Jaillon,Fabrice Not,Hiroyuki Ogata,Stephane Pesant,Sabrina Speich,Lars Stemmann,Matthew B. Sullivan,Jean Weissenbach,Patrick Wincker,Eric Karsenti,Jeroen Raes,Silvia G. Acinas,Peer Bork +50 more
TL;DR: This work identifies ocean microbial core functionality and reveals that >73% of its abundance is shared with the human gut microbiome despite the physicochemical differences between these two ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global imprint of climate change on marine life
Elvira S. Poloczanska,Christopher J. Brown,Christopher J. Brown,William J. Sydeman,Wolfgang Kiessling,Wolfgang Kiessling,David S. Schoeman,David S. Schoeman,Pippa J. Moore,Pippa J. Moore,Keith Brander,John F. Bruno,Lauren B. Buckley,Michael T. Burrows,Carlos M. Duarte,Carlos M. Duarte,Benjamin S. Halpern,Johnna Holding,Carrie V. Kappel,Mary I. O'Connor,John M. Pandolfi,Camille Parmesan,Camille Parmesan,Franklin B. Schwing,Sarah Ann Thompson,Anthony J. Richardson,Anthony J. Richardson +26 more
TL;DR: This article synthesized all available studies of the consistency of marine ecological observations with expectations under climate change This yielded a meta-database of 1,735 marine biological responses for which either regional or global climate change was considered as a driver.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: projections with CMIP5 models
Laurent Bopp,Laure Resplandy,James C. Orr,Scott C. Doney,John P. Dunne,Marion Gehlen,Paul R. Halloran,Christoph Heinze,Christoph Heinze,Tatiana Ilyina,Roland Séférian,Jerry Tjiputra,Jerry Tjiputra,Marcello Vichi +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the most recent simulations performed in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 to assess how these stressors may evolve over the course of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century
Eric C. J. Oliver,Eric C. J. Oliver,Markus G. Donat,Michael T. Burrows,Pippa J. Moore,Dan A. Smale,Dan A. Smale,Lisa V. Alexander,Jessica A. Benthuysen,Ming Feng,Alex Sen Gupta,Alistair J. Hobday,Neil J. Holbrook,Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick,Hillary A. Scannell,Hillary A. Scannell,Sandra C. Straub,Thomas Wernberg +17 more
TL;DR: Using a range of ocean temperature data including global records of daily satellite observations, daily in situ measurements and gridded monthly in situ-based data sets, this work identifies significant increases in marine heatwaves over the past century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systems integration for global sustainability
Jianguo Liu,Harold A. Mooney,Vanessa Hull,Steven J. Davis,Joanne Gaskell,Thomas W. Hertel,Jane Lubchenco,Karen C. Seto,Peter H. Gleick,Claire Kremen,Shuxin Li +10 more
TL;DR: Systems integration for global sustainability is poised for more rapid development, and transformative changes aimed at connecting disciplinary silos are needed to sustain an increasingly telecoupled world.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial-interglacial cycles.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems
Benjamin S. Halpern,Shaun Walbridge,Kimberly A. Selkoe,Kimberly A. Selkoe,Carrie V. Kappel,Fiorenza Micheli,Caterina D'Agrosa,Caterina D'Agrosa,John F. Bruno,Kenneth S. Casey,Colin M. Ebert,Helen E. Fox,Rod Fujita,Dennis Heinemann,Hunter S. Lenihan,Elizabeth M. P. Madin,Matthew T. Perry,Elizabeth R. Selig,Elizabeth R. Selig,Mark Spalding,Robert S. Steneck,Reg Watson +21 more
TL;DR: This article developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems and found that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers.
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