Cognition In The Wild
01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, an in-depth study of the theories on embodied and enactive cognition, the design of interaction with digital devices and the sketching as a basic tool of creative design is carried out.
Abstract: The continuous development of interactive technologies and the greater understanding of body importance in cognitive processes has driven HCI research , specifically on interaction design, to solve the user’s relationship with a multitude of beyond desktop devices. This has opened new challenges for having processes, methods and tools to achieve appropriate user experiences. Insofar as new devices and systems involve the body and social aspects of the human being, the consideration of paradigms, theories and support models that exceed the selection of navigation nodes and the appropriate visual organization of widgets and screens becomes more relevant. The interaction design must take care not only to get the product built properly, but also to build the right product. This thesis is at the crossroads of three themes: the design of interactive systems that combine a foot in the digital and one in the physical, the theories of embodied and enactive cognition and the creative practices supported by sketching, in particular the processes of generation, evaluation and communication of interaction design ideas. This work includes contributions of different character. An in-depth study of the theories on embodied and enactive cognition, the design of interaction with digital devices and the sketching as a basic tool of creative design is carried out. On the basis of this analysis of the existing literature and with a characterization of the enactive practice of enactive interactions based on ethnomethodological studies, a framework is proposed to conceptually organize this practice and a support tool for that activity conceived as a creative composition. The contributions are discussed and possible lines of future work are considered.
9 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Con el cuerpo como estructura de sustento, para la CC la cognición es una estabilidad temporal en un proceso auto-organizado, sostenido por una red de muchos elementos interactuantes que se extiende más allá del cerebro y alcanza las restricciones muculo-esqueléticas del cuerpo, los niveles homeostáticos (que vinculan con las emociones[46]), el acoplamiento sensorio-motriz, la emergencia en acciones y el acoplamiento entre las posibilidades de acciones del cuerpo por un lado y la estructura en el entorno físico y social por la otra [78, 39, 112]....
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...cooperativo y coordinado de un sistema formado por cerebros y cuerpos de varias personas, así como de la estructura física de las diversas herramientas utilizadas[112]....
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...¿De qué manera la comprensión de la CCE puede aportar al diseño de la relación entre los procesos digitales y la forma física de los sistemas interactivos? ¿Puede contribuir a imaginar nuevas formas de construcción de sentido? ¿Estos sistemas interactivos corporizados pueden a su vez contribuir con la CCE de alguna manera particular? Si esto es así, ¿cómo se relacionan esos procesos digitales con los procesos cognitivos corporizados? En busca de respuestas a estas preguntas, repasé de manera crítica las teorías de computación y representación distribuidas (Hutchins[112], Kirsh[129], Clark[39])....
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...Sin embargo, donde CRD trata a las personas y los objetos físicos esencialmente como unidades computacionales en una red de procesamiento de información distribuida[112], la investigación de PSS enfatiza cómo los artefactos “se toman” como elementos significativos dentro de un proceso social entre personas....
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...Según Hutchins[112], el pensamiento de la gente hace uso de la forma en que los recursos disponibles externamente, ya sea herramientas diseñadas específicamente para la tarea, u objetos de reclutamiento ad hoc, se encargarán de una parte del pensamiento para ellos....
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TL;DR: These works were motivated by a critical analysis of cognitivist computer science, which contrasted with notions of embodied experience arising from the arts, and address questions of agency and interaction, informed by cybernetics and artificial life.
Abstract: This article describes the development of several interactive installations and robotic artworks developed through the 1990s and the technological, theoretical, and discursive context in which those works arose. The main works discussed are Petit Mal 1989-1995, Sympathetic Sentience 1996-1997, Fugitive I 1996-1997, Traces 1998-1999, and Fugitive II 2001-2004-full documentation at www.simonpenny.net/works . These works were motivated by a critical analysis of cognitivist computer science, which contrasted with notions of embodied experience arising from the arts. The works address questions of agency and interaction, informed by cybernetics and artificial life.
9 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...New ideas about embodied and situated cognition were coming to light in work such as Lucy Suchmanʼs Plans and Situated Actions [34], Varela, Thomson, and Roschʼs Embodied Mind [35], and the work of Edwin Hutchins [13] and David Kirsh [14]....
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TL;DR: Video data is analysed from groups walking across unfamiliar moorland terrain, following a guide and map app which takes them on a tour of a remote Roman marching camp in the Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales.
Abstract: Resources made available through the digital map app change, but do not replace, the skills of ‘ordinary wayfinding'. Looking at the challenges of wayfinding with new mobile devices helps inform the development of digital mapping tools for navigating through difficult terrain. With this background in mind, in this article we consider how the contemporary navigational resources of mobile devices with GPS, and the resources of countryside landscape features, are brought together in visiting a tourist site. We analyse video data from groups walking across unfamiliar moorland terrain, following a guide and map app which takes them on a tour of a remote Roman marching camp in the Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales. Following an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic approach, we examine three instances of navigational work for paired walkers as they traverse the moorland. The three fragments are of: an orientational struggle to establish where to go next; a routine check to select a path and the discovery of a feature mentioned in the guide. Across the three episodes we explicate how our walkers make sense of the guide and map in relation to investigating the moorland surface. We examine how their ambulatory and undulatory practices on the moorland are tied to their wayfinding practices. While we analyse wayfinding talk, we also attend to the mobile practices of stopping and pausing as part of practical navigational reasoning.
9 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Ed Hutchins’ (1995) iconoclastic study — Cognition in the Wild — broke spatial cognition away from the individual to examine its social organisation and distribution on board a ship....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate a defensive move made by some proponents of the view that groups have mental or cognitive states of their own: to concede that group states and individual states aren't of the same specific natural kinds, while holding that groups instantiate different species of mental states from those instantiated by humans, and arrive at a tentative conclusion: what is common to models of individual cognitive processing and models of group processing does not suffice to establish sameness of cognitive (or mental) kinds, properties, or state-types across individuals and extant groups, not even at a
Abstract: It is often claimed that structured collections of individuals with mental or cognitive states—such collections as courts, countries, and corporations—have mental or cognitive states of their own. The existing critical literature casts substantial doubt on this claim. In this paper, I evaluate a defensive move made by some proponents of the view that groups have mental or cognitive states of their own: to concede that group states and individual states aren’t of the same specific natural kinds, while holding that groups instantiate different species of mental or cognitive states—perhaps a different species of cognition itself—from those instantiated by humans. In order to evaluate this defense of group cognition, I present a view of natural kinds—or at least of the sort of evidence that supports inferences to sameness of natural kind—a view I have previously dubbed the ‘tweak-andextend’ theory, as well as a theory of cognitive systems. Guided by the tweak-and-extend approach, I arrive at a tentative conclusion: that what is common to models of individual cognitive processing and models of group processing does not suffice to establish sameness of cognitive (or mental) kinds, properties, or state-types across individuals and extant groups, not even at a generic level.
9 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...It is claimed that group-level processing involves the complex computational transformation of representations (Hutchins, 1995), as is widely thought to be the basis of human cognition, or it comprises the operation of algorithms or mechanisms— such as lateral inhibition (Goldstone & Theiner,…...
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...…oriented philosophy of mind, have argued that some extant groups of individual humans have mental or cognitive states of their own (Huebner, 2013; Hutchins, 1995; Goldstone & Gureckis, 2009; Goldstone & Theiner, 2017; Theiner & O’Connor; 2010; Barnier et al., 2008; List & Pettit, 2011;…...
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...In fact, some authors discuss the two questions explicitly in tandem (Hutchins, 1995; Wilson, 2004; Tollefsen, 2006; Theiner, Allen, & Goldstone, 2010)....
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01 Sep 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a normative interdisciplinary dialogic framework for human-robot interaction education, denoted InDia wheel, is presented, aimed toward seamless and coherent integration of the variety of disciplines that contribute to HRI.
Abstract: Over the last few years, technological developments in semi-autonomous machines have raised awareness about the strategic importance of human-robot interaction (HRI) and its technical and social implications. At the same time, HRI still lacks an established pedagogic tradition in the coordination of its intrinsically interdisciplinary nature. This scenario presents steep and urgent challenges for HRI education. Our contribution presents a normative interdisciplinary dialogic framework for HRI education, denoted InDia wheel, aimed toward seamless and coherent integration of the variety of disciplines that contribute to HRI. Our framework deemphasizes technical mastery, reducing it to a necessary yet not sufficient condition for HRI design, thus modifying the stereotypical narration of HRI-relevant disciplines and creating favorable conditions for a more diverse participation of students. Prospectively, we argue, the design of an educational 'space of interaction' that focuses on a variety of voices, without giving supremacy to one over the other, will be key to successful HRI education and practice.
9 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Such a view allows us to frame educational activities as follows: i) socially oriented, ii) not bound to individual’s biological conditions, and iii) distributed across networks of activities across time and space (see Hutchins, 1995; Resnick, 1994; Rogoff, 1990)....
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References
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TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
628 citations
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TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.
545 citations
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.
418 citations
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.
360 citations
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.
329 citations