Cognition In The Wild
01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In a study of night rounds in post-surgical critical care, the management of ambiguities in distributed knowledge work is examined in the critical care unit.
Abstract: In a study of night rounds in post-surgical critical care, we examine the management of ambiguities in distributed knowledge work. In the critical care unit we observed, remote medical workers stru...
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Research studies across a range of settings and types of work has shown that ambiguity is harder to manage when workers are separated from each other and their activities (Barley 1990; Cramton 2001; Leonardi 2011; Hutchins and Lintern 1995)....
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Dissertation•
01 Oct 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "uniformity" and "uncertainty" in the context of video games.2.3.2
Abstract: 2
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...People engage in ‘wayfinding’ (Hutchins, 1995) that creates pathways that radiate outwards from their concrete existential situations, or continually becoming of ‘being’ as they find...
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01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: Whether new users encountering a tele-operated humanoid avatar in a public setting would spontaneously use head movements and arm gestures to allow better conversational flow and group interaction and the implications for the design of `in the wild' experiments and the usability of tele- operated humanoid avatars.
Abstract: In this paper, we report a breaching study to explore the use of a tele-operated humanoid avatar from both the perspective of the robot operator and the perspective of interlocutors. Humanoid robot avatars provide capabilities that video conferencing and mobile remote presence devices lack, particularly in multi-party conversations. Specifically, we were interested whether new users encountering a tele-operated humanoid avatar in a public setting would spontaneously use head movements and arm gestures to allow better conversational flow and group interaction. Video data shows that both operators and interlocutors initially explore the system's capabilities. Most operators used social gestures such as waving and pointing, as well as gaze which in turn led to related social responses from interlocutors. Interview data additionally show that robot operators and interlocutors rated the experience very positively. This paper discusses the implications of our findings for the design of ‘in the wild’ experiments and the usability of tele-operated humanoid avatars.
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Such ’in the wild’ evaluations have been used for a range of human-computer [12] and more recently human-robot [13][14][15] interaction experiments....
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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the Bedeutung von materialen Objekten and Produkten in der and fur die Burgerbildung, eine Dimension, which has not yet been fully investigated.
Abstract: Der Beitrag widmet sich einer Forschungslucke der konventionentheoretischen Forschung: der Burgerbildung in Schulen und behandelt in diesem Feld den Vergleich zwischen deutschen und franzosischen Schulen. Das Fundament der Forschung ist der methodologische Situationalismus, der eine spezifische Vorgehensweise beim Vergleich verlangt. Die Autoren argumentieren, dass schulische Burgerbildung geradezu ein Paradebeispiel fur die konventionentheoretischen Kernkonzepte Ungewissheit und Rechtfertigungsdruck bietet. Sie diskutieren die Bedeutung von materialen Objekten und Produkten in der und fur die Burgerbildung, eine Dimension, die bislang kaum erforscht wurde. Sie erlautern, warum man die Organisation Schule und ihre Burgerbildung in erster Linie als Kompromisswerkzeuge fur den Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Welten und Konventionen auffassen kann. Schlieslich erortern sie die Implikationen fur eine internationale Burgerbildungsforschung, die ihre Aufgabe darin sieht, situierte Situationen miteinander zu vergleichen.
5 citations
01 Nov 2018
TL;DR: A work review system, in the form of a smartphone app feature, to identify hidden employees' contributions is examined, finding a wide range of invisible work being identified despite the existence of a similar paper review form.
Abstract: Invisible work is an important CSCW research agenda, and also integral to operations within companies. To reveal these hidden practices, studies to date have suggested that companies use IT systems to share location, task progress, and enquiry information among employees, or to conduct research work which identifies informal practices. In this paper, we examine a work review system, in the form of a smartphone app feature, to identify hidden employees' contributions. This Complimenting Feature, developed in April 2017 by an air cargo handling company in Hong Kong, allows its terminal staff to compliment other employees-anyone they like, and anytime they like. In December 2017, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 terminal staff regarding their experiences using the app. Our analysis of the interviews found a wide range of invisible work being identified despite the existence of a similar paper review form. We have also found evidence of increased employees' motivation and social learning.
5 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...but it would be both difficult and inefficient to do the job the way it is described in the written procedures” [16] (p....
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...For example, Hutchins [16] reported that official procedures within the US Navy were presented, in formal records, as a serially ordered set of tasks; but in practice, many of the tasks were improvised by the sailors, and performed in no strict ordering and under tight communication and coordination....
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References
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TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
628 citations
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TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.
545 citations
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.
418 citations
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.
360 citations
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.
329 citations