Cognition In The Wild
01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a list of tables and figures for the study of the relationship between the two types of graphs. But they do not discuss the relationships between them.
Abstract: i List of Tables v List of Figures vi Chapter 1: Introduction and Rationale for the Study
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...14 chapter discusses these studies) I cannot take a trip into the “wild” (Hutchins, 1995) and explore the situated mathematical knowledge in the diverse life experiences of adult students who come to the community college....
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...…knowledge of particular groups (e.g., bookies or fishermen; the next 14 chapter discusses these studies) I cannot take a trip into the “wild” (Hutchins, 1995) and explore the situated mathematical knowledge in the diverse life experiences of adult students who come to the community college....
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02 Oct 2015
TL;DR: This study demonstrates a promising methodology to study C2-related factors during live EMS work using qualitative observations and in-situ interviews mixed with quantitative questionnaires to explore the workload and shared workload awareness in a staff performing command and control work during a planned major incident case in Sweden.
Abstract: Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the workload and shared workload awareness in a staff performing command and control (C2) work during a planned major incident (MI) empirical case in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach– Data on workload and shared awareness were collected during live C2-work using qualitative observations and in-situ interviews mixed with quantitative questionnaires. Findings– A content analysis of the qualitative data revealed categories of workload sources. Quantified workload estimates showed changes in workload levels over time and staff roles, which were also contextualized using the results of the qualitative data. Data on shared awareness indicated that team workload awareness shifted over time according to common patterns. This study demonstrates a promising methodology to study C2-related factors during live EMS work. Research limitations/implications– The observed variations in workload imply that research that relies only on post-task measurements of workload may be inaccurate. Future research could use this method to investigate the connection between workload and performance during different types of MIs. Originality/value– The results can be used to inform future Goteborgsvarvet C2-teams in terms of when, why, and for whom task load changes, which would support predictive allocation of resources.
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...…Jonas Rybing, Eric Carlström, Amir Khorram-Manesh and Carl-Oscar Jonson, Exploring prehospital C2-work during a mass gathering event, 2015, International Journal of Emergency Services, (4), 2, 227-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJES-04-2015-0016 Copyright: Emerald http://www.emeraldinsight.com/...
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...However, even though theoretical models of the relationships between these factors have been established in laboratory settings they have not been tested during actual EMS command and control work; the difference between cognition “in captivity” and cognition “in the wild” (see Hutchins, 1995)....
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a pragmatisch-analytisches Konzept verteilter Aktion and Interaktivitaten in soziotechnischen Konstellationen entworfen.
Abstract: Neben der theoretischen Deutung der Technik als sachliches Artefakt oder als kulturelles Schema wird der pragmatische Aspekt hervorgehoben: Moderne Technologie gewinnt durch ihre Performanz als Agentur („agency“) und durch die interaktive Verkopplung in einer hybriden Konstellation verteilter Aktivitaten („distributed action“) aus Menschen, Maschinen und Zeichen eine neue Qualitat. Anhand von kooperierenden Robotern, Multiagenten-Systemen und vernetzten heterogenen Systemen des Fliegens wird demonstriert, wie Technik in „Aktion“ gegenuber der Umwelt, in „Interaktion“ mit anderen technischen Elementen und in „Interaktivitat“ mit personalen und sozialen Systemen beobachtet und gedeutet werden kann. Gegenuber Gunter Ropohls Modell „soziotechnischer Systeme“ und Bruno Latours politischer Philosophie der „Aktor-Netzwerke“ wird ein pragmatisch-analytisches Konzept verteilter Aktion und Interaktivitaten in soziotechnischen Konstellationen entworfen. Es geht davon aus, dass Handlung und Technik jeweils nur in Zusammenhangen emergieren, Technisierung ein projektiertes Schema ist, das in unterschiedlichen Tragermedien (Sachen, Menschen, Zeichen) geformt und gefestigt werden kann, und dass avancierte moderne Technologien zunehmend durch die Verteiltheit der Aktion auf viele und heterogene Instanzen sowie durch gerahmte interaktive Formen statt sequentiell oder hierarchisch integrierte Ablaufe gekennzeichnet sind.
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...In den Kognitionswissenschaften entwickelte Ed Hutchins das Konzept der „Distributed Cognition“ (Hutchins 1996)....
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Dissertation•
01 Nov 2015
TL;DR: This dissertation investigates issues and techniques of multi-focus visual exploration through five design studies, touching various types of data in a range of application domains.
Abstract: Interactive Visual Data Exploration: A Multi-Focus Approach Jian Zhao Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2015 Recently, the amount of digital information available in the world has been growing at a tremendous rate. This huge, heterogeneous, and complicated data that we are continuously generating could be an incredible resource for us to seek insights and make informed decisions. For this knowledge extraction to be efficient, visual exploration of data is demanded in addition to fully automatic methods, because visual exploration can integrate the creativity, flexibility, and general experience of the human user into the sense-making process through interaction and visualization techniques. Due to the scale and complexity of data, robust conclusions are usually formed by coordinating many sub-regions in an information space, which leads to the approach of multi-focus visual exploration that allows browsing different data segments with multiple views and perspectives simultaneously. While prior research has proposed a myriad of information visualization techniques, there still lacks comprehensive understanding about how visual exploration can be facilitated by multi-focus interactive visualizations. This dissertation investigates issues and techniques of multi-focus visual exploration through five design studies, touching various types of data in a range of application domains.
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...2), which suggests that knowledge lies across individuals, artifacts, and the environment [Hutchins, 1995]....
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01 Jul 2015
TL;DR: Pushing label checkers towards a more systematic approach would appear to be effective in reducing undetected label errors, and could lead potentially to significant financial savings and reduced environmental wastage in the fresh produce industry.
Abstract: Despite robust quality control procedures, labelling errors on fresh produce are estimated to cost the UK supermarket industry approximately £50million pounds per year in product recalls and wastage. Changing the format of the labels themselves is not a viable option. Instead, the challenge is to change or guide human operatives' behaviour so that label printing errors do not go undetected during quality control procedures. To this end, a simulated label checking task was presented to naive participants to compare more systematic and strategic methods of label checking. Two conditions in which behaviour was computer-led were compared with a control condition in which checkers adopted their own idiosyncratic checking method. The data indicate that the two computer-led approaches resulted in improved levels of accuracy. Pushing label checkers towards a more systematic approach would appear to be effective in reducing undetected label errors, and could lead potentially to significant financial savings and reduced environmental wastage in the fresh produce industry.
5 citations
Cites methods from "Cognition In The Wild"
...The approach taken in the present research to improve the detection of label errors, then, was to develop a distributed cognitive system [9] for label-checking which coupled [10] the human label checker with a computer to varying extents....
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References
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TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
628 citations
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TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.
545 citations
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.
418 citations
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.
360 citations
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.
329 citations