CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions from the combustion of coal with high oxygen concentration gases
TL;DR: In this article, the emissions of CO 2, NO x and SO 2 from the combustion of a high-volatile coal with N 2 - and CO 2 -based, high O 2 concentration (20, 50, 80, 100%) inlet gases were investigated in an electrically heated up-flow-tube furnace at elevated gas temperatures.
About: This article is published in Fuel.The article was published on 2000-12-01. It has received 262 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Combustion & Flue gas.
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of CO2 capture in coal-fired combustion plants can be found in this article, where the status of the technology development and assessments providing comparisons with other power generation options, and suggests research needs.
1,450 citations
TL;DR: A review of the published knowledge on the oxy-fuel process can be found in this paper, focusing particularly on the combustion fundamentals, i.e. flame temperatures and heat transfer, ignition and burnout, emissions, and fly ash characteristics.
1,042 citations
Cites background from "CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions from the..."
...Nagoya [96,160,161] e Quasi-1D EFR 1300 20e100 0....
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...Some researchers experimentally show a decrease when comparing to combustion in air [88,96,97,128,136,138] whereas others on the basis of either experiments [121,113] or equilibrium calculations [149] report no differences....
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...[96] focus on the effect of oxidizer composition, stoichiometry, and flame temperature in their investigations of SO2 emissions in an entrained-flow reactor with a coal feed rate up to 180 g/h....
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...[96] state that this phenomenon is a consequence of the concentration of reducing agents increasing proportionally to the increase in O2 concentration (decreasing recycle ratio)....
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...For O2 concentrations above 50%, reduction by reducing species should play the dominant role and NOx emissions decrease with increasing O2 concentration [96]....
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TL;DR: Oxy-coal combustion has generated significant interest since it was proposed as a carbon capture technology for newly built and retrofitted coal-fired power plants, and numerical models for sub-processes are also used to examine the differences between combustion in an oxidizing stream diluted by nitrogen and carbon dioxide as mentioned in this paper.
866 citations
Cites methods from "CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions from the..."
...SO2 formation As shown in Table 10, SO2 emissions in oxy-coal combustion have been tested at the lab scale [180,181] and pilot scale [22,93,94,162,182,183]....
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...[180] conducted NO emission tests using a lab scale entrained flow reactor and observed that the fuel-N conversion rises with increasing temperatures and O2 concentrations, as well as decreasing equivalence ratio [180,181] in both air-fired and oxy-fired coal combustion....
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01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: A review of the technologies for coal-based power generation closest to commercial application involving carbon capture is presented in this paper, where the R&D challenges identified for the combustion scientist and engineer are those of design, optimisation and operational aspects of new combustion and gasification plant, controlling the gas quality required by CCS related units and associated emission compliance, and gas separations.
Abstract: A review of the technologies for coal-based power generation closest to commercial application involving carbon capture is presented. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) developments are primarily adaptations of conventional combustion systems, with additional unit operations such as bulk oxygen supply, CO2 capture by sorbents, CO2 compression, and storage. They use pulverized coal combustion in entrained flow—the dominant current technology for coal-based power, or gasification in entrained flow, although similar concepts apply to other solid–gas contacting systems such as fluidized beds. Currently, the technologies have similar generation efficiencies and are associated with efficiency penalties and electricity cost increases due to operations required for carbon capture. The R&D challenges identified for the combustion scientist and engineer, with current understanding being detailed, are those of design, optimisation and operational aspects of new combustion and gasification plant, controlling the gas quality required by CCS related units and associated emission compliance, and gas separations. Fundamental research needs include fuel reactions at pressure, and in O2/CO2 atmospheres, as few studies have been made in this area. Laboratory results interpreted and then included in CFD models of combustion operations are necessary. Also identified, but not detailed, are combustion issues in gas turbines for IGCC and IGCC-CCS. Fundamental studies should be a component of pilot-plant and demonstrations at practical scale being planned. Concepts for new designs of combustion equipment are also necessary for the next generation of technologies. The challenges involved with the design and operation of these integrated systems, while supplying electricity on demand, are considerable.
579 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief review of the coal gasification with CO2 as a diluent is presented, where coal rank, pressure, temperature, gas composition, catalyst and the minerals present inside the coal, heating rate, particle size, and diverse reactor types.
451 citations
References
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273 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of stoichiometry and residence time in the fuel-rich zone and effects of temperature were evaluated for air staging with different coals and, in the case of reburning, for different gaseous reburn fuels.
194 citations
TL;DR: The surface nitrogen species were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as pyridinic, pyrrolic or others as discussed by the authors, and it was found that the formation of surface oxygen complexes by the C-O[sub 2] reaction is essential for the carbon-nitric oxide reaction.
Abstract: The carbon-nitric oxide (NO) reaction plays an important role in many processes where the reduction of NO is attempted. In all cases, there is a certain amount of oxygen that significantly increases the rate of C-NO reaction. The objects of this study are to clarify the role of oxygen gas and to elucidate the reaction mechanism by analyzing the surface species. It was found that the formation of surface oxygen complexes by the C-O[sub 2] reaction is essential for the C-NO reaction. In addition to oxygen complexes, a considerable amount of nitrogen was also trapped in the carbon matrix during reaction. In the initial stage of the reaction, the concentration of nitrogen-containing product gas was much lower than expected from the NO consumption. The surface nitrogen species were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as pyridinic, pyrrolic or others. These are rather stable in an inert atmosphere even at 950 C, but they can easily be removed at 600 C in the NO- or O[sub 2]-containing reaction atmosphere.
194 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive and critical review of the mechanisms and kinetics of NO and N2O reduction reaction with coal chars under fluidized-bed combustion conditions (FBC).
131 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the first-order rate law with respect to NO can only approximately describe the kinetic behavior of SCR catalysts and a much better description is possible by taking into consideration the adsorption of both NH 3 and NO.
129 citations