Cognition In The Wild
01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: It is proposed that there exists a class of social-computation-supporting kinds, or SCS-kinds, united by the function of enabling computations implemented by social groups.
Abstract: Social kinds are heterogeneous. As a consequence of this diversity, some authors have sought to identify and analyse different kinds of social kinds. One distinct kind of social kinds, however, has not yet received sufficient attention. I propose that there exists a class of social-computation-supporting kinds, or SCS-kinds for short. These SCS-kinds are united by the function of enabling computations implemented by social groups. Examples of such SCS-kinds are reimbursement form, US dollar bill, chair of the board. I will analyse SCS-kinds, contrast my analysis with theories of institutional kinds, and discuss the benefits of investigating SCS-kinds.
4 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Theories of the extended mind conceive of smartphones as extensions of human cognition because they are integrated in one computational process (Hutchins 1995; Clark and Chalmers 1998; Gallagher 2018)....
[...]
01 Dec 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, a hierarchical optimizer matrix linking affordance design with schematics is proposed, which can serve as LeCun's common filter to improve search strategies and identify the region of interest across sample well-defined and ill-defined contexts.
Abstract: Affordance in product, packaging and service design has attracted much attention. Aiming at increasing perceived usefulness and usability, foci has increasingly extended to user experience and interaction. Neuroscience research can also benefit from affordance research, i.e., by designing external task demands to trigger/train functional networks and possibly, to compensate dysfunctional networks. Visual processing influences diverse cognitive processings. Hence, aspects investigated are types of contexts and properties which contribute to visual salience (colour, shape). The aim is to investigate which among these factors can serve as LeCun's common filter to improve search strategies and identification of the region of interest across sample well-defined and ill-defined contexts. Function (goal), structure (associative schema) and behaviour (actionable possibilities) stand out as the meta-heuristics, above shape and colour. A hierarchical optimizer matrix linking affordance design with schematics is then proposed.
4 citations
Cites methods from "Cognition In The Wild"
...These are: a) The role of visual processing as highlighted by Gibson’s [1] ecological visual processing and action-ability; b) Varela, Thompson and Rosch’s [2] discussion of enactive cognition and the role colour has on experiences and categorization, memory or retention; c) Hutchins’ [3] view that constraining, distributing or regulating cognition would either enhance or hinder sensorial inputs and processing....
[...]
...These are: a) The role of visual processing as highlighted by Gibson’s [1] ecological visual processing and action-ability; b) Varela, Thompson and Rosch’s [2] discussion of enactive cognition and the role colour has on experiences and categorization, memory or retention; c) Hutchins’ [3] view that constraining, distributing or regulating cognition would either enhance or hinder...
[...]
01 Apr 2015-Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
TL;DR: The Intuition Pumps as discussed by the authors is a compendium of thinking tools, or intuition pumps, devised by Dennett to elucidating conceptual puzzles at the heart of the subject matter to which Dennett has devoted his long and distinguished career: the place of the human mind in nature.
4 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Everything from language, first oral and then written, to numerals, to various calculating technologies, to certain ritualistic practices followed by collaborating teams, like the crew of a navy aircraft carrier (Hutchins, 1995), clearly function to enhance our cognitive capacities....
[...]
...For example, it is trivially true that the letter string L-O-V-E is just a word....
[...]
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2014TL;DR: Barriers to effective implementation of care plans in complex care revealed by a study of care providers treating children with complex health conditions are described.
Abstract: Children with complex health conditions require care from a large, diverse set of caregivers that includes parents and community support organizations as well as multiple types of medical professionals. Coordination of their care is essential for good outcomes, and extensive research has shown that the use of integrated, team-based care plans improves care coordination. Care plans, however, are rarely deployed in practice. This paper describes barriers to effective implementation of care plans in complex care revealed by a study of care providers treating such children. It draws on teamwork theories, identifying ways AI capabilities could enhance care plan use; describes the design of GoalKeeper, a system to support providers use of care plans; and describes initial work toward information sharing algorithms for such systems.
4 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...The first theory, distributed cognition (Hutchins 1996), is rooted in ethnomethodology and sociology, and identifies principles and frameworks for explaining how collaboration arises in practice....
[...]
...Distributed cognition theory (Hutchins 1996) (DCT) argues that cognition is not confined to the individual, but rather requires consideration of social and cultural context and can be distributed among a group of people and through time....
[...]
...Drawing on teamwork theories (Grosz and Kraus 1996; Hutchins 1996), we identify teamwork mechanisms lacking in complex care settings....
[...]
...Hutchins (1996) discusses task decomposition as a powerful mechanism that allows team members to “attend closely to only a limited set of data.”...
[...]
TL;DR: The study suggests that simplexity is beneficial for structuring the modelling of complex, knowledge-based services in a complex organisation providing air traffic control and contributes to the emergent literature onsimplexity by applying that particular lens to work modelling.
Abstract: This study analyses a unique, revelatory case of service modelling in a complex organisation providing air traffic control. The study analyses broad modelling activities, including information elicitation, analysis, and organisation, undertaken by a small team internal to the organisation that so far has spent about 2,400 person-hours of effort in the project. The study follows a qualitative approach in the interpretivist tradition based on interviews and document analysis. The study analyses the project framework, modelling notations, data collection, collaboration, modelling activities, and project outputs. The findings are interpreted in light of two theoretical lenses: coordination and simplexity. The study suggests that simplexity is beneficial for structuring the modelling of complex, knowledge-based services. A pattern was identified combining an initial step promoting simplicity and establishing communication with the stakeholders, followed by a second step acquiring complexity of understanding. Considering the mechanisms defined by coordination theory (flow, share, and fit), the study suggests a predominance of the fit mechanism in modelling knowledge-based services. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the challenges of modelling work through cognitive and knowledge-based lenses and identifies possible strategies to overcome these challenges. The paper also contributes to the emergent literature on simplexity by applying that particular lens to work modelling.
4 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...DC theory (Hutchins 1995) emphasises that knowledge is distributed across individual humans and physical environments....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
628 citations
[...]
TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.
545 citations
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.
418 citations
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.
360 citations
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.
329 citations