Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Biology, Ecology, and Management

doi:10.1080/07352680490505114

Home
/
Papers
/
Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Biology, Ecology, and Management

Journal Article•DOI•

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Biology, Ecology, and Management

Gregory E. MacDonald¹•Institutions (1)

University of Florida¹

01 Sep 2004-Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 23, Iss: 5, pp 367-380

TL;DR: Cogongrass is a major impediment to reforestation efforts in southeast Asia, the number one weed in agronomic and vegetable production in many parts of Africa, and is responsible for thousands of hectares of lost native habitat in the southeastern U.S.

read less

Abstract: Cogongrass is considered to be one of the ten most troublesome and problematic weedy species in the world. This species is found throughout tropical and subtropical regions, generally in areas dist...

...read moreread less

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Restoration of Degraded Tropical Forest Landscapes

[...]

David Lamb¹, David Lamb², Peter D. Erskine¹, Peter D. Erskine², John A. Parrotta¹, John A. Parrotta² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

University of Queensland¹, United States Department of Agriculture²

09 Dec 2005-Science

TL;DR: The current scale of deforestation in tropical regions and the large areas of degraded lands now present underscore the urgent need to restore biodiversity, ecological functioning, and the supply of goods and ecological services previously used by poor rural communities.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The current scale of deforestation in tropical regions and the large areas of degraded lands now present underscore the urgent need for interventions to restore biodiversity, ecological functioning, and the supply of goods and ecological services previously used by poor rural communities. Traditional timber plantations have supplied some goods but have made only minor contributions to fulfilling most of these other objectives. New approaches to reforestation are now emerging, with potential for both overcoming forest degradation and addressing rural poverty.

...read moreread less

1,232 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Interactions among Amazon land use, forests and climate: prospects for a near-term forest tipping point

[...]

Daniel C. Nepstad¹, Claudia M Stickler², Claudia M Stickler¹, Britaldo Soares Filho³, Frank Merry¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

Woods Hole Research Center¹, Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment², Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais³

27 May 2008-Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

TL;DR: Several important trends could prevent a near-term forest dieback as fire-sensitive investments accumulate in the landscape, property holders use less fire and invest more in fire control, and emerging carbon market incentives for reductions in deforestation could support these trends.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Some model experiments predict a large-scale substitution of Amazon forest by savannah-like vegetation by the end of the twenty-first century. Expanding global demands for biofuels and grains, positive feedbacks in the Amazon forest fire regime and drought may drive a faster process of forest degradation that could lead to a near-term forest dieback. Rising worldwide demands for biofuel and meat are creating powerful new incentives for agro-industrial expansion into Amazon forest regions. Forest fires, drought and logging increase susceptibility to further burning while deforestation and smoke can inhibit rainfall, exacerbating fire risk. If sea surface temperature anomalies (such as

...read moreread less

614 citations

Cites background from "Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Bi..."

...The potential of grasses to displace extensive areas of forest is best exemplified in Southeast Asia, where a single grass species (Imperata cylindrica) now dominates soils once covered by moist tropical forest across approximately 300 000 km(2) (MacDonald 2004)....
[...]
...The potential of grasses to displace extensive areas of forest is best exemplified in Southeast Asia, where a single grass species (Imperata cylindrica) now dominates soils once covered by moist tropical forest across approximately 300 000 km2 (MacDonald 2004)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Climate change increases risk of plant invasion in the Eastern United States

[...]

Bethany A. Bradley¹, Bethany A. Bradley², David S. Wilcove¹, Michael Oppenheimer¹•Institutions (2)

Princeton University¹, Amherst College²

01 Jan 2010-Biological Invasions

TL;DR: Bioclimatic envelope modeling is used to assess current climatic habitat, or lands climatically suitable for invasion, for three of the most dominant and aggressive invasive plants in the southeast United States: kudzu, privet, and cogongrass, and an ensemble of 12 atmosphere-ocean general circulation models are used to project changes in Climatic habitat for the three invasive species by 2100.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Invasive plant species threaten native ecosystems, natural resources, and managed lands worldwide. Climate change may increase risk from invasive plant species as favorable climate conditions allow invaders to expand into new ranges. Here, we use bioclimatic envelope modeling to assess current climatic habitat, or lands climatically suitable for invasion, for three of the most dominant and aggressive invasive plants in the southeast United States: kudzu (Pueraria lobata), privet (Ligustrum sinense; L. vulgare), and cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica). We define climatic habitat using both the Maxent and Mahalanobis distance methodologies, and we define the best climatic predictors based on variables that best ‘constrain’ species distributions and variables that ‘release’ the most land area if excluded. We then use an ensemble of 12 atmosphere-ocean general circulation models to project changes in climatic habitat for the three invasive species by 2100. The combined methodologies, predictors, and models produce a robust assessment of invasion risk inclusive of many of the approaches typically used individually to assess climate change impacts. Current invasion risk is widespread in southeastern states for all three species, although cogongrass invasion risk is more restricted to the Gulf Coast. Climate change is likely to enable all three species to greatly expand their ranges. Risk from privet and kudzu expands north into Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and New England states by 2100. Risk from cogongrass expands as far north as Kentucky and Virginia. Heightened surveillance and prompt eradication of small pockets of invasion in northern states should be a management priority.

...read moreread less

268 citations

Cites background from "Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Bi..."

...In the western United States, for example, Bradley (2009b) used climatic habitat predictor variables to hypothesize that spring and summer precipitation affect invasive cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) Fig....
[...]
...Despite the threat of invasion, privet species are still widely planted for landscaping throughout the United States....
[...]
...Distribution data were collected through an online mapping interface (http://invasive. princeton.edu) where users submitted estimates of invasive plant abundance within one-quarter USGS quadrangles (*36 km2) across the Southeastern United States....
[...]
...Privet was planted extensively in the United States beginning in 1852 as an ornamental hedge; however, it quickly escaped cultivation....
[...]
...southeast United States (Bryson and Carter 1993; MacDonald 2004), where it crowds out native plant species (MacDonald 2004)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

An Operational framework for defining and monitoring forest degradation

[...]

Ian D. Thompson, Manuel R. Guariguata, Kimiko Okabe, Carlos Bahamondez, Robert Nasi, Victoria Heymell, César Sabogal - Show less +3 more

01 Jun 2013-Ecology and Society

TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that there are types of forest degradation that produce a continuum of decline in provision of ecosystem services, from those in primary forests through various forms of managed forests to deforestation.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Forest degradation is broadly defined as a reduction in the capacity of a forest to produce ecosystem services such as carbon storage and wood products as a result of anthropogenic and environmental changes. The main causes of degradation include unsustainable logging, agriculture, invasive species, fire, fuelwood gathering, and livestock grazing. Forest degradation is widespread and has become an important consideration in global policy processes that deal with biodiversity, climate change, and forest management. There is, however, no generally recognized way to identify a degraded forest because perceptions of forest degradation vary depending on the cause, the particular goods or services of interest, and the temporal and spatial scales considered. Here, we suggest that there are types of forest degradation that produce a continuum of decline in provision of ecosystem services, from those in primary forests through various forms of managed forests to deforestation. Forest degradation must be measured against a desired baseline condition, and the types of degradation can be represented using five criteria that relate to the drivers of degradation, loss of ecosystem services and sustainable management, including: productivity, biodiversity, unusual disturbances, protective functions, and carbon storage. These criteria are not meant to be equivalent and some might be considered more important than others, depending on the local forest management objectives. We propose a minimum subset of seven indicators for the five criteria that should be assessed to determine forest degradation under a sustainable ecosystem management regime. The indicators can be remotely sensed (although improving calibration requires ground work) and aggregated from stand to management unit or landscape levels and ultimately to sub-national and national scales.

...read moreread less

223 citations

Cites background from "Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Bi..."

...Recovery of the original forest state is unlikely without management (e.g., Gunderson 2000, Macdonald 2004)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Grass-dominated vegetation, not species-diverse natural savanna, replaces degraded tropical forests on the southern edge of the Amazon Basin

[...]

Joseph W. Veldman¹, Francis E. Putz¹•Institutions (1)

University of Florida¹

01 May 2011-Biological Conservation

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors distinguish between species-diverse natural savannas and other types of fire-maintained grass-dominated vegetation that replaced tropical forests between 1986 and 2005 in 22,500 km 2 of eastern lowland Bolivia.

...read moreread less

110 citations

Cites background from "Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Bi..."

..., Lippincott, 2000); it is considered one of the most invasive plants in the world (MacDonald, 2004)....
[...]

1
2
3
4
…
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

Collapse

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory

[...]

J. P. Grime

01 Nov 1977-The American Naturalist

TL;DR: A triangular model based upon the three strategies of evolution in plants may be reconciled with the theory of r- and K-selection, provides an insight into the processes of vegetation succession and dominance, and appears to be capable of extension to fungi and to animals.

...read moreread less

Abstract: It is suggested that evolution in plants may be associated with the emergence of three primary strategies, each of which may be identified by reference to a number of characteristics including morphological features, resource allocation, phenology, and response to stress. The competitive strategy prevails in productive, relatively undisturbed vegetation, the stress-tolerant strategy is associated with continuously unproductive conditions, and the ruderal strategy is characteristic of severely disturbed but potentially productive habitats. A triangular model based upon the three strategies may be reconciled with the theory of r- and K-selection, provides an insight into the processes of vegetation succession and dominance, and appears to be capable of extension to fungi and to animals.

...read moreread less

4,907 citations

"Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Bi..." refers background in this paper

...He further suggested (based on earlier work; Grime, 1977) that cogongrass seedlings are defined as R-strategist (ruderal), invading open patches in disturbed habitats, whereas rhizomes from established stands of cogongrass are more defined as a C-strategist (competitor) that can persist in…...
[...]

Book•

The world's worst weeds : distribution and biology

[...]

Leroy G. Holm, D. L. Plucknett, J. V. Pancho, J. P. Herberger

14 Feb 1977

2,160 citations

"Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—Bi..." refers background in this paper

...Cogongrass is used as occasional livestock feed for cattle, goats, camels and sheep (Holm et al., 1977)....
[...]
...Holm et al. (1977) and Bryson and Carter (1993) provide a detailed botanical description of cogongrass floral structure and the following descriptions are derived from these works....
[...]
...The leaves are slender, flat and linear-lanceolate, possessing serrated margins and an off-center prominent white mid-rib (Hall, 1978; Holm et al., 1977; Terry et al., 1997)....
[...]
...Rhizome formation in seedling plants is somewhat controversial; Holm et al. (1977) 367 reported rhizome development occurred 4 weeks after germination, whereas Shilling et al. (1997) reported formation at 8 weeks after germination....
[...]
...Holm et al. (1977) rank it as the seventh worst weed in the world and report over 100 common names associated with the species....
[...]

Manual of Grasses of the United States.

[...]

Albert Spear Hitchcock

01 Jan 1951

TL;DR: The grasses of the United States are described in detail in this manual, which is intended to be a guide to gardener’s aid in the management of weeds.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Manual of the grasses of the United States , Manual of the grasses of the United States , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

...read moreread less

1,430 citations

Book•

Manual of the grasses of the United States

[...]

Albert Spear Hitchcock

01 Jan 1935

TL;DR: Manual of the grasses of the United States as discussed by the authors, Manual of the Grasses of United States, Manual of Grasses, United States of the USA, 1998, Section 7.1.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Manual of the grasses of the United States , Manual of the grasses of the United States , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

...read moreread less

1,182 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The Imperata grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology

[...]

D. P. Garrity, M. Soekardi, M. van Noordwijk, R. de la Cruz¹, P. S. Pathak², H. P. M. Gunasena³, N. van So⁴, G. Huijun⁵, Nik Muhamad Nik Ab. Majid - Show less +5 more•Institutions (5)

University of the Philippines¹, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute², University of Peradeniya³, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad⁴, Kunming Institute of Botany⁵

01 Dec 1996-Agroforestry Systems

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generated estimates of the area of Imperata grasslands in tropical Asia, and suggested a typology of grasslands that may be useful to define the pathways toward appropriate land use intensification.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The rehabilitation or intensified use of Imperata grasslands will require a much better understanding of their area, distribution, and characteristics We generated estimates of the area of Imperata grasslands in tropical Asia, and suggested a typology of Imperata grasslands that may be useful to define the pathways toward appropriate land use intensification We conclude that the area of Imperata grasslands in Asia is about 35 million ha This about 4% of the total land area The countries with the largest area of Imperata grasslands are Indonesia (85 million ha) and India (80 million ha) Those with the largest proportion of their surface area covered with Imperata are Sri Lanka (23%), the Philippines (17%), and Vietnam (9%) Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and Bangladesh evidently all have similar proportions of their land area infested with Imperata (about 3 to 4%) Malaysia (< 1%), Cambodia (1%), and the southern part of China (2%) have but a minor proportion of their total land area in Imperata The species was found widely distributed on the full range of soil orders It occupied both fertile (eg some of the Inceptisols and Andisols) and infertile soils (Ultisols and Oxisols) across a wide range of climates and elevations Imperata lands fall into four mapping scale-related categories: Mega-grasslands, itmacro-grasslands, meso-grasslands, and micro-grasslands The mega-grasslands are often referred to as ‘sheet Imperata’ They are the large contiguous areas of Imperata that would appear on small-scale maps of say 1:1,000,000 We propose that this basic typology be supplemented with a number of additional components that have a key influence on intensification pathways: land quality, market access, and the source of power for tillage The typology was applied in a case study of Indonesian villages in the vicinity of Imperata grasslands We propose an international initiative to map and derive a more complete and uniform picture of the area of the Imperata grasslands This should include selected studies to understand conditions at the local level These are critical to build the appreciation of change agents for the indigenous systems of resource exploitation, and how they relate to local needs, values and constraints

...read moreread less

193 citations