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Cognition In The Wild

01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Situation awareness is a widely used cognitive construct in human factors, often theoretically posited to be a critical causal factor and/or construct for performance as discussed by the authors, however, there are conce...
Abstract: Situation awareness (SA) is a widely used cognitive construct in human factors, often theoretically posited to be a critical causal factor and/or construct for performance. However, there are conce...

3 citations


Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...…include the Swiss cheese model of human error with potential hazards and using preventive defences as barriers (Reason 1990), distributed cognition (Hutchins 1995), distributed situation awareness (Stanton, Salmon, and Walker 2015), socio-technical systems (Perrow 2011) and natural systems (Durso…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2014
TL;DR: Patient safety issues continue to be prevalent in delivering care with the electronic health record (EHR) and other health information technology (HIT) tools and are organized by level of unit of analysis and mapped to specific methods that could be used for further investigation.
Abstract: Patient safety issues continue to be prevalent in delivering care with the electronic health record (EHR) and other health information technology (HIT) tools. Defining the unit of analysis for the study of clinical information systems is important based on the focus of the research. This study applies a conceptual framework with three levels of units of analysis for human-computer interaction (HCI) to identify and guide investigations at each level. Ethnographic observations and semi-structured, key-informant interviews were conducted with 40 healthcare workers across five primary care clinics, nine specialty clinics, and one inpatient ward at a tertiary-care Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Two researchers recorded the interactions and interview responses of 40 healthcare workers related to their work with computerized consultations, clinical documentation, and the EHR in general. Patient safety issues from these data were categorized using three different units of analysis: EHR interface-, team coordination / workflow-, and organizational-levels. A total of 30 patient safety issues were identified; 17 emerged from the observation and interview data on computerized consults, 10 from the data on clinical documentation, and 3 were related to the EHR in general. Patient safety issues were organized by level of unit of analysis and mapped to specific methods that could be used for further investigation. Relevant concepts are discussed to help guide investigations at each level.

3 citations


Cites background or methods from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...Frameworks such as cognitive engineering (Woods & Roth, 1988) and distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995; Saleem et al., 2009) expand the unit of analysis beyond the traditional computer system and user to include workflow and the organization at large....

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  • ...Frameworks such as cognitive engineering (Woods & Roth, 1988) and distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995; Saleem et al., 2009) expand the unit of analysis beyond the traditional computer system and user to include workflow and the organization at large....

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  • ...Frameworks such as cognitive engineering (Patterson, Bozzette, Nguyen, Gomes, & Asch, 2003; Woods & Roth, 1988) and distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995; Saleem et al., 2009) expand the unit of analysis beyond the traditional computer system and user to include workflow and team coordination....

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  • ...Ethnographic field observation is an approach that allows study of a complex system, such as in situ use of an EHR and its sociotechnical influences in the organization at large (Hutchins, 1995)....

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  • ...Ethnographic field observation is an approach that allows study of a complex system, such as in situ use of a clinical information system, from its sociotechnical influences in the organization at large down through design flaws at the computer interface level (Hutchins, 1995; Saleem et al., 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
22 Aug 2019-Water
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of a canal operator in the everyday water distribution of an irrigation system in Western Mexico is presented, where the canal operators deal with these problems of control by drawing on their situational knowledge and embodied cognition acquired on-the-job.
Abstract: This article provides an ethnographic example of a practice-based approach to water governance. It presents the situated case study of a canalero (canal operator) in the everyday water distribution of an irrigation system in Western Mexico. The canalero represents the low-ranked field operators at the frontline of many water provision organizations around the world, thereby providing a wider relevance to this case study. In spite of different waves of modernization that aimed to reduce ‘the human element’ and control water flows from a distance, canaleros still operate the manually adjustable gates and intakes in many medium and large open canal irrigation systems. Through a precise documentation of the daily routines of administering water, money, and data flows, anticipating shortages and mediating between conflicting demands, we conceptualize their semi-autonomous field of competent action. In contrast to a rule-based or normative approach to water governance, we will argue that the canaleros’ cognition and competencies in mediating multiple resource flows are embodied and situated in specific social, technical and spatial arrangements for water provision. However, this field of professional competence is not clearly delineated and gets regularly contested in practice. The water operators deal with these ‘problems of control’, by drawing on their situational knowledge and embodied cognition acquired on-the-job. This case study outlines a framework for a practice-based and decentered study of water governance, focused on cognitive processes in water provision arrangements.

3 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This article is focused into the implications of incorporating different digital open resources in the “Memory of Links” (MoL), which represents the space of memory which needs to be allocated in the brain for storing those links.
Abstract: Open contents also open the door for acquiring a large variety and quantity of new knowledge They are always available for us, and once they are located and selected, we only need to wait as long as necessary to have enough time to learn them Storing contents on very different ICT devices may contribute to freeze the overload of our memory, but some studies affirm that a smaller cognitive effort is made when we know the contents are ready out there, in the Web This article is focused into the implications of incorporating different digital open resources in your ‗Memory of Links‘ (MoL) This concept, the MoL, represents the space of memory which needs to be allocated in the brain for storing those links The seeking and selection processes, the memorization and storage of links, the ability to remember some notions about the stored information and the need of organization of those linked resources in external devices vary according to the different individuals This fact has been checked through a study carried out with 58 students who were surveyed and interviewed in order to obtain information about the way they filled their MoL The individuals showed distinct behaviors in respect of the number and type of the stored links, storage devices, structuration of information, link management tools, etc

3 citations


Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...The MoL concept is only related to memory, whereas distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995), embodiment (Clark, 2008) and even connectivism (Siemens, 2005) have mainly to do with cognitive reasoning processes which are substituted or helped by the social community or by the machines....

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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Foljande avhandling bidrar till teorier om ledning av kunskapsarbete pa mikroniva, genom att undersoka sjalvledarskap i kUNskapsarsarabete och organisatoriska forsok att framja det pa individ- och team as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Foljande avhandling bidrar till teorier om ledning av kunskapsarbete pa mikroniva, genom att undersoka sjalvledarskap i kunskapsarbete och organisatoriska forsok att framja det pa individ- och team ...

3 citations


Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...(Robbins & Aydede, 2009, p. 6) The concept of distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995) is used to denote knowledge and action being stretched across (rather than simply distributed between) actors and artifacts (D'Adderio, 2011)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.

628 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Nov 2014
TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.

545 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.

418 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.

360 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.

329 citations