Code-mixing with a difference
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the causes of the popularity of this style of writing in the light of some accepted theories of multilingualism, and examine the reasons for such a trend.
Abstract: In recent years, the sociolinguistic theory of code-switching and code-mixing has been a source of great interest among scholars worldwide. The phenomenon is common in such multilingual societies as India. Most known cases of code-switching are, however, restricted to the spoken form, in which English is liberally interspersed with such regional languages as Hindi, Marathi, and Telugu. What has not yet significantly caught the attention of scholars is the notion of such switching and mixing in print. This practice is however particularly prevalent among writers in popular magazines, who resort to written code-switching for a variety of reasons. The present paper endeavours to examine the causes of the popularity of this style of writing in the light of some accepted theories of multilingualism.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Investigation of the phonological length of utterance in native Kannada speaking children of 3 to 7 years age revealed increase inPMLU score as the age increased suggesting a developmental trend in PMLU acquisition.
Abstract: Phonological mean length of utterance (PMLU) is a whole word measure for measuring phonological proficiency. It measures the length of a child’s word and the number of correct consonants. The present study investigated the phonological length of utterance in native Kannada speaking children of 3 to 7 years age. A total of 400 subjects in the age range of 3-7 years participated in the study. Spontaneous speech samples were elicited from each child and analyzed for PMLU as per the rules suggested by Ingram. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were employed to compare the differences between the means of PMLU scores across the gender and the age respectively. The result revealed increase in PMLU score as the age increased suggesting a developmental trend in PMLU acquisition. No statistically significant differences were observed between the means of PMLU scores across the gender.
230 citations
TL;DR: In Hindi popular songs, English is used to create humor and parody Westernized youth, similar to mixing with Sanskrit to create humour and parody the Traditional life style as mentioned in this paper. But English is no longer a fresh instrument to be used with a serious intent of asserting identities or resisting the traditional and customary.
Abstract: Nativization of English in the Outer and Expanding Circles manifests itself in mixing of English items in artistic expressions of various kinds, including fiction, poetry, and performances. Popular songs present many instances of Hindi–English mixing in India, ranging from alternate verses in the two languages to the two languages mixed at the level of words, phrases, idioms, etc. In East Asian languages, such as Japanese and Korean, English is mixed to achieve specific purposes, e.g., to be “audacious,”“exotic,” and “to reexoticize” their own language (Stanlaw, 2004), or to assert “a new identity” and to represent “a discourse of resistance”(Lee, 2004). In contrast, one salient motivation for mixing English in Hindi popular songs is to have fun with the language, i.e., to create humor and parody Westernized youth, similar to mixing with Sanskrit to create humor and parody the Traditional life style. English is no longer a fresh instrument to be used with a serious intent of asserting identities or resisting the traditional and customary. It is used on par with other Indian languages such as Punjabi, Marathi, and Telugu, testifying to its status as totally and completely nativized in the Indian context.
42 citations
Dissertation•
29 Nov 2006
TL;DR: Using nanofiltration membranes for the recovery of phosphorous with a second type of technology for the extraction of nitrogen is suggest to be a viable process and may be helpful in the search for other sources of nitrogen.
Abstract: VII ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE THESIS IX CHAPTER
22 citations
TL;DR: This paper analyzed Hindi-English code-switched text on billboards, with particular reference to novel figures of speech constructed in linguistic hybridity, or what Bhatt (2008) calls the third space of the creative recombination of two languagesfamiliar to the audience.
Abstract: One major area of interest in the study of contemporary linguistic landscapes worldwideis the interaction of English with local languages in public spaces. One such example of this is the use of‘Hinglish’ in Indian media, particularly in Indian advertising. Although some researchers have previouslyinvestigated Hindi-English code-switching in Bollywood films as well as print advertisements, relativelylittle research has been done on the interplay of these two languages on billboards. This current studyaims to analyze this aspect of Hindi-English code-mixing involving literary devices in the ‘Amul butter’advertising campaign which uses billboards to advertise its product throughout India. INTRODUCTION Althoughresearchhasbeenextensiveonlanguagealternationorswitchingamongbilingualspeakers,particularlyspokencode-switchedutterancesinavarietyofdomainsandspeechfunctions, research on written code-switching is scarce at best (Reh 2004; Sebba 2012;2013).Sebba(2012,2013)notesthisdiscrepancyinresearchandproposesthatmultilingualtexts, including print advertisements, be analyzed linguistically, spatially and visually, inways that may broaden our understanding of contemporary linguistic landscapes (Bolton2012). In this paper, we aim to analyze Hindi-English code-switched texts on billboards,with particular reference to novel figures of speech constructed in linguistic hybridity, orwhat Bhatt (2008) calls the ‘third space’ of the creative recombination of two languagesfamiliar to the audience. Thus, our focus in this study is on the novel recombinationsof figurative meanings in Hindi-English code-switched advertising texts that appear onIndian billboards.EnglishandHindihavebeentheofficiallanguagesinIndiasinceindependencein1947(BhatiaR Trivedi 2011;Bhatia 2012). The audience for such advertising are Hindi-English bilinguals who areadept in both languages and who habitually code-switch between the languages regardless
19 citations
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Monograph•
01 Jan 1987TL;DR: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language (CEEL) as discussed by the authors provides the most comprehensive coverage of the history, structure and worldwide use of English, including the history of English with new pages on Shakespeare's vocabulary and pronunciation, updated statistics on global English use that now cover all countries and the future of English in a post-Brexit Europe.
Abstract: Now in its third edition, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language provides the most comprehensive coverage of the history, structure and worldwide use of English. Fully updated and expanded, with a fresh redesigned layout, and over sixty audio resources to bring language extracts to life, it covers all aspects of the English language including the history of English, with new pages on Shakespeare's vocabulary and pronunciation, updated statistics on global English use that now cover all countries and the future of English in a post-Brexit Europe, regional and social variations, with fresh insights into the growing cultural identities of 'new Englishes', English in everyday use with new sections on gender identities, forensic studies, and 'big data' in corpus linguistics, and digital developments, including the emergence of new online varieties in social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. Packed with brand new colour illustrations, photographs, maps, tables and graphs, this new edition is an essential tool for a new generation of twenty-first-century English language enthusiasts.
1,385 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, Udaya Narayana Singh introduced diglossia Discourses Heteronomy Normativity India//Bharat Conclusion and proposed a Diglossia Dictionary Discourse for India and Bharat.
Abstract: Foreword - Udaya Narayana Singh Introduction Diglossia Discourses Heteronomy Normativity India//Bharat Conclusion
76 citations
TL;DR: Dasgupta as mentioned in this paper describes a sociolinguistic area "Minorities" in a Plurilingual Milieu Transforming Language Pluralism Indian Diglossia Language Census Language Modernization Language Planning A Critique Language Elites
Abstract: Introduction Foreword - Probal Dasgupta Reality and Language Constructs Traditions and Technologies A Sociolinguistic Area 'Minorities' in a Plurilingual Milieu Transforming Language Pluralism Indian Diglossia Language Census Language Modernization Language Planning A Critique Language Elites
51 citations