COD removal from synthetic wastewater using pervious concrete

doi:10.1109/ICASEA.2018.8370978

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COD removal from synthetic wastewater using pervious concrete

Proceedings Article•DOI•

COD removal from synthetic wastewater using pervious concrete

Ali J. Jaeel¹, Ghufran Haider Faisal¹•Institutions (1)

University of Wasit¹

01 Mar 2018-

TL;DR: In this article, the water clarification properties of pervious concrete pavements composed with varied sizes of aggregate as well as different thicknesses of pavement were studied, and the results showed that higher removal of COD could be done when using a small size of gravel (10-20mm), pavement thickness 20cm and stimulation bacterial growth by adding the nutrients to the wastewater.

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Abstract: the water clarification properties of pervious concrete pavements composed with varied sizes of aggregate as well as different thicknesses of pavement are studied. Removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand from wastewater by the pervious concrete was inspected. A sets of experiments consisting of concrete compressive strength, chemical oxygen demand concentration in wastewater was done for this aim. The different sizes of gravel involved to the variation in strength improvement of the porous concrete pavement and its decontamination effectiveness. Chemical oxygen demand was considerably lowered through the voids in the pervious concrete by several processes such as filtration, absorption, and biodegradation resulting in an improvement of the COD removal efficiency. The results showed that higher removal of COD could be done when using a small size of gravel (10-20mm), pavement thickness 20cm and stimulation bacterial growth by adding the nutrients to the wastewater.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Laboratory analysis on the surface runoff pollution reduction performance of permeable pavements.

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Liu Jia¹, Hexiang Yan², Ziyuan Liao², Zhang Kui², Arthur R. Schmidt¹, Tao Tao² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign¹, Tongji University²

15 Nov 2019-Science of The Total Environment

TL;DR: A simple mathematical model was developed to predict the overall performance of the permeable pavement system and a good performance was achieved, illustrating its promising application in the design of permeable pavements.

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31 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Stormwater runoff and pollution retention performances of permeable pavements and the effects of structural factors

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Wen Liu¹, Qi Feng¹, Weiping Chen¹, Ravinesh C. Deo¹, Ravinesh C. Deo² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Chinese Academy of Sciences¹, University of Southern Queensland²

30 May 2020-Environmental Science and Pollution Research

TL;DR: There was no statistical significance for the time to runoff and runoff retention between the permeable bricks and porous concretes for the analyzed rainfall events, and higher TSS, TN, and TP pollutant load removals were found from the lower intensity rainfalls.

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Abstract: Permeable pavements, as additive structures that have a good capability for runoff and pollutant reduction, are extensively used for sustainable urban drainage techniques. However, the exact mechanisms of runoff retention and pollutant reduction of a permeable pavement system remain unclear and so, it has become an ongoing issue and motivation for hydrologists and design and structural engineers. In this research paper, a suite of four scale-based runoff plots representing permeable pavements were designed with different permeable surface types and gravel layer thickness treatments, and coupled with simulated rainfall experiments to analyze the impacts of structural factors of permeable pavements on runoff retentions and pollution reduction. The present results showed that the average time to runoff for permeable pavements under low-intensity rainfall scenarios was approximately 78.5 min, while this was shortened to only 51.5 min under high-intensity rainfall scenarios. In terms of the average runoff retention of permeable pavements tested under low- and high-intensity rainfall cases, the results recorded approximately 52.5% and 42.5%, respectively, but runoff retention performances were relatively greater for the case of smaller storms within the scale experiments. Importantly, there was no statistical significance for the time to runoff and runoff retention between the permeable bricks and porous concretes for the analyzed rainfall events. The thicker gravel layers significantly delayed runoff generation and increased runoff retention percentages. Runoff pollutant load reduction rates of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were varied between permeable bricks and porous concretes. Runoff pollutants load reduction rates of TSS, TN, and TP were highly enhanced while the gravel layer thickness increased from 10 to 20 cm. Higher TSS, TN, and TP pollutant load removals were found from the lower intensity rainfalls. These findings could promote understanding of the hydrologic properties of permeable pavements and help design engineers in optimizing their design of permeable pavements for better runoff retention and pollution removal.

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15 citations

Cites background from "COD removal from synthetic wastewat..."

...Stormwater runoff will travel through a longer pathway when the thickness of gravel layer increases, which in turn leads to more absorption and removal process for the runoff pollutants (Jaeel and Faisal 2018)....
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...Stormwater runoff will travel through a longer pathway when the thickness of gravel layer increases, which in turn leads to more absorption and removal process for the runoff pollutants (Jaeel and Faisal 2018)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Municipal Wastewater pretreatment using porous concrete containing fine-grained mineral adsorbents

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Ehsan Teymouri¹, Sayed-Farhad Mousavi¹, Hojat Karami¹, Saeed Farzin¹, Maryam Hosseini Kheirabad² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Semnan University¹, Payame Noor University²

01 Aug 2020-Journal of water process engineering

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of porous concrete (PC) containing mineral adsorbents was investigated to improve the municipal wastewater quality, and three samples from each percentage of fine-grains that had the highest compressive strength were selected for wastewater qualitative tests due to the fact that there was no significant difference between the other two factors.

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Abstract: Municipal and industrial wastewaters are serious threats for surface water and groundwater resources, and this threat can be converted to an opportunity by enhancing their quality, which then can be used for agricultural and landscape purposes. In the present study, the performance of porous concrete (PC) containing mineral adsorbents was investigated to improve the municipal wastewater quality. Firstly, the performance of adding fine grains (2.36–4.75 mm) in different portions (0, 10, and 20 % w/w of coarse aggregates) as well as mineral adsorbents (0.6–1.2 mm), namely zeolite, pumice, perlite, and LECA, in different portions (0, 5, 10 and 15 % w/w of coarse aggregates) on compressive strength, porosity and permeability coefficient of porous concrete was pursued. After evaluating these parameters, three samples from each percentage of fine-grains that had the highest compressive strength were selected for wastewater qualitative tests due to the fact that there was no significant difference between the other two factors. The experimental setup was next to the wastewater treatment plant of Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, which included a 200-L barrel and six canals to perform the quality tests. Six 100 × 100 × 100 mm PC specimens were positioned in each canal, in a zigzag pattern, to slow down the wastewater flow through the specimens. Inlet discharge for each canal was fixed at 0.5 L/min and total test time was 31.2 h. Qualitative parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and turbidity were measured before and after running the experiment. Results revealed that adding fine grains and the adsorbents increased the compressive strength, while they reduced the permeability coefficient and porosity. Also, the specimens containing zeolite and pumice had the highest compressive strength and permeability coefficient, respectively. Furthermore, mineral adsorbents reduced average concentration of TSS, BOD and COD by 40 %, 48 % and 30.5 %, respectively. The only factor that affected average turbidity level (49 NTU) was porosity, and not the mineral adsorbents. Finally, zeolite had the highest physical characteristics as well as high pollutant-reduction potential. However, it is recommended to perform further tests on different porous concrete mixtures and other adsorbents.

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13 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Use of ultraviolet and ultraviolet /peroxide hydrogen processes for degradation of humic substances from aqueous solutions

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Mohamadreza Massoudinejad, Sohrab Golmohammadi, Mansour Ghaderpoori

25 Dec 2016-Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of humic acid was studied using advanced photochemical oxidation by exposing Humic acid aqueous solution with low-pressure mercury vapor lamp as a UV light source after the addition of hydrogen peroxide.

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2 citations

Cites background from "COD removal from synthetic wastewat..."

...At excessive amounts of H2O2, it acts as a scavenger of •OH to produce perhydroxyl radical (HO2 •) (Yazdanbakhsh et al. 2014), which might be due to three reasons: 1-...
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...Therefore, it can be concluded that adding H2O2 to the solution subjected to UV radiation could result in the generation of •OH radicals by the photolysis of H2O2 molecules (Sheikhmohammadi et al. 2013; Yazdanbakhsh et al. 2014); consequently, these radicals oxidized HA molecules....
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...In such cases, removing the majority of organic materials by other methods prior to oxidation treatment leads to decreased UV absorbance and improved NOM mineralization (Zepp et al. 2007; Vilhunen et al. 2010; Hui et al, 2011; Bazri et al. 2012; Hiroshi et al. 2013 and Yazdanbakhsh et al. 2014)....
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...It is interesting to fi nd that, with increasing H2O2 concentration up to 50 Mmol L-1, the degradation rate of HA was decreased, since with increasing H2O2 from 50 to 100 Mmol L -1, removal effi ciency decreased from 70% to 56% at 30 min, which might be due to three reasons: 1- At excessive amounts of H2O2, it acts as a scavenger of •OH to produce perhydroxyl radical (HO2 •) (Yazdanbakhsh et al. 2014), which might be due to three reasons: 1- At excessive amounts of H2O2, it acts as a scavenger of •OH to produce perhydroxyl radical (HO2 •) (Yazdanbakhsh et al....
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...Therefore, it can be concluded that adding H2O2 to the solution subjected to UV radiation could result in the generation of •OH radicals by the photolysis of H2O2 molecules (Sheikhmohammadi et al. 2013; Yazdanbakhsh et al. 2014); consequently, these radicals oxidized HA molecules....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Mechanical behaviour of adsorbent pervious concrete using iron slag and zeolite as coarse aggregates

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Ehsan Teymouri, Kwong Soon Wong, Yee Yong Tan, Nur Irfah Mohd Pauzi

01 Jul 2023-Construction and Building Materials

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the engineering properties of adhesives to widen the potential of its further utilization as a post-treatment step in refinery and wastewater treatment plants, and showed that replacing coarse aggregate with iron slag increased the APC's strength, and the maximum value of compressive strength (16.80 MPa) occurred at 75% of replacement.

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1 citations

References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Review of permeable pavement systems

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Miklas Scholz¹, Piotr Grabowiecki¹•Institutions (1)

University of Edinburgh¹

01 Nov 2007-Building and Environment

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature on predominantly permeable pavement systems (PPSs) is presented, highlighting current trends in research and industry, and recommending future areas of research and development.

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506 citations

"COD removal from synthetic wastewat..." refers background in this paper

...Because of spongy pavements, pervious concretes have also been characterized as efficient biological reactors and pollution descending [13]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Characteristics of sludge developed under different loading conditions during UASB reactor start-up and granulation.

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Makarand M. Ghangrekar¹, Shyam R. Asolekar², S. G. Joshi²•Institutions (2)

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur¹, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay²

01 Mar 2005-Water Research

TL;DR: Experimental results indicate that, for developing good characteristics sludge, during primary start-up from flocculent inoculum slud, organic loading rate and sludge loading rate should be in the range of 2.0-4.0 kg COD/m3 d and 0.1-0.25 kg C OD/kg VSS d, respectively.

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270 citations

"COD removal from synthetic wastewat..." refers methods in this paper

...PERVIOUS CONCRETE TYPICAL MIXTURES [17]...
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...This MSM solution was prepared according to the procedure outlined in [17]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Optimum mix design of enhanced permeable concrete – An experimental investigation

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C. Lian¹, Yan Zhuge²•Institutions (2)

University of South Australia¹, University of Southern Queensland²

01 Dec 2010-Construction and Building Materials

TL;DR: In this article, a new type of permeable concrete with enhanced structural strength was developed and various mix designs were attempted and their effects on the compressive strength and permeability of the new concrete were investigated.

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217 citations

"COD removal from synthetic wastewat..." refers background in this paper

...The suggested aggregate size for pervious concrete ranges from 10mm to 20mm, with commendations to gravel category, magnesium limestone is admitted for being the perfect gravel to construct water penetrable pavement [10]....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Pollution Retention Capability and Maintenance of Permeable Pavements

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Carsten Dierkes, Lothar Kuhlmann, Jaya Kandasamy¹, George Angelis•Institutions (1)

University of Technology, Sydney¹

05 Sep 2002

TL;DR: In this paper, the pollution retention capacity of different permeable road constructions is assessed in the laboratory and in field investigations, and a new cleaning device to recover the infiltration capacity was developed, that ensures a lifetime operation of the investigated pavements.

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Abstract: Permeable pavements of concrete paving-stones for rainwater infiltration are established as a sustainable method for the drainage of traffic areas and for pollutant source control. Various systems for different applications exist. Pollutants like heavy metals and hydrocarbons in the runoff can endanger soil and groundwater, when the they are not sufficiently removed during infiltration. Clogging and the decrease of infiltration capacity are problems that must be considered if permeable pavements are demanded to be used as an alternative to traditional drainage systems. In this study the pollution retention capacity of different permeable road constructions is assessed in the laboratory and in field investigations. A new cleaning device to recover the infiltration capacity was developed, that ensures a lifetime operation of the investigated pavements. With special designed concrete pavers a sufficient protection of soil and groundwater can be achieved. The use of permeable pavements is sustainable, if planning, construction supervision and maintenance are carried out according to the latest research results.

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128 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Cyclic Heat Island Impacts on Traditional Versus Pervious Concrete Pavement Systems

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Liv Haselbach¹, Michelle Boyer¹, John T. Kevern², Vernon R. Schaefer³•Institutions (3)

Washington State University¹, University of Missouri–Kansas City², Iowa State University³

27 Dec 2011-Transportation Research Record

TL;DR: In this paper, temperature data from an instrumented site in Iowa and heat storage phenomena for various weather patterns are presented. And they support the conclusion that even though pervious concrete may have a much lower SRI than traditional concrete made with similar materials, it can be considered a cool pavement.

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Abstract: As the world becomes more urbanized, concerns over the urban heat island (UHI) are more pronounced. Increased urban temperatures have a negative affect on the natural and human environment by producing increased energy usage and smog formation. Pervious concrete pavement is one technology that may help mitigate increased urban temperatures. Temperature data from an instrumented site in Iowa and heat storage phenomena for various weather patterns are presented. The site contains both pervious concrete pavement with a solar reflectance index (SRI) of 14 and traditional concrete pavement with an SRI of 37. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) accepted a high SRI (>29) as one method to characterize a cool surface. Heat capacities of both systems were studied along with a sensitivity analysis of the inputs. The research supports the conclusion that even though pervious concrete may have a much lower SRI than traditional concrete made with similar materials, it can be considered a cool pavement ...

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123 citations

"COD removal from synthetic wastewat..." refers background in this paper

...In spite of low strength, the penetrable pavement with a high permeability be essential to several usages, such as sponge like pavement [2], water clarification [3, 4], reducing temperature [5, 6], and Noisy absorbent [7]....
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