Cognition In The Wild
01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: The cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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TL;DR: The authors argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses and that the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
Abstract: How broad is the class of affordances we can perceive? Affordances (Gibson, 1979/1986) are possibilities for action provided to an animal by the environment—by the substances, surfaces, objects, and other living creatures that surround it. A widespread assumption has been that affordances primarily relate to motor action—to locomotion and manual behaviors such as reaching and grasping. We propose an account of affordances according to which the concept of affordances has a much broader application than has hitherto been supposed. We argue that the affordances an environment offers to an animal are dependent on the skills the animal possesses. By virtue of our many abilities, the landscape of affordances we inhabit as humans is very rich and resourceful.
628 citations
Cites methods from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Researchers concerned with the distributed nature of cognitive processes have made this observation as well, using a very different conceptual framework to describe it (Hutchins, 1995; Perry, 2010)....
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TL;DR: Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding as discussed by the authors, which is a program of research in the learning sciences that I call "situative".
Abstract: This chapter discusses a program of research in the learning sciences that I call “situative.” The defining characteristic of a situative approach is that instead of focusing on individual learners, the main focus of analysis is on activity systems : complex social organizations containing learners, teachers, curriculum materials, software tools, and the physical environment. Over the decades, many psychologists have advocated a study of these larger systems (Dewey, 1896, 1929/1958; Lewin, 1935, 1946/1997; Mead, 1934; Vygotsky, 1987), although they remained outside the mainstream of psychology, which instead focused on individuals. Situative analyses include hypotheses about principles of coordination that support communication and reasoning in activity systems, including construction of meaning and understanding. Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engestrom, 1993; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996). I use the term “situative” because I was introduced to the perspective by scholars who referred to their perspective as situated action (Suchman, 1985), situated cognition (Lave, 1988), or situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). I prefer the term “situative,” a modifier of “perspective,” “analysis,” or “theory,” to “situated,” used to modify “action,” “cognition,” or “learning,” because the latter adjective invites a misconception: that some instances of action, cognition, or learning are situated and others are not. During the 1980s and 1990s these scholars and others provided analyses in which concepts of cognition and learning are relocated at the level of activity systems.
545 citations
Cites background or methods from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engeström, 1993 ; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996)....
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...Material and other informational resources also contribute to the construction of information, in ways investigated in research on distributed cognition (e.g., Hutchins, 1995a) and in social studies of science (e.g., Pickering, 1995)....
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...The problemsolving processes of the lab were distributed throughout the cognitive system, which comprised both the researchers and the cognitive artifacts that they use (cf. Hutchins, 1995a)....
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...For example, Hutchins (1995b) studied remembering in the activity of flying commercial airplanes and gave an analysis of remembering to change the settings of flaps and slats during a descent as an accomplishment of the activity system of the cockpit, including the two pilots along with instruments…...
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...Other terms for the perspective I refer to as situative include sociocultural psychology (Cole, 1996; Rogoff, 1995), activity theory (Engeström, 1993 ; 1999), distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a), and ecological psychology (Gibson, 1979; Reed, 1996)....
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TL;DR: This work argues that advances in digital technologies increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration.
Abstract: The increased digitization of organizational processes and products poses new challenges for understanding product innovation. It also opens new horizons for information systems research. We analyse how ongoing pervasive digitization of product innovation reshapes knowledge creation and sharing in innovation networks. We argue that advances in digital technologies 1 increase innovation network connectivity by reducing communication costs and increasing its reach and scope and 2 increase the speed and scope of digital convergence, which increases network knowledge heterogeneity and need for integration. These developments, in turn, stretch existing innovation networks by redistributing control and increasing the demand for knowledge coordination across time and space presenting novel challenges for knowledge creation, assimilation and integration. Based on this foundation, we distinguish four types of emerging innovation networks supported by digitalization: 1 project innovation networks; 2 clan innovation networks; 3 federated innovation networks; and 4 anarchic innovation networks. Each network involves different cognitive and social translations - or ways of identifying, sharing and assimilating knowledge. We describe the role of five novel properties of digital infrastructures in supporting each type of innovation network: representational flexibility, semantic coherence, temporal and spatial traceability, knowledge brokering and linguistic calibration. We identify several implications for future innovation research. In particular, we focus on the emergence of anarchic network forms that follow full-fledged digital convergence founded on richer innovation ontologies and epistemologies calling to critically re-examine the nature and impact of modularization for innovation.
418 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...Social translations are also involved in the interactions between people and artefacts during innovation (Hutchins, 1995)....
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TL;DR: A blind IQA model is proposed, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison and is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem.
Abstract: This paper investigates how to blindly evaluate the visual quality of an image by learning rules from linguistic descriptions. Extensive psychological evidence shows that humans prefer to conduct evaluations qualitatively rather than numerically. The qualitative evaluations are then converted into the numerical scores to fairly benchmark objective image quality assessment (IQA) metrics. Recently, lots of learning-based IQA models are proposed by analyzing the mapping from the images to numerical ratings. However, the learnt mapping can hardly be accurate enough because some information has been lost in such an irreversible conversion from the linguistic descriptions to numerical scores. In this paper, we propose a blind IQA model, which learns qualitative evaluations directly and outputs numerical scores for general utilization and fair comparison. Images are represented by natural scene statistics features. A discriminative deep model is trained to classify the features into five grades, corresponding to five explicit mental concepts, i.e., excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad. A newly designed quality pooling is then applied to convert the qualitative labels into scores. The classification framework is not only much more natural than the regression-based models, but also robust to the small sample size problem. Thorough experiments are conducted on popular databases to verify the model’s effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness.
360 citations
TL;DR: The current state of the descriptive information-processing model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics are reviewed.
Abstract: About a decade ago, psychology of the arts started to gain momentum owing to a number of drives: technological progress improved the conditions under which art could be studied in the laboratory, neuroscience discovered the arts as an area of interest, and new theories offered a more comprehensive look at aesthetic experiences. Ten years ago, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) proposed a descriptive information-processing model of the components that integrate an aesthetic episode. This theory offered explanations for modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness, and for the diverse aesthetic experiences it can stimulate. In addition, it described how information is processed over the time course of an aesthetic episode, within and over perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Here, we review the current state of the model, and its relation to the major topics in empirical aesthetics today, including the nature of aesthetic emotions, the role of context, and the neural and evolutionary foundations of art and aesthetics.
329 citations
Cites background from "Cognition In The Wild"
...By highlighting the role of contextual factors on aesthetic experience, themodelwas alignedwith the growing realization that cognition is contextually situated (Clark, 1997; Hutchins, 1995), and with evidence showing that presentation format influences interest and liking ratings of artworks, even though it has little effect on formal features, such as complexity or composition (Locher et al....
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...…of contextual factors on aesthetic experience, themodelwas alignedwith the growing realization that cognition is contextually situated (Clark, 1997; Hutchins, 1995), and with evidence showing that presentation format influences interest and liking ratings of artworks, even though it has little…...
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the skills of operating automated manufacturing machines of the C19th century as craft practices, employing externally powered and automated tools around which new cultures of practice emerged, were explored.
Abstract: This paper seeks to understand the skills of operating automated manufacturing machines of the C19th as craft practices, employing externally powered and automated tools around which new cultures of practice emerged. We draw upon situated/embodied/enactive/extended/distributed (SEEED) approaches to cognition to explicate the sensibilities of these practices, as well as the history of science and technology, Anthropology, STS and related fields. Our case study is a body of work focused on embodied/ embedded knowledge in the textile industry – specifically in the making of machine lace. We conclude with a proposal for multi-modal museum exhibits that provide an understanding of know-how, kinesthetic/proprioceptive skills and procedures. The authors are both long term practitioners of crafts, both traditional and industrial (see bios). This experience informs the research at every step.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore what gives collective testimony its epistemic credentials, through a critical discussion of three competing accounts of the epistemology of collective testimony, and argue that this last account holds the most promise for preserving what is distinctive about testimonial knowledge.
Abstract: Abstract In this paper, I explore what gives collective testimony its epistemic credentials, through a critical discussion of three competing accounts of the epistemology of collective testimony. According to the first view, collective testimony inherits its epistemic credentials from the beliefs the testimony expresses—where this can be seen either as the beliefs of all or some of the group’s members, or as the beliefs of group itself. The second view denies any necessary connection to belief, claiming instead that the epistemic credentials of collective testimony derive from the reliability or truth-conduciveness of the statement that expresses the testimony. Finally, the third view claims that the epistemic credentials of collective testimony derive from the fact that it involves undertaking a collective commitment to trustworthiness, which makes the group susceptible to rebuke and blame if its testimony is not trustworthy. I argue that this last account holds the most promise for preserving what is distinctive about testimonial knowledge while still underwriting a robust epistemology of collective testimony.
2 citations
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: A new view of information systems is proposed, cognitive requirements for a human-centered information space are discussed, and an international research community is catalyzed to rethink the nature of information as a basis for radically advancing the human- centered design of information-based work.
Abstract: The historical moment when a person worked in front of a single computer has passed. Computers are now ubiquitous and embedded in virtually every new device and system, connecting our personal and professional activities to ever-expanding information resources with previously unimaginable computational power. Yet with all the increases in capacity, speed, and connectivity, our experiences too often remain difficult, awkward, and frustrating. Even after six decades of design evolution there is little of the naturalness and contextual sensitivity required for convivial interaction with computer-mediated information. We envision a future in which the existing world of documents and applications is linked to a multiscale personalized information space in which dynamic visual entities behave in accordance with cognitivelymotivated rules sensitive to tasks, personal and group interaction histories, and context. The heart of the project is to rethink the nature of computer-mediated information as a basis to begin to fully realize the potential of computers to assist information-based activities. This requires challenging fundamental presuppositions that have led to today’s walled gardens and information silos. Our goal is to catalyze an international research community to rethink the nature of information as a basis for radically advancing the human-centered design of information-based work and helping to ensure the future is one of convivial, effective, and humane systems. In this paper, we propose a new view of information systems, discuss cognitive requirements for a human-centered information space, and sketch a research agenda and approach. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). Programming ’20, March 23–26, 2020, Porto, Portugal © 2020 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-7507-8/20/07. https://doi.org/10.1145/3397537.3397542 CCS CONCEPTS •General and reference→Design; •Human-centered computing → HCI theory, concepts and models; Interaction paradigms.
2 citations
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: The authors traces a historical evolution in philosophy from the former view to the later, considering in turn Plato, Descartes, Kant, Husserl, Schutz, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Tomasello, and Vygotsky.
Abstract: The term “intersubjectivity” is ambiguous. It can refer to the problem of how two or more minds can interrelate: understand each other and work together from their individual cognitive positions. It can also refer to a form of joint cognition that is shared by a group and transcends, unifies, or even founds the cognition of the participating individuals. This Investigation traces a historical evolution in philosophy from the former view to the later, considering in turn Plato, Descartes, Kant, Husserl, Schutz, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Tomasello, and Vygotsky. It proposes a view of intersubjectivity as group cognition, appropriate to CSCW and CSCL, illustrated with a CSCW example of paired programming and a CSCL example from online collaborative geometry.
2 citations
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, two prototypical reference applications for demonstrations and hands-on exercises for previous identified e-science user stereotypes with special attention to the overall user experience to meet the users' expectation and way-of-working are outlined within this book chapter.
Abstract: Handling Big Data requires new techniques with regard to data access, integration, analysis, information visualization, perception, interaction, and insight within innovative and successful information strategies supporting informed decision making. After deriving and qualitatively evaluating the conceptual IVIS4BigData Reference Model as well as defining a Service-Oriented Architecture, two prototypical reference applications for demonstrations and hands-on exercises for previous identified e-Science user stereotypes with special attention to the overall user experience to meet the users’ expectation and way-of-working will be outlined within this book chapter. In this way and based on the requirements as well as data know-how and other expert know-how of an international leading automotive original equipment manufacturer and a leading international player in industrial automation, two specific industrial Big Data analysis application scenarios (anomaly detection on car-to-cloud data and (predictive maintenance analysis on robotic sensor data) will be utilized to demonstrate the practical applicability of the IVIS4BigData Reference Model and proof this applicability through a comprehensive evaluation. By instantiation of an IVIS4BigData infrastructure and its exemplary prototypical proof-of-concept reference implementation, both application scenarios aim at performing anomaly detection on real-world data that empowers different end user stereotypes in the automotive and robotics application domain to gain insight from car-to-cloud as well as from robotic sensor data.
2 citations