Clinical use of ultrasound biomicroscopy
TL;DR: Clinical ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has shown significant potential as an aid in diagnoses of ocular disease and the ability to define the relationship of the iris, posterior chamber, zonules, ciliary body, and lens is potentially helpful in understanding mechanisms of glaucoma.
About: This article is published in Ophthalmology.The article was published on 1991-03-01. It has received 707 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ultrasound biomicroscopy & Plateau iris.
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TL;DR: In this paper, optical coherence tomography is used for high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of the human retina, including the macula and optic nerve head in normal human subjects.
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate optical coherence tomography for high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of the human retina. Optical coherence tomography is a new imaging technique analogous to ultrasound B scan that can provide cross-sectional images of the retina with micrometer-scale resolution. Design: Survey optical coherence tomographic examination of the retina, including the macula and optic nerve head in normal human subjects. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Convenience sample of normal human subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation of optical coherence retinal tomographs with known normal retinal anatomy. Results: Optical coherence tomographs can discriminate the cross-sectional morphologic features of the fovea and optic disc, the layered structure of the retina, and normal anatomic variations in retinal and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses with 10-??m depth resolution. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography is a potentially useful technique for high depth resolution, cross-sectional examination of the fundus.
1,492 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, optical coherence tomography is used for high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of the human retina, including the macula and optic nerve head in normal human subjects.
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate optical coherence tomography for high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of the human retina. Optical coherence tomography is a new imaging technique analogous to ultrasound B scan that can provide cross-sectional images of the retina with micrometer-scale resolution. Design: Survey optical coherence tomographic examination of the retina, including the macula and optic nerve head in normal human subjects. Settings Research laboratory. Participants: Convenience sample of normal human subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation of optical coherence retinal tomographs with known normal retinal anatomy. Results: Optical coherence tomographs can discriminate the cross-sectional morphologic features of the fovea and optic disc, the layered structure of the retina, and normal anatomic variations in retinal and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses with 10- μm depth resolution. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography is a potentially useful technique for high depth resolution, cross-sectional examination of the fundus.
1,409 citations
TL;DR: Optical coherence tomography is potentially a powerful tool for detecting and monitoring a variety of macular diseases, including macular edema, macular holes, and detachments of the neurosensory retina and pigment epithelium.
1,278 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used for high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of structures in the anterior segment of the human eye in vivo.
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate a new diagnostic technique, optical coherence tomography, for highresolution cross-sectional imaging of structures in the anterior segment of the human eye in vivo. Optical coherence tomography is a new, noninvasive, noncontact optical imaging modality that has spatial resolution superior to that of conventional clinical ultrasonography ( 90 dB). Design: Survey of intraocular structure and dimension measurements. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: Convenience sample. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation with range of accepted normal intraocular structure profiles and dimensions. Results: Direct in vivo measurements with micrometer-scale resolution were performed of corneal thickness and surface profile (including visualization of the corneal epithelium), anterior chamber depth and angle, and iris thickness and surface profile. Dense nuclear cataracts were successfully imaged through their full thickness in a cold cataract model in calf eyes in vitro. Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography has potential as a diagnostic tool for applications in noncontact biometry, anterior chamber angle assessment, identification and monitoring of intraocular masses and tumors, and elucidation of abnormalities of the cornea, iris, and crystalline lens.
958 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Optical coherence tomography has potential as a diagnostic tool for applications in noncontact biometry, anterior chamber angle assessment, identification and monitoring of intraocular masses and tumors, and elucidation of abnormalities of the cornea, iris, and crystalline lens.
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate a new diagnostic technique, optical coherence tomography, for high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of structures in the anterior segment of the human eye in vivo. Optical coherence tomography is a new, noninvasive, noncontact optical imaging modality that has spatial resolution superior to that of conventional clinical ultrasonography ( 90 dB). Design: Survey of intraocular structure and dimension measurements. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: Convenience sample. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation with range of accepted normal intraocular structure profiles and dimensions. Results: Direct in vivo measurements with micrometer-scale resolution were performed of corneal thickness and surface profile (including visualization of the corneal epithelium), anterior chamber depth and angle, and iris thickness and surface profile. Dense nuclear cataracts were successfully imaged through their full thickness in a cold cataract model in calf eyes in vitro. Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography has potential as a diagnostic tool for applications in noncontact biometry, anterior chamber angle assessment, identification and monitoring of intraocular masses and tumors, and elucidation of abnormalities of the cornea, iris, and crystalline lens.
740 citations
References
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TL;DR: The authors have developed a method of obtaining images of cross sections of the intact eye at microscopic resolution and show the feasibility of developing an apparatus to be used in the clinical setting for examining anterior structures of the eye not visible by current techniques.
393 citations
TL;DR: The first ultrasound backscatter micrographs of living biological specimens are presented, demonstrating the internal structures of living tumour spheroids showing striking contrast between the necrotic core and the viable rim of the spheroid.
Abstract: Ultrasound microscopes have the potential for imaging structure at depth in thick specimens, yet this is not possible in biological specimens using conventional ultrasound transmission or reflection methods. But, subsurfacing imaging is possible with ultrasound if a backscatter (pulse-echo) technique, similar to that used in medical imaging, is used. The central problem of extending backscatter imaging to ultrasound microscopy has been the development of high frequency (greater than 100 MHz) transducers with sufficient bandwidth and sensitivity to detect the low levels of backscatter from biological materials. We recently reported the development of such a transducer which we have now incorporated into a new ultrasound backscatter microscope capable of providing tomographic images at depths of up to 4 mm in biological specimens. Here we present the first ultrasound backscatter micrographs of living biological specimens. The benefits of this technique are demonstrated by its application to imaging the internal structures of living tumour spheroids showing striking contrast between the necrotic core and the viable rim of the spheroid.
148 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of backing layers, electrode configuration, transducer surface area and tuning circuits on insertion loss and pulse-echo response of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transducers is investigated.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the construction and operation of a 100 MHz B-mode ultrasound backscatter microscope is described, which is extended into the domain of microscopy allowing the imaging of internal structure in living specimens on a microscopic scale.
72 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, a spherically focused poly(Vinylidene fluoride) transducer was used for backscatter imaging of thin specimens using a quartz flat as a reflector.
Abstract: A scanning ultrasound microscope has been constructed using a spherically focused Poly(Vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) transducer. The system operates in the frequency range 50 MHz to 110 MHz (a consequence of the high bandwidth of PVDF) and has a corresponding lateral resolution limit of 17.5 µm. The system is designed to make two types of image: Attenuation images of thin specimens using a quartz flat as a reflector, and also dark field, backscatter images (C-scans) of cross-sectional planes within specimens up to 4 mm in diameter. A detailed analysis of the properties of PVDF over the frequency range 5 MHz to 170 MHz is presented and the design of a transducer which meets the bandwidth and sensitivity requirements for backscatter imaging is described. Axial resolution of 28 µm is demonstrated while signals from a viable multicell tumour spheroid showed a scatter signal to noise ratio of approximately 40 dB.
26 citations