Cognition In The Wild
01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors take a look at academic literacy through a rhetorical genre lens, and consider the doctoral thesis and ask what consequences result from the typified rhetorical action associated with that text, and find that the situations to which generic texts respond, and the consequences they produce, are likewise regulated and regularized.
Abstract: New theories of genre have looked beyond repetition in textual features to consider the social conditions that produce and result from standardised discourse. These theories seek to understand patterns in the production, distribution, and interpretation of certain texts. One such approach, rhetorical genre theory, views standardised texts as one element in larger patterns of social action—that is, as part of collectively organized strategies to get something done. From this perspective, it is possible to see that the situations to which generic texts respond, and the consequences they produce, are likewise regulated and regularized. This article takes a look at academic literacy through a rhetorical genre lens. In particular, it considers the doctoral thesis and asks what consequences result from the typified rhetorical action associated with that text.
24 citations
Additional excerpts
...…notions of structuration, Bourdieu’s (e.g., 1977) accounts of habitus, the focus on situated learning (e.g., Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998) and distributed cognition (e.g., Hutchins, 1995), and Vygotsky-inspired Activity Theory (e.g., Engeström, Miettinen, & Punamäki, 1999; Russell, 1997)....
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TL;DR: The NIH UDP incorporated use of the Human Phenotype Ontology, developed a genomic alignment strategy cognizant of parental genotypes, pursued agnostic biochemical analyses, implemented functional validation, and established virtual villages of global experts.
Abstract: Traditionally, use of genomic information for personalized medical decisions relies on prior discovery and validation of genotype-phenotype associations. This approach constrains care for patients presenting with undescribed problems. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) hypothesized that defining disease as maladaptation to an ecological niche allows delineation of a logical framework to diagnose and evaluate such patients. Herein we present the philosophical bases, methodologies, and processes implemented by the NIH UDP. The NIH UDP incorporated use of the Human Phenotype Ontology, developed a genomic alignment strategy cognizant of parental genotypes, pursued agnostic biochemical analyses, implemented functional validation, and established virtual villages of global experts. This systematic approach provided a foundation for the diagnostic or non-diagnostic answers provided to patients and serves as a paradigm for scalable translational research.
24 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...The underlying principles for this are those of distributed cognition (54, 55) enabled through various Internet and social media tools (19)....
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...The success of these groups or villages requires knowledge of available resources, delineation of social relationships, and effective communication (54, 55)....
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11 Sep 2017
TL;DR: Analysis of what people want to remember and how they try to support this draws implications for the design of intelligent reminder systems such as digital assistants and smart speaker systems, and highlights the possibilities afforded by drawing on conversation and giving material form to digital reminders.
Abstract: Digital reminder systems typically use time and place as triggers to remind people to perform activities. In this paper, we investigate how digital reminder systems could better support the process of remembering in a wider range of situations. We report findings from a survey and one-week diary study, which reveal that people want to remember to perform a broad spectrum of activities in the future, many of which cannot be supported by simple time- and location-based reminders. In addition to these examples of prospective memory, or ‘remembering intentions’ [53], we also find that people want support in ‘retrieving’ [53] information and details, especially those encountered through social interactions or intended for use in conversations with others. Drawing on our analysis of what people want to remember and how they try to support this, we draw implications for the design of intelligent reminder systems such as digital assistants (e.g. Microsoft’s Cortana) and smart speaker systems (e.g. Amazon Echo), and highlight the possibilities afforded by drawing on conversation and giving material form to digital reminders.
24 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...placement of paper and other material objects plays into social routines [1,7,26,27,38,40], and studies of the home...
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TL;DR: It is suggested that this three-dimensional conceptual space can be used to map machine learning algorithmic projects in terms of the morality of their respective and constitutive ground-truthing practices, and may, in turn, serve as equipment for greater governance of machine learning algorithms and systems.
Abstract: This theoretical paper considers the morality of machine learning algorithms and systems in the light of the biases that ground their correctness. It begins by presenting biases not as a priori neg...
24 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...However, when considered “in the wild” (Hutchins, 1995), which is from a down-to-earth perspective, one realizes that the story is more intricate: It is indeed attested that ground truths and their concomitant referential practices do in fact impact, albeit in a less visible way, the practical…...
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...However, when considered “in the wild” (Hutchins, 1995), which is from a down-to-earth perspective, one realizes that the story is more intricate: It is indeed attested that ground truths and their concomitant referential practices do in fact impact, albeit in a less visible way, the practical shaping and use of ML algorithms presented as “unsupervised....
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Dissertation•
04 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a motricite motrices des eleves is analyzed by a group of enseignants of the Gestalttheorie, and the results of the analysis are presented.
Abstract: Cette these vise l’elaboration d’un cadre d’analyse des conduites motrices des eleves engages dans une tâche motrice en EPS. Cet objectif s’ancre dans le constat d’un deficit de connaissances des enseignants d’EPS en matiere de lecture de la motricite des eleves et de guidage de leurs apprentissages. En appui sur le constat que les enseignants experts percoivent les conduites motrices des eleves indissociablement comme forme et sens, le cadre de la Gestalttheorie a ete retenu pour considerer ces conduites comme des totalites dynamiques et signifiantes. L’ancrage phenomenologique de la Gestalttheorie a conduit a recueillir deux types de donnees empiriques sur le terrain de l’enseignement de trois APSA (gymnastique, natation et danse) : a) des donnees descriptives de type morphologique, relatives aux formes de corps et de mouvements corporels donnes a voir par les eleves ; b) des donnees interpretatives relatives a leur experience vecue, obtenues, d’une part, en faisant des inferences sur le sens de cette experience a partir des formes observees et, d’autre part, en utilisant la retroaction video dans l’esprit de l’explicitation psychophenomenologique pour conduire des entretiens avec les participants. Le traitement des donnees a permis de faire emerger des categories fonctionnelles de la motricite de deux ordres : des categories infraintentionnelles et des categories intentionnelles. Le « remplissement » de ces categories au fil des trois etudes presentees, ainsi que leur mise en relation dans la structure d’ensemble que represente la conduite motrice comme gestalt, ont permis d’etablir une lecture comprehensive de l’organisation motrice des participants et de mettre en evidence la coherence de « comportements privilegies », c’est-a-dire des conduites motrices momentanement adossees certes a un certain « vouloir », mais indissociablement a un certain « pouvoir » actuels. Les resultats montrent qu’avec l’augmentation du degre d’elaboration de l’organisation motrice, les differentes fonctions considerees pour l’analyse s’integrent de plus en plus dans une unite fonctionnelle federee par une visee intentionnelle polarisee par la finalite de l’action. La synthese des resultats montre la possibilite de baliser des elements d’une morphogenese des conduites motrices, dont un aspect generique saillant converge avec le principe de concretisation enonce par Simondon a propos des objets techniques en general.
23 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Nos résultats amènent toutefois à discuter la notion d’artefact telle que définie par Norman (1993, 1994) dans une conception de la cognition comme étant déposée, distribuée dans l’environnement (Lave, 1988 ; Hutchins, 1995)....
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References
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TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
628 citations
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TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.
545 citations
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.
418 citations
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.
360 citations
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.
329 citations