Clinical and personality traits in emotional disorders: Evidence of a common framework.
01 Aug 2016-Journal of Abnormal Psychology (American Psychological Association)-Vol. 125, Iss: 6, pp 758-767
TL;DR: Data indicate that clinical traits relevant to emotional disorders fit well within the traditional personality framework and offer some unique contributions to the prediction of psychopathology, but it is important to distinguish their effects from negative temperament/neuroticism.
Abstract: Certain clinical traits (e.g., ruminative response style, self-criticism, perfectionism, anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, and thought suppression) increase the risk for and chronicity of emotional disorders. Similar to traditional personality traits, they are considered dispositional and typically show high temporal stability. Because the personality and clinical-traits literatures evolved largely independently, connections between them are not fully understood. We sought to map the interface between a widely studied set of clinical and personality traits. Two samples (N = 385 undergraduates; N = 188 psychiatric outpatients) completed measures of personality traits, clinical traits, and an interview-based assessment of emotional-disorder symptoms. First, the joint factor structure of these traits was examined in each sample. Second, structural equation modeling was used to clarify the effects of clinical traits in the prediction of clinical symptoms beyond negative temperament. Third, the incremental validity of clinical traits beyond a more comprehensive set of higher-order and lower-order personality traits was examined using hierarchical regression. Clinical and personality traits were highly correlated and jointly defined a 3-factor structure-Negative Temperament, Positive Temperament, and Disinhibition-in both samples, with all clinical traits loading on the Negative Temperament factor. Clinical traits showed modest but significant incremental validity in explaining symptoms after accounting for personality traits. These data indicate that clinical traits relevant to emotional disorders fit well within the traditional personality framework and offer some unique contributions to the prediction of psychopathology, but it is important to distinguish their effects from negative temperament/neuroticism. (PsycINFO Database Record
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TL;DR: Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability.
77 citations
TL;DR: How healthy neuroticism and unhealthy neuroticism play out in differing environments and how these concepts can help clarify and explain the important variability in health and longevity that emerges in middle age are examined.
Abstract: Neuroticism and conscientiousness have emerged as key concepts in understanding health and thriving as individuals age, but various conceptual misunderstandings and methodological deficiencies have impaired progress. Personality traits are not analogous to health threats such as infectious microbes or dangerous behaviors or environmental toxins; rather, they can capture biopsychosocial processes across time. This article examines how healthy neuroticism and unhealthy neuroticism play out in differing environments and how these concepts can help clarify and explain the important variability in health and longevity that emerges in middle age. Progress in utilizing personality to improve public health ultimately will depend on the precise study and full specification of causal models, including pathways across time and clear description of unambiguous outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
71 citations
TL;DR: Multidimensional perfectionism includes the dimensions of perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings as discussed by the authors, and many studies have investigated the nomological network of multi-dimensional perfectionism.
Abstract: Multidimensional perfectionism includes the dimensions perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings. Many studies have investigated the nomological network of multidimensional perfectioni...
51 citations
TL;DR: Results from a community sample characterized by high levels of psychopathology indicated that personality and emotion regulation represent strongly related but distinguishable constructs, with both showing incremental power beyond the other in many cases in predicting self-reported and interview-rated psychopathology.
Abstract: Although personality and emotion regulation abilities appear to overlap considerably, few studies have adopted an integrative approach by examining personality and emotion regulation together. Therefore, it is unclear how much incremental power emotion regulation demonstrates in predicting psychopathology beyond personality traits, and vice versa. Results from a community sample characterized by high levels of psychopathology (N = 299) indicated that personality and emotion regulation represent strongly related but distinguishable constructs, with both showing incremental power beyond the other in many cases in predicting self-reported and interview-rated psychopathology. More specifically, difficulties in responding adaptively to negative emotional experiences displayed predictive power beyond neuroticism and other personality traits in predicting internalizing psychopathology and psychoticism. Conversely, neuroticism displayed substantial incremental predictive power beyond emotion regulation and other five-factor model traits, especially for anxiety and other internalizing psychopathology. Other five-factor model traits also showed incremental predictive power in specific cases (e.g., agreeableness and conscientiousness showed specificity in predicting antagonism and disinhibition, respectively). These data provide a starting point for developing a finer-grained understanding of how emotion dysregulation and personality traits are implicated in a range of psychopathology, highlighting the value of adopting an integrative approach of examining emotion regulation and personality traits concurrently. (PsycINFO Database Record
41 citations
Cites background from "Clinical and personality traits in ..."
...Mahaffey et al. (2016) examined the relations between several clinical traits (e.g., perfectionism, fear of negative evaluation, rumination) and neuroticism, finding that these clinical traits (a) defined a common factor with neuroticism indicators and (b) showed modest incremental power beyond…...
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...Given that neuroticism also correlates strongly with depression and anxiety (Kotov et al., 2010; Mahaffey et al., 2016), these findings raise the question as to what extent DERS subscales display these forms of psychopathology....
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...The incremental power of Problematic Responses especially is noteworthy given that other clinical traits (e.g., perfectionism, rumination) have been found to display limited predictive power beyond neuroticism (e.g., Mahaffey et al., 2016)....
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TL;DR: This work provides recommendations for measure selection, data analysis, and participant recruitment when conducting research from a transdiagnostic, dimensional perspective and hopes that these guidelines will facilitate integration among different trans Diagnostic frameworks that have emerged to address limitations of the DSM.
Abstract: Transdiagnostic frameworks such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) offer an exciting future for psychopathology research but may pose measurement and data analytic challenges because historically researchers have often relied on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to guide psychopathology assessment. We address these challenges by providing recommendations for (a) measure selection, (b) data analysis, and (c) participant recruitment when conducting research from a transdiagnostic, dimensional perspective. Examples presented demonstrate how both broad psychopathology spectra and specific symptom dimensions can be assessed efficiently via interview, informant, and self-rated methods. Using these dimensional assessment approaches rather than DSM categories can enhance precision when examining symptom relations for RDoC mechanisms and in treatment contexts. Additionally, alternative strategies to using DSM diagnostic status for participant selection can expedite study recruitment and maximize sample sizes. Thus, incorporating these recommendations can streamline research and improve measurement in many ways. We hope that these guidelines will facilitate integration among different transdiagnostic frameworks that have emerged to address limitations of the DSM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
41 citations
References
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11 Jun 2013
113,134 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the adequacy of the conventional cutoff criteria and several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice were examined, and the results suggest that, for the ML method, a cutoff value close to.95 for TLI, BL89, CFI, RNI, and G...
Abstract: This article examines the adequacy of the “rules of thumb” conventional cutoff criteria and several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice. Using a 2‐index presentation strategy, which includes using the maximum likelihood (ML)‐based standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) and supplementing it with either Tucker‐Lewis Index (TLI), Bollen's (1989) Fit Index (BL89), Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Gamma Hat, McDonald's Centrality Index (Mc), or root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), various combinations of cutoff values from selected ranges of cutoff criteria for the ML‐based SRMR and a given supplemental fit index were used to calculate rejection rates for various types of true‐population and misspecified models; that is, models with misspecified factor covariance(s) and models with misspecified factor loading(s). The results suggest that, for the ML method, a cutoff value close to .95 for TLI, BL89, CFI, RNI, and G...
76,383 citations
"Clinical and personality traits in ..." refers methods in this paper
...Using Hu and Bentler (1999) criteria, fit estimates generally indicated marginally acceptable to poor fit for both the patient and student samples (patients: root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] .09, standardized root-mean-square residual [SRMR] .09, comparative fit index [CFI] .75,…...
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Journal Article•
15,362 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the auteur discute un modele a cinq facteurs de la personnalite qu'il confronte a d'autres systemes de the personNalite and don't les correlats des dimensions sont analyses.
Abstract: L'auteur discute un modele a cinq facteurs de la personnalite qu'il confronte a d'autres systemes de la personnalite et dont les correlats des dimensions sont analyses ainsi que les problemes methodologiques
6,111 citations
"Clinical and personality traits in ..." refers background in this paper
...In parallel to this work, personality psychologists have been developing a consensus, hierarchically organized framework for personality (Digman, 1990; Markon, Krueger, & Watson, 2005)....
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...Such incremental predictive power is consistent with the hierarchical organization of personality, in which lower-order traits share variance that reflects a general factor, but are distinguished from each other by unique variance (Digman, 1990; Markon, Krueger, & Watson, 2005)....
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...…(neuroticism, extraversion, and disinhibition; Eysenck, 1990) can be decomposed into the widely studied Big Five traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness; Digman, 1990), which then can be subdivided into a much larger number of more specific facets....
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...Specifically, the Big Three dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, and disinhibition; Eysenck, 1990) can be decomposed into the widely studied Big Five traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness; Digman, 1990), which then can be subdivided into a much larger number of more specific facets....
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Book•
01 Jan 1960
TL;DR: The third edition of HARMAN's authoritative text as mentioned in this paper incorporates the many new advances made in computer science and technology over the last ten years The author gives full coverage to both theoretical and applied aspects of factor analysis from its foundations through the most advanced techniques This highly readable text will be welcomed by researchers and students working in psychology, statistics, economics and related disciplines
Abstract: This thoroughly revised third edition of Harry H Harman's authoritative text incorporates the many new advances made in computer science and technology over the last ten years The author gives full coverage to both theoretical and applied aspects of factor analysis from its foundations through the most advanced techniques This highly readable text will be welcomed by researchers and students working in psychology, statistics, economics, and related disciplines
5,419 citations