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Cognition In The Wild

01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2015
TL;DR: The qualitative findings provide context for current trends in enhancing patient-centered, coordinated, and team-based care; efforts towards better understanding interprofessional communication; overcoming barriers to successful collaboration; and identifying best practices for fostering clinical teamwork and a strong team identity.
Abstract: Background: Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent and costly public health problem with few treatment options that provide consistent and greater than modest benefits. Treatment of CLBP is shifting from unimodal to multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches, including biopsychosocially-based complementary and integrative care. Multidisciplinary approaches require unique levels of communication and coordination amongst clinicians; however, to date few studies have evaluated patterns of communication and decision making amongst clinicians collaborating in the care of challenging patients with CLBP. Methods: As part of an observational study evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an integrative, team-based care model for the treatment of CLBP, we used multiple qualitative research methods to characterize within-team cross-referral and communication amongst jointly-trained practitioners representing diverse biomedical and complementary disciplines. Patterns of communi...

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the epistemic parity principle is used to argue that an epistemological theory remains compatible with extended cognition only if its epistemic assessments do not violate what they call "the Epistemic Parity Principle".
Abstract: The philosophical case for extended cognition is often made with reference to ‘extended-memory cases’ (e.g. Clark & Chalmers 1998); though, unfortunately, proponents of the hypothesis of extended cognition (HEC) as well as their adversaries have failed to appreciate the kinds of epistemological problems extended-memory cases pose for mainstream thinking in the epistemology of memory. It is time to give these problems a closer look. Our plan is as follows: in §1, we argue that an epistemological theory remains compatible with HEC only if its epistemic assessments do not violate what we call ‘the epistemic parity principle’. In §2, we show how the constraint of respecting the epistemic parity principle stands in what appears to be a prima facie intractable tension with mainstream thinking about cases of propositional memory. We then outline and evaluate in §3 several lines of response.

17 citations


Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...For a sample of proponents of various forms of active externalism, see (Clark & Chalmers (1998); Clark (2007; 2008); Hutchins (1995); Menary (2006; 2007); Theiner (2011); Wheeler (2010), Wilson (2000; 2004)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the similarities and differences between online and offline contexts and factors that influence online content creation and identity are discussed, and a more detailed understanding of the psychological determinants of online content production is required if the potential of Web 2.0 is to be maximised.
Abstract: The unprecedented opportunities for production and collaborative working supported by Web 2.0 technology offer immense potential for active knowledge creation. Research to date has mostly explored the demographic factors that influence production but we argue here that a more detailed understanding of the psychological determinants of online content creation is required if the potential of Web 2.0 is to be maximised. This paper outlines a psychologically driven discussion of the similarities and differences between online and offline contexts and factors that influence online content creation and identity. It demonstrates why a nuanced understanding of the factors that determine not only who produces online content, but what, how and why it is produced is essential to fully appreciate the complexity of the relationship between production and identity. We discuss how situational aspects of the online context and dispositional characteristics of users interact to determine production behaviour and highlight...

17 citations


Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...Human cognition is by its very nature distributed (Dror and Hamad, 2008; Hutchins, 1995), collaborative (Rogers, 1993) and reliant upon constructive interaction (Miyake, 1986) and context dependent....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examines the calculative agencies of an assemblage of algorithms encoded in the testing software for the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies and examines the role of psychometric practices and educational testing theories in the work of sorting and detaching situated practices into equivalence spaces that can be manipulated and transformed by into calculable entities.
Abstract: International Large Scale Assessments have been producing data about educational attainment for over 60 years. More recently however, these assessments as tests have become digitally and computatio...

17 citations


Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...Algorithms are understood as relational entities and the calculative agencies of algorithms in PIAAC are distributed and involve both humans and non-humans (Hutchins, 1995) involved in the assessment process....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose an analysis of intermediaires financiers, en particular travailleurs, and en particulier comprendre leur representation professionnelle des entreprises qu’ils participent a vendre ou a acheter.
Abstract: Resume Un secteur de la finance, peu connu du grand public, a pourtant une activite en forte croissance depuis trente ans. Il est connu sous l’anglicisme « M&A » (Mergers and Acquisitions), ou « fusac » (fusions-acquisitions) en francais. Il est specialise dans la realisation d’achat ou de vente d’entreprises. Les intermediaires accomplissant ces transactions ne sont pas proprietaires des entreprises qu’ils vendent ou achetent. Ils realisent un ensemble de tâches socialement divisees et organisees et possedent des savoir-faire specifiques. Cet article se propose d’analyser ces intermediaires financiers, en tant que travailleurs, et en particulier de comprendre leur representation professionnelle des entreprises qu’ils participent a vendre ou a acheter. Nous montrons que les travailleurs de ce secteur partagent une representation marchande, quantitative et abstraite des entreprises vendues et achetees. A travers une analyse de l’activite, de la rhetorique professionnelle, des processus de socialisation ainsi que de la dynamique des carrieres, l’article montre comment l’homogeneite de cette representation est construite et maintenue.

16 citations


Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"

  • ...…en effet pas seulement à déterminer si l’individu a acquis « une meilleure notion des compétences requises, des tâches à effectuer, des rôles à tenir », mais aussi s’il a ajusté « sa conception de ses aptitudes mentales, physiques et personnelles, ses goûts et dégoûts » (Hughes, 1958, p. 127)....

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  • ...Les travailleurs, qu’ils soient ouvriers (Roy, 2006), soignants (Hughes, 1958), ou pompiers (Weick, 1995), sélectionnent les informations pertinentes pour agir, abandonnant des pans entiers de réalité pour centrer l’attention sur d’autres, à la manière dont un chirurgien appose un champ opératoire…...

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  • ...La question devient alors de comprendre, comme l’ont fait Hughes, Becker et Strauss, à partir de l’étude de « métiers modestes », les processus par lesquels un individu finit par partager « les idées et les affirmations » ou « la philosophie » (Hughes, 1958) du groupe professionnel qu’il rejoint....

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  • ...L’intégration de la conception professionnelle du travail est déterminante pour comprendre ces bifurcations au sein des carrières professionnelles (Hughes, 1958 ; Strauss, 1992)....

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  • ...Mais contrairement à d’autres, qui sont confrontés, dans l’ordre des interactions quotidiennes de leur travail, à des remises en cause de leurs représentations professionnelles (Hughes, 1958), ces intermédiaires financiers ne croisent pas les critiques sociales qui leur sont adressées....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.

628 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Nov 2014
TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.

545 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.

418 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.

360 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.

329 citations