Cognition In The Wild
01 Jan 2016-
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Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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02 May 2019
TL;DR: It is argued that notions of the mind are entangled with the technologies that seek to sense it, and that future work on how models of minds may reinforce existing vulnerabilities, and create new ones are advocated.
Abstract: Drawing on philosophies of embodied, distributed & extend cognition, this paper argues that the mind is readable from sensors worn on the body and embedded in the environment. It contends that past work in HCI has already begun such work, introducing the term models of minds to describe it. To those who wish to develop the capacity to build models of minds, we argue that notions of the mind are entangled with the technologies that seek to sense it. Drawing on the racial and gendered history of surveillance, we advocate for future work on how models of minds may reinforce existing vulnerabilities, and create new ones.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an information-theoretic measure of interdisciplinarity and apply it to multiauthored published articles is proposed. But it is based on a limited definition of collaboration between fields.
Abstract: Recent publications have lamented the dominance of psychology in cognitive science. However, this relies on a limited definition of collaboration between fields. We call for a renewed conception of interdisciplinarity as a "mixture of expertise." We describe an information-theoretic measure of interdisciplinarity and apply it to multiauthored published articles. Results suggest that cognitive science journals mix expertise more than topically related journals. We suggest that perceptions of diminishing interdisciplinarity may in part be due to the emergence of different theoretical perspectives and use a semantic model to illustrate this argument. We conclude by describing some benefits of this broader conception.
4 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical framework of distributed creativity is proposed, which articulates creative actors, audiences, actions, artefacts and affordances, and three lines of distribution of creative acts are embedded within this model.
Abstract: This chapter discusses different views of distribution within cognitive science and cultural psychology and proposes a theoretical framework of distributed creativity. While extended mind and distributed cognition theories share the assumption that psychological processes don’t take place solely inside our heads, they continue to reproduce an unproductive dichotomy between the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ world. In contrast, cultural psychological views of distribution emphasise the interdependence between person and context and consider this relationship developmentally. Drawing on such an account, as well as systemic ways of theorising creativity, a framework is proposed that articulates creative actors, audiences, actions, artefacts and affordances. Three lines of distribution of creative acts are embedded within this model: social, material and temporal.
4 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...His recent focus on cognitive ecosystems (Hutchins 2010) promotes the study of cognitive phenomena in context as part of dynamic patterns of inter-relation between elements organised as socio-technical systems (Hutchins 1995b)....
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...His ethnographic study of navigation on the US Navy ship nicknamed Palau, described at length in ‘Cognition in the wild’ (see Hutchins 1995a), captured the multiple ways in which cognitive tasks (e.g., determining the ship’s position as part of the ‘fix cycle’, planning its course, etc.) are never…...
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...Their reaction to behaviourism was to argue for the importance of the ‘‘internal mental environment largely separated from the external world’’ (Hutchins 1995a, p. 371), to endorse the computer metaphor and make information processing central for human cognition....
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...His discussion of how a cockpit remembers its speed is illuminating in this regard, literally taking memory outside of the head of single individuals and distributing its functions within the environment, particularly in relation to physical tools (Hutchins 1995b)....
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...What emerged was a clear view of cognition as a cultural process, a ‘‘social distribution of cognitive labor’’ (Hutchins 1995a, p. 228)....
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14 May 2016
TL;DR: This paper explores several contributions of semiotic engineering to software engineering and discusses how the theory can facilitate the creation of comprehensive artifacts and discusses UML, a model for assessing and improving software modeling languages.
Abstract: Semiotic engineering is based upon the semiotic theory of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), which focuses on communication between designers and users. Semiotic engineering tries to improve users' interpretation through meta-communication and emphasizes that designers should play the role of legitimate interlocutors in interactive systems. On the other hand, there is a gap in software engineering on how to obtain systems specifications efficiently, how to create easy-to-understand and communicative models, and how to produce comprehensive modeling languages and development processes. In this paper, we explore several contributions of semiotic engineering to software engineering and discuss how the theory can facilitate the creation of comprehensive artifacts. We also discuss semiotic engineering for assessing and improving software modeling languages, in our case UML. We anticipate that our work would lead to the semiotic theory becoming recognized as a central theory driving software engineering research and practice
4 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
..., distributed cognition [18] and activity theory [19], have been developed to address communication....
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TL;DR: In this article, the metaphor of a landscape of appraisal and coping is used to explore work stress as a cultural phenomenon, distributed socially and materially, by introducing a metaphor of the landscape metaphor.
Abstract: This study explores work stress as a cultural phenomenon, distributed socially and materially, by introducing the metaphor of a landscape of appraisal and coping. By using this landscape analogy, it is emphasized that concrete contexts invite employees to appraise the situations at work in a certain way and afford using certain coping strategies rather than others. This study uses data based on a field study in one department of a multinational company and demonstrates how definitions of stress, appraisals of the working environment and coping strategies vary across professional groups. Furthermore, the study indicates that these different appraisal and coping practices are deeply embedded in the concrete context in the sense that the different aspects of the working environment such as the physical surroundings, the work organization, the social interactions and cultural characteristics both separately and combined invite the employees to engage in distinct appraisals and coping practices and limit the u...
4 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...With a theoretical point of departure in cultural psychology (Valsiner, 2007; Valsiner & Van der Veer, 2000) and the theory of distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995), the related concepts of distributed appraisal and coping are proposed as concepts that comprise the embeddedness of the individual in a specific socio-material context (Kirkegaard & Brinkmann, 2015)....
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...With a theoretical point of departure in cultural psychology (Valsiner, 2007; Valsiner & Van der Veer, 2000) and the theory of distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995), the related concepts of distributed appraisal and coping are proposed as concepts that comprise the embeddedness of the individual…...
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References
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TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
628 citations
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TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.
545 citations
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.
418 citations
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.
360 citations
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.
329 citations