Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.
TL;DR: This chapter mainly introduces the methods and technology of cognitive-behavior therapy of substance addiction, especially in order to prevent relapse.
Abstract: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the main method of psychotherapy generally accepted in the field of substance addiction and non-substance addiction. This chapter mainly introduces the methods and technology of cognitive-behavior therapy of substance addiction, especially in order to prevent relapse. In the cognitive-behavior treatment of non-substance addiction, this chapter mainly introduces gambling addiction and food addiction.
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TL;DR: A meta-analysis of all RCTs of CBT for OCD using the interview-based Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, published 1993 to 2014 finds that CBT was significantly better than antidepressant medication, but the combination of CBTs and medication was not significantly better.
401 citations
Cites methods or result from "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy."
...The most recent meta-analysis on the effects of psychological treatments for OCD was carried out by Olatunji, Davis, Powers, and Smits (2013)....
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...In accordance with previous, considerably smaller meta-analyses on cognitive behavioral treatment of OCD (e.g. Abramowitz, 1996; Olatunji et al., 2013; Rosa-Alcázar et al., 2008) the results supported the effectiveness of ERP with or without cognitive therapy elements in reducing obsessive–compulsive symptoms....
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...All studies were evaluated on methodological aspects by using the psychotherapy outcome study methodology rating scale developed by Öst (2008). The 20 year inclusion period from 1993 to 2014was divided in two 10 year time periods in order to study changes inmethodological quality as an effect of time....
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TL;DR: Questions about the rate and timing of dropout from CBT, with specific reference to pretreatment versus during treatment phases are answered, and possible clinical applications include careful choice and supplementing of treatment setting/delivery according to the diagnosis, and use of preparatory strategies.
Abstract: In this era of insistence on evidence-based treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as a highly preferred choice for a spectrum of psychological disorders. Yet, it is by no means immune to some of the vagaries of client participation. Special concerns arise when clients drop out f
306 citations
TL;DR: The metaregressions indicating that the effects of CBT have declined linearly and steadily since its introduction indicated that modern CBT clinical trials seemingly provided less relief from depressive symptoms as compared with the seminal trials.
Abstract: A meta-analysis examining temporal changes (time trends) in the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for unipolar depression was conducted. A comprehensive search of psychotherapy trials yielded 70 eligible studies from 1977 to 2014. Effect sizes (ES) were quantified as Hedge's g based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Rates of remission were also registered. The publication year of each study was examined as a linear metaregression predictor of ES, and as part of a 2-way interaction with other moderators (Year × Moderator). The average ES of the BDI was 1.58 (95% CI [1.43, 1.74]), and 1.69 for the HRSD (95% CI [1.48, 1.89]). Subgroup analyses revealed that women profited more from therapy than did men (p < .05). Experienced psychologists (g = 1.55) achieved better results (p < .01) than less experienced student therapists (g = 0.98). The metaregressions examining the temporal trends indicated that the effects of CBT have declined linearly and steadily since its introduction, as measured by patients' self-reports (the BDI, p < .001), clinicians' ratings (the HRSD, p < .01) and rates of remission (p < .01). Subgroup analyses confirmed that the declining trend was present in both within-group (pre/post) designs (p < .01) and controlled trial designs (p = .02). Thus, modern CBT clinical trials seemingly provided less relief from depressive symptoms as compared with the seminal trials. Potential causes and possible implications for future studies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
250 citations
TL;DR: Mixed effects of mind-body therapies on circulating inflammatory markers, including CRP and IL-6, and on measures of stimulated cytokine production are shown, and potential mechanisms for these effects are discussed, including alterations in neuroendocrine, neural, and psychological and behavioral processes.
Abstract: The use of mind-body therapies, including Tai Chi, Qigong, yoga, and meditation, has grown steadily in recent years. These approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life, and research has begun to examine the impact of these therapies on biological processes, including inflammation. A review of 26 randomized controlled trials was conducted to describe the effects of mind-body therapies (MBTs) on circulating, cellular, and genomic markers of inflammation. This qualitative evaluation showed mixed effects of MBTs on circulating inflammatory markers, including CRP and IL-6, and on measures of stimulated cytokine production. More consistent findings were seen for genomic markers, with trials showing decreased expression of inflammation-related genes and reduced signaling through the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Potential mechanisms for these effects are discussed, including alterations in neuroendocrine, neural, and psychological and behavioral processes.
225 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that dropout from PE/CPT is a serious problem and highlight the need for additional research that can guide the development of interventions to improve PE/ CPT engagement and adherence.
Abstract: Emerging data suggest that few veterans are initiating prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and dropout levels are high among those who do start the therapies. The goal of this study was to use a large sample of veterans seen in routine clinical care to 1) report the percent of eligible and referred veterans who (a) initiated PE/CPT, (b) dropped out of PE/CPT, (c) were early PE/CPT dropouts, 2) examine predictors of PE/CPT initiation, and 3) examine predictors of early and late PE/CPT dropout. We extracted data from the medical records of 427 veterans who were offered PE/CPT following an intake at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) PTSD Clinical Team. Eighty-two percent (n = 351) of veterans initiated treatment by attending Session 1 of PE/CPT; among those veterans, 38.5% (n = 135) dropped out of treatment. About one quarter of veterans who dropped out were categorized as early dropouts (dropout before Session 3). No significant predictors of initiation were identified. Age was a significant predictor of treatment dropout; younger veterans were more likely to drop out of treatment than older veterans. Therapy type was also a significant predictor of dropout; veterans receiving PE were more likely to drop out late than veterans receiving CPT. Findings demonstrate that dropout from PE/CPT is a serious problem and highlight the need for additional research that can guide the development of interventions to improve PE/CPT engagement and adherence.
218 citations
References
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual, Fifth Edition, is a valuable reference to help bridge this gap and is provided in this piece.
Abstract: The Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual, Fifth Edition, is a valuable reference to help bridge this gap. posttraumatic stress disorder: rationale, clinical and neurobiological evidence, and D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders, 5 th. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual, 5th ed. Because this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided. He is the Thaddeus L. Bolton Professor of Psychology and the Director of the In D. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders (5th edition, pp. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders, Fifth Edition: A step-bystep treatment manual.
137 citations