Co-occurrence of intimate partner violence and child sexual abuse: prevalence, risk factors and related issues
TL;DR: A systematic examination of the scientific literature in several relevant databases was conducted to identify scientific articles, published between 2003 and 2013, that investigated this cooccurrence of intimate partner violence and intrafamilial child sexual abuse.
About: This article is published in Child Abuse & Neglect.The article was published on 2016-05-01. It has received 63 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Child sexual abuse & Sexual abuse.
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TL;DR: It was concluded that an ecological perspective on preventing CSA victimization is necessary and moderators analyses suggested that contact CSA Victimization may be better predicted than noncontact C SA victimization.
Abstract: Experiencing child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major public health problem with serious consequences for CSA victims. For effective assessment and (preventive) intervention, knowledge on risk factors and their effects is crucial. Here, the aim was to synthesize research on associations between (putative) risk factors and CSA victimization. In total, 765 (putative) risk factors were extracted from 72 studies, which were classified into 35 risk domains. A series of three-level meta-analyses produced a significant mean effect for 23 of the 35 risk domains ranging from r = .101 to r = .360. The strongest effects were found for prior victimization of the child and/or its family members, such as prior CSA victimization of the child and/or siblings (r = .360), prior victimization of the child other than child abuse (r = .340), prior or concurrent forms of child abuse in the child's home environment (r = .267), and a parental history of child abuse victimization (r = .265). Other identified risks were related to parental problems (e.g., intimate partner violence, r = .188), parenting problems (e.g., low quality of parent-child relation, r = .292), a non-nuclear family structure (e.g., having a stepfather, r = .118), family problems (e.g., social isolation, r = .191), child problems (e.g., having a mental/physical chronic condition, r = .193), and other child characteristics (e.g., being female, r = .290). Moderator analyses suggested that contact CSA victimization may be better predicted than noncontact CSA victimization. It was concluded that an ecological perspective on preventing CSA victimization is necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
123 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the patriarchal family structure creates an environment that normalizes many forms of violence, simultaneously infantilizing women and reinforcing their subordination (alongside children), and four potential patterns suggest how IPV and VAC not only co-occur, but more profoundly intersect within the family, triggering cycles of emotional and physical abuse.
78 citations
Cites background from "Co-occurrence of intimate partner v..."
...While existing quantitative studies describe the scope of cooccurring IPV and VAC, the underlying patterns of intersecting violence remain poorly understood (Bidarra et al., 2016)....
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...While existing quantitative studies describe the scope of co-occurring IPV and VAC, the underlying patterns of intersecting violence remain poorly understood (Bidarra et al., 2016)....
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...This cycling of violence supports other work conceptualizing family violence as a process rather than an event (Bidarra et al., 2016)....
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...For the most part, the fields of VAW and VAC have evolved in “distinct yet parallel” trajectories with distinct theoretical foundations and little integration in research or practice (Bidarra et al., 2016; Maternowska, Shakel et al. under review)....
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TL;DR: The high co-occurrence rates and strong associations between different types of victimization on different family members warrant the need for the early detection of victims and effective preventions and interventions using a family approach, instead of treating victims from the same family individually.
Abstract: Objective:The aims of this study are to (a) provide reliable estimates of prevalence rates of family polyvictimization by synthesizing the findings from the existing literature, (b) examine the effect sizes of the impact of one type of family victimization on other types of family victimization, and (c) investigate the correlates of family polyvictimization.Method:Databases of literature published on or before April 2018 were searched. A total of 59 publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis for the combined odds ratios (ORs) to estimate the associations among different types of family victimization; 38 of them (99,956 participants) were used for the calculation of the combined prevalence rates of family polyvictimization.Findings:The overall co-occurrence rates of family victimization were 9.7% among the general population and 36.0% among the clinical population. The combined OR of other type(s) of victimization when one was present was 6.01 (p < .001). Longitudinal studies...
50 citations
Cites background from "Co-occurrence of intimate partner v..."
...…on the co-occurrence of IPV and CAN, while no family-oriented approach has been used to examine the co-occurrence of more than two forms of victimization within the same family (Appel & Holden, 1998; Bidarra et al., 2016; Slep & O’Leary, 2001; Wolfe, Crooks, Lee, McIntyre-Smith, & Jaffe, 2003)....
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...…of the effect sizes of the associations between multiple types of family victimization could be Chan et al. 291 of tremendous importance in facilitating the detection and evaluation of the presence of abusive and violent events in a family context (Bidarra et al., 2016; Wolfe et al., 2003)....
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...To the best of our knowledge, current meta-analytic studies and systematic reviews all focus on the co-occurrence of IPV and CAN, while no family-oriented approach has been used to examine the co-occurrence of more than two forms of victimization within the same family (Appel & Holden, 1998; Bidarra et al., 2016; Slep & O’Leary, 2001; Wolfe, Crooks, Lee, McIntyre-Smith, & Jaffe, 2003)....
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...…is a concept that refers to two or more types of victimization rather than repeatedly occurring episodes of one single type of victimization (Bidarra et al., 2016; Turner, 1 Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Corresponding…...
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...of tremendous importance in facilitating the detection and evaluation of the presence of abusive and violent events in a family context (Bidarra et al., 2016; Wolfe et al., 2003)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted an online survey with partnered women (18-65 years) between 22 April and 8 May 2020, when participants had been under lockdown for a month and determined the prevalence of several forms of violence within the previous month using both direct elicitation and a list experiment.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the prevalence and exacerbating factors of violence against women and children in Germany during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a representative online survey with partnered women (18-65 years) between 22 April and 8 May 2020, when participants had been under lockdown for a month. We determined the prevalence of several forms of violence within the previous month using both direct elicitation and a list experiment. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression to assess the impact of pandemic-associated risk factors. Findings: Of our 3818 survey respondents, 118 (3.09%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.54 to 3.64) reported incidents of physical conflict, 293 (7.67%; 95% CI: 6.83 to 8.52) reported emotional abuse, and 97 (6.58%; 95% CI: 5.31 to 7.85) of 1474 respondents with children reported child corporal punishment. We estimated that 3.57% (95% CI: -0.33 to 7.46) had non-consensual intercourse with their partner. Our regression analysis revealed an increased risk of physical conflict with home quarantine (odds ratio, OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.56 to 3.61), financial worries (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.61), poor mental health (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 2.12 to 5.50) and young (< 10 years) children (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.32 to 4.64); we obtained similar results for other forms of violence. Awareness and use of pertinent support services was low. Conclusion: Our findings of an increased risk of domestic violence during the pandemic should prompt policy-makers to improve the safety of women and children. Interventions to alleviate risks factors and extend support services are required.
37 citations
TL;DR: Extraordinary steps have been taken to alleviate the current quick transmission of the Jordanian COVID‐19 pandemic, and the obligatory lock‐down affects their obedience to measures to fight CO VID‐19.
Abstract: Background Extraordinary steps have been taken to alleviate the current quick transmission of the Jordanian COVID-19 pandemic. The obligatory lock-down affect their obedience to measures to fight COVID-19. Aims This research aims to determine the prevalence rate of violence among women in Jordan and identify possible correlates of violence among women during COVID-19 outbreak. Method There was successful recruitment of an online sample of Jordanian people through the network of the researcher with popular Jordanian media. The participants completed a self-created online violence questionnaire. The violence questionnaire had numerous questions about the clinical attributes and COVID-19 prevention. Results The incidence of violence was high during the outbreak 40% and the predictors were found to be unemployed and married. Conclusion Violence continues to be a significant social problem in our society today, yet, continues to be poorly understood. The underlying causes and theories of violence are often not agreed upon by experts in the field. Providing of education programs and essential resources for women that aims to promote the prevention of COVID-19 violence and help Jordanian people to be confident and observe the right behavior.
31 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the social consequences of low self-control in criminal events and individual propensities: age, gender, and race, as well as white-collar crime.
Abstract: Preface Part I. Crime: 1. Classical theory and the idea of crime 2. The nature of crime Part II. Criminality: 3. Biological positivism 4. Psychological, economic, and sociological positivism 5. The nature of criminality: low self-control Part II. Applications of the Theory: 6. Criminal events and individual propensities: age, gender, and race 7. The social consequences of low self-control 8. Culture and crime 9. White-collar crime 10. Organization and crime Part IV. Research and Policy: 11. Research design and measurement 12. Implications for public policy Index.
7,154 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a revised Conflict Tactics Scales (the CTS2) is proposed to measure psychological and physical attacks on a partner in a marital, cohabiting, or dating relationship.
Abstract: This article describes a revised Conflict Tactics Scales (the CTS2) to measure psychological and physical attacks on a partner in a marital, cohabiting, or dating relationship; and also use of negotiation. The CTS2 has (a) additional items to enhance content validity and reliability; (b) revised wording to increase clarity and specificity; (c) better differentiation between minor and severe levels of each scale; (d) new scales to measure sexual coercion and physical injury; and (e) a new format to simplify administration and reduce response sets. Reliability ranges from .79 to .95. There is preliminary evidence of construct validity.
6,142 citations
TL;DR: These findings provide strong initial support for the reliability and validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, indicating that patients' reports of child abuse and neglect based on the ChildhoodTrauma Questionnaires were highly stable, both over time and across type of instruments.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report presents initial findings on the reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. METHOD: Two hundred eighty-six drug- or alcohol-dependent patients were given the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire as part of a larger test battery, and 40 of these patients were given the questionnaire again after an interval of 2 to 6 months. Sixty-eight of the patients were also given a structured interview for child abuse and neglect, the Childhood Trauma Interview, that was developed by the authors. RESULTS: Principal-components analysis of responses on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire yielded four rotated orthogonal factors: physical and emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and physical neglect. Cronbach's alpha for the factors ranged from 0.79 to 0.94, indicating high internal consistency. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire also demonstrated good test-retest reliability over a 2- to 6-month interval (intraclass correlation = 0.88), as well as convergence with the Childhood Trauma Interview, indicating that patients' reports of child abuse and neglect based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were highly stable, both over time and across type of instruments. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide strong initial support for the reliability and validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Language: en
2,889 citations
01 Jan 1995
2,148 citations
TL;DR: A parent-to-child version of the Conflict Tactics Scales, the CTSPC is better suited to measuring child maltreatment than the original CTS and is practical for epidemiological research on child malt treatment and for clinical screening.
2,093 citations