Cobalt(II) Complexes of Creatinine
TL;DR: In this paper, the electronic spectra and magnetic moments suggest a d7 configuration for cobalt: a tetrahedral geometry (4.4 B.M.) for halide and thiocyanate complexes, and an octahedral geometry for the carboxylate complexes.
Abstract: Cobalt(II) complexes of creatinine [Co(creat)2X2] (X = Cl, Br, I or NCS) and [Co(creat)2X2(H2O)2] (X = HCO2, HOCH2CO2 or CNCH2CO2) have been prepared. Their i.r. spectra show an increase in ν(NH) of the cyclic secondary amine group, compared to free ligand (3300 cm−1), indicating that cyclic nitrogen is involved in coordination. The thiocyanate group coordinates through nitrogen and carboxylates coordinate as univalent unidentate ligands. The electronic spectra and magnetic moments suggest a d7 configuration for cobalt: a tetrahedral geometry (4.4 B.M.) for halide and thiocyanate complexes, and an octahedral geometry (5.0 B.M.) for the carboxylate complexes. On heating, the ligand moiety is lost and the respective cobalt halide or cobalt carboxylate is formed, which is converted finally into Co3O4. There is a correlation between the high intensity electronic transitions and the polarographic half-wave potentials.
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TL;DR: In this article, the ability of the important bioligands creatinine and creatine to form various types of complexes with different metal ions is summarized and the crucial role of the nature of the reaction medium in complex formation with these ligands is emphasized.
Abstract: Data on the ability of the important bioligands creatinine and creatine to form various types of complexes with different metal ions are summarized. The crucial role of the nature of the reaction medium in complex formation with these ligands is emphasized. The conditions for obtaining paramagnetic oligomeric platinum complexes of the “platinum blue” type (resulting from multistep redox and coordination processes) are presented.
29 citations
TL;DR: With the simultaneous measurement of creatinine and albumin in urine, the albumin/creatinine ratio can be determined effectively reducing or eliminating the occasional false-negative and false-positive result in those with dilute or concentrated urines, respectively.
Abstract: Objectives: It was our goal to develop a urine dipstick that could measure creatinine with a peroxidase reaction. The simultaneous measurement of albumin and creatinine permits the estimation of the 24-h albumin excretion, an important value in judging existing or likely development of renal failure. A highly sensitive dye-binding dipstick method for albumin exists, and a suitable dipstick for the assay for urine creatinine is described here. Methods: Copper-creatinine and iron-creatinine complexes have peroxidase activity. With 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and diisopropyl benzene dihydroperoxide (DBDH); the peroxidase activity of copper-creatinine and iron-creatinine complexes can be demonstrated. This reaction was used in the assay of urine creatinine either in solution or by a suitably impregnated urine dipstick. Results: Our method based on the peroxidase activity of the copper-creatinine complex has an analytical range for creatinine of 100 mg/L (0.884 mmol/L) to 3000 mg/L (26.52 mmol/L). The creatinine assay is free from most interfering compounds that may be present in urine. Hemoglobin is an interferent, and its effects can be reduced but not eliminated by the addition of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl quinoline. We do not recommend using the dipsticks when visible blood is present or if the dipstick blood test is positive. The copper-creatinine complex oxidizes ascorbic acid; however, we were able to modify the reaction conditions so that ascorbic acid at Discussion: With the simultaneous measurement of creatinine and albumin in urine, the albumin/creatinine ratio can be determined effectively reducing or eliminating the occasional false-negative and false-positive result in those with dilute or concentrated urines, respectively. The dipstick test for these analytes permits the simple identification of individuals with possible albuminuria and could serve well in a point-of-care setting.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the crystal structure of the little compound has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, where the CuII ion is located on a two-fold crystallographic axis in a quasi-tetrahedral coordination.
Abstract: The crystal structure of the little compound has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The CuII ion is located on a two-fold crystallographic axis in a quasi-tetrahedral coordination. The infrared spectrum of the complex was recorded and briefly analyzed in relation to its structural peculiarities. Its electrochemical behaviour was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in methanolic solutions.
21 citations
TL;DR: Spectroscopic and structural study of a newly synthesized heteroligand complex of copper with creatinine and urea has been discussed and the complex is found to be rigid and stable in its monomeric form at very low concentrations.
Abstract: Study of copper complex of creatinine and urea is very important in life science and medicine. In this paper, spectroscopic and structural study of a newly synthesized heteroligand complex of copper with creatinine and urea has been discussed. Structural studies have been carried out using DFT calculations and spectroscopic analyses were carried out by FT-IR, Raman, UV–vis absorption and fluorescence techniques. The copper complex of creatinine and the heteroligand complex were found to have much increased water solubility as compared to pure creatinine. The analysis of FT-IR and Raman spectra helps to understand the coordination properties of the two ligands and to determine the probable structure of the heteroligand complex. The LIBS spectra of the heteroligand complex reveal that the complex is free from other metal impurities. UV–visible absorption spectra and the fluorescence emission spectra of the aqueous solution of Cu–Crn–urea heteroligand complex at different solute concentrations have been analyzed and the complex is found to be rigid and stable in its monomeric form at very low concentrations.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the complex formation between creatinine and Cu(II) was studied by means of electronic, IR and EPR spectroscopy, and spectral data showed the formation of a four-membered chelate with distorted rhombic structure.
Abstract: The complex formation between Cu(II) and creatinine was studied by means of electronic, IR and EPR spectroscopy. The spectral data show the formation of a Cu(II) four-membered chelate with distorted rhombic structure.
19 citations
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