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Journal ArticleDOI

Coherent correlated states and low-energy nuclear reactions in non stationary systems

05 Aug 2013-European Physical Journal A (Springer Berlin Heidelberg)-Vol. 49, Iss: 8, pp 99
TL;DR: In this paper, the universal mechanism of optimization of low-energy nuclear reactions on the basis of coherent correlated states of interacting particles is discussed and the formation of these states is the result of the special nonstationary low energy action to any one of these interacting particles.
Abstract: In this paper the universal mechanism of optimization of low-energy nuclear reactions on the basis of coherent correlated states of interacting particles is discussed. The formation of these states is the result of the special nonstationary low-energy action to any one of these interacting particles. We have considered the peculiarities and investigated the efficiency of the creation of a correlated state under monotonous or periodic action on the particle that is situated in the parabolic potential. This method is shown to lead to the rapid formation of a strongly correlated particle state that provides an almost complete clearing of the potential barrier even for a narrow range of oscillator frequency variations. The successful low-energy fusion experiment based on the use of correlated states of interacting particles at laser irradiation is discussed.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that correlated coherent states of a particle in a parabolic potential well at its monotonic deformation (expansion or compression) in finite limits have been considered in the presence of dissipation and a stochastic force, which corresponds at a low energy of the particle to a very significant (by a factor of 1050-10100 or larger) increase in the transparency of the potential barrier at its interaction with atoms (nuclei) forming the “walls or other atoms located in the same well.
Abstract: The features of the formation of correlated coherent states of a particle in a parabolic potential well at its monotonic deformation (expansion or compression) in finite limits have been considered in the presence of dissipation and a stochastic force. It has been shown that, in both deformation regimes, a correlated coherent state is rapidly formed with a large correlation coefficient |r| → 1, which corresponds at a low energy of the particle to a very significant (by a factor of 1050–10100 or larger) increase in the transparency of the potential barrier at its interaction with atoms (nuclei) forming the “walls” of the potential well or other atoms located in the same well. The efficiency of the formation of correlated coherent states, as well as |r|, increases with an increase in the deformation interval and with a decrease in the deformation time. The presence of the stochastic force acting on the particle can significantly reduce the maximum |r| value and result in the fast relaxation of correlated coherent states with |r| → 0. The effect of dissipation in real systems is weaker than the action of the stochastic force. It has been shown that the formation of correlated coherent states at the fast expansion of the well can underlie the mechanism of nuclear reactions at a low energy, e.g., in microcracks developing in the bulk of metal hydrides loaded with hydrogen or deuterium, as well as in a low-pressure plasma in a variable magnetic field in which the motion of ions is similar to a harmonic oscillator with a variable frequency.

21 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the universal mechanism of optimization of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) on the basis of coherent correlated states (CCS) of interacting particles is discussed and several successful LENR experiments based on CCS are discussed.
Abstract: In this article, the universal mechanism of optimization of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) on the basis of coherent correlated states (CCS) of interacting particles is discussed. Formation of these states is the result of special nonstationary low energy action to parameters of potential well containing interacting particles. It was shown that in real nuclear-physical systems usage of CCS leads to sharp growth (up to 10 30 -10 100 and more) of Coulomb barrier penetrability at very low energy of interacting particles. Several successful LENR experiments based on CCS are discussed.

19 citations


Cites background from "Coherent correlated states and low-..."

  • ...From the presented data it follows that eqs (7) and (8) are the sufficiently close approximations of real change of very small tunneling probability ( , ) D x r and the relative error of such approximation 0 | ln ( , ) ln | / r D x r D   | ln ( , )| 1 D x r  is small, if ( , ) 1....

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  • ...2 ( , ) ( , *) ( , ) 1 , W E W E W E r       (7)...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the evolution of the most general initial Gaussian packet with nonzero correlation coefficient between the coordinate and momentum operators in the presence of a repulsive deltapotential barrier, using the known exact propagator of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation.
Abstract: We study the evolution of the most general initial Gaussian packet with nonzero correlation coefficient between the coordinate and momentum operators in the presence of a repulsive delta-potential barrier, using the known exact propagator of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. For the initial packet localized far enough from the barrier, we define the transmission coefficient as the probability of discovering the particle in the whole semi-axis on the other side of the barrier. It appears that the asymptotical transmission coefficient (calculated in the large time limit) depends on two dimensionless parameters: the normalized ratio of the potential strength to the initial mean value of momentum and the ratio of the initial momentum dispersion to the initial mean value of momentum. For small values of the second parameter, the result is reduced to the well-known formula for the transparency of the delta barrier, obtained in the plane-wave approximation by solving the stationary Schrodinger equation. For large values of the second parameter, the transmission coefficient can be much larger than that calculated in the plane-wave approximation. For a fixed initial spread of the packet in the coordinate space, the initial correlation coefficient influences the transparency of the barrier only indirectly, through the increase in the initial momentum dispersion.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the formation of correlated coherent states of low-energy particles in a parabolic potential well owing to the full-scale low-frequency modulation ω(t) = ω0sinΩt of the parameters of this well has been considered.
Abstract: A method for the formation of correlated coherent states of low-energy particles in a parabolic potential well owing to the full-scale low-frequency modulation ω(t) = ω0sinΩt of the parameters of this well has been considered. It has been shown that such a modulation in the absence of a stochastic force acting on a particle results in the fast formation of correlated coherent states and in an increase in the correlation coefficient and transparency of the potential barrier to the limiting values |r(t)|max → 1 and D → 1. The presence of the stochastic force significantly affects the evolution of correlated coherent states, decreasing the rate of an increase in the correlation coefficient |r(t)|max (at Ω ≤ 10−4ω0) and limiting it at the level |r(∞)|max < 1 (at Ω = (0.001–0.1)ω0); |r(∞)|max increases with a decrease in the frequency of modulation and decreases with an increase in the intensity of the stochastic force. It has been shown that, at a realistic relation between the parameters, low-frequency modulation can ensure such |r|max value that the transparency of the potential barrier for low-energy particles increases by a factor of 1050–10100 or larger. The mechanism of the formation of correlated coherent states for charged particles in a gas or a low-pressure plasma placed in a low-frequency magnetic field has been considered. We have determined the relation between the magnetic field strength and modulation frequency, as well as the relation between the temperature and density of the gas (plasma), at which the method under consideration can be used to optimize nuclear reactions at low energies.

17 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical description of the many-body dynamical electronic response of solids is presented, which underlines the existence of various collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces.
Abstract: Collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces are well known to play a key role in a wide spectrum of science, ranging from physics and materials science to biology. Here we focus on a theoretical description of the many-body dynamical electronic response of solids, which underlines the existence of various collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces, such as the conventional surface plasmon, multipole plasmons and the recently predicted acoustic surface plasmon. We also review existing calculations, experimental measurements and applications.

1,316 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized Heisenberg-type uncertainty relation is obtained for two arbitrary operators both in the case of pure and of mixed states, and as a rule equality is found to hold for pure quantum state only.

265 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the relation between the correlation factor of particles and the probability of their passage through the potential barrier (including that in nuclear reactions) in nonstationary quantum systems and found the optimal regime for parametric excitation of a harmonic oscillator, in which the asymptotic formation of the correlated state of particles takes place, the dispersion of their coordinates increases manifold, and the barrier transparency becomes many orders of magnitude higher at a low energy of interacting particles.
Abstract: Premises for the formation of a correlated coherent state of particles in nonstationary quantum systems are considered. The relation between the correlation factor of particles and the probability of their passage through the potential barrier (including that in nuclear reactions) is analyzed. The optimal regime for parametric excitation of a harmonic oscillator is found, in which the asymptotic formation of the correlated state of particles takes place, the dispersion of their coordinates increases manifold, and the barrier transparency becomes many orders of magnitude higher at a low energy of interacting particles.

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the degree of particle correlation on the probability of their passage through the Coulomb barrier for the realization of nuclear reactions at low energies is studied. But the authors consider prerequisites and investigate some optimal methods for the formation of a correlated coherent state of interacting particles in nonstationary systems.
Abstract: We consider prerequisites and investigate some optimal methods for the formation of a correlated coherent state of interacting particles in nonstationary systems. We study the influence of the degree of particle correlation on the probability of their passage through the Coulomb barrier for the realization of nuclear reactions at low energies. For such processes, the tunneling probability and, accordingly, the probability of nuclear reactions can grow by many orders of magnitude (in particular, the barrier transparency increases from Dr = 0 ≈ 10−42 for an uncorrelated state to D|r| = 0.98 ≈ 0.1 at a correlation coefficient |r| ≈ 0.98). The formation of a correlated particle state is considered in detail for different types of monotonic decrease in the frequency of a harmonic oscillator with the particle located in its parabolic field. For the first time, we have considered the peculiarities and investigated the efficiency of the creation of a correlated state under a periodic action on a harmonic oscillator. This method is shown to lead to rapid formation of a strongly correlated particle state that provides an almost complete clearing of the potential barrier even for a narrow range of oscillator frequency variations.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the formation of coherent correlated states (CCS) of a particle in a periodically modulated harmonic oscillator with damping for various types of stochastic perturbation.
Abstract: We consider peculiarities in the formation of a coherent correlated state (CCS) of a particle in a periodically modulated harmonic oscillator with damping for various types of stochastic perturbation. It is shown that in the absence of stochastic perturbation, an optimal relation exists between the damping parameter (damping coefficient) and the modulation depth, for which the “extrinsic” characteristics of the oscillator (amplitudes of “classical” oscillation and the momentum of a particle) remain unchanged, while the correlation coefficient rapidly increases from |r| = 0 to |r|max ≈ 1; this corresponds to a completely correlated coherent state. Under nonoptimal conditions, the formation of the CCS with a simultaneous increase in is accompanied by damping or excitation of the oscillator. It is shown that for a certain relation between the damping coefficient and the modulation depth, the presence of a stochastic external force acting on the nonstationary oscillator does not prevent the formation of a CCS with |r|max → 1. A fundamentally different effect is observed under a stochastic influence on the nonstationary frequency of the oscillator; this effect always limits the value of |r| at a level |r|max < 1; a CCR cannot be formed with an unlimited increase in its intensity, and |r|max → 0. The influence of the CCS formation on the averaged probability 〈D〉 of the tunnel effect (transparency of the potential barrier) is considered for a particle in an oscillator with damping both in the absence and in the presence of a stochastic force. It is shown using a specific example that complete clearing of the potential barrier and the increase in the barrier transparency from the initial value 〈Dr=0〉 = 10−80 to 〈D〉 ≈ 1 can occur over a comparatively short time interval in both these cases. These effects can be used to obtain highly efficient nuclear fusion at a low energy of interacting particles.

26 citations