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Collisions for Hash Functions MD4, MD5, HAVAL-128 and RIPEMD

TL;DR: In 1993 Bert den Boer and Antoon Bosselaers found pseudo-collision for MD5 which is made of the same message with two different sets of initial value.
Abstract: MD5 is the hash function designed by Ron Rivest [9] as a strengthened version of MD4[8]. In 1993 Bert den Boer and Antoon Bosselaers [1] found pseudo-collision for MD5 which is made of the same message with two different sets of initial value. H. Dobbertin[3] found another kind of collision which consists of two different 512-bit messages with a chosen initial value I

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Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
14 Aug 2005
TL;DR: This is the first attack on the full 80-step SHA-1 with complexity less than the 280 theoretical bound, and it is shown that collisions ofSHA-1 can be found with complexityLess than 269 hash operations.
Abstract: In this paper, we present new collision search attacks on the hash function SHA-1. We show that collisions of SHA-1 can be found with complexity less than 269 hash operations. This is the first attack on the full 80-step SHA-1 with complexity less than the 280 theoretical bound.

1,600 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...a2[5] → a3[10] → a4[15] → a5[20] → a6[25]....

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
22 May 2005
TL;DR: A new powerful attack on MD5 is presented, which unlike most differential attacks, does not use the exclusive-or as a measure of difference, but instead uses modular integer subtraction as the measure.
Abstract: MD5 is one of the most widely used cryptographic hash functions nowadays. It was designed in 1992 as an improvement of MD4, and its security was widely studied since then by several authors. The best known result so far was a semi free-start collision, in which the initial value of the hash function is replaced by a non-standard value, which is the result of the attack. In this paper we present a new powerful attack on MD5 which allows us to find collisions efficiently. We used this attack to find collisions of MD5 in about 15 minutes up to an hour computation time. The attack is a differential attack, which unlike most differential attacks, does not use the exclusive-or as a measure of difference, but instead uses modular integer subtraction as the measure. We call this kind of differential a modular differential. An application of this attack to MD4 can find a collision in less than a fraction of a second. This attack is also applicable to other hash functions, such as RIPEMD and HAVAL.

1,583 citations


Cites background from "Collisions for Hash Functions MD4, ..."

  • ...Two such collisions of MD5 were made public in the Crypto’04 rump session [19]....

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: This chapter provides a survey of attacks and countermeasures in MANET and puts forward an overview of MANET intrusion detection systems (IDS), which are reactive approaches to thwart attacks and used as a second line of defense.
Abstract: Security is an essential service for wired and wireless network communications. The success of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) will depend on people ’s confidence in its security. However, the characteristics of MANET pose both challenges and opportunities in achieving security goals, such as confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availability, access control, and non-repudiation. We provide a survey of attacks and countermeasures in MANET in this chapter. The countermeasures are features or functions that reduce or eliminate security vulnerabilities and attacks. First, we give an overview of attacks according to the protocol layers, and to security attributes and mechanisms. Then we present preventive approaches following the order of the layered protocol layers. We also put forward an overview of MANET intrusion detection systems (IDS), which are reactive approaches to thwart attacks and used as a second line of defense.

664 citations

Book ChapterDOI
22 May 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a chosen-message pre-image attack on MD4 with complexity below 28 was presented, where the complexity is only a single MD4 computation and a random message is a weak message with probability 2−2 to 2−6.
Abstract: MD4 is a hash function developed by Rivest in 1990 It serves as the basis for most of the dedicated hash functions such as MD5, SHAx, RIPEMD, and HAVAL In 1996, Dobbertin showed how to find collisions of MD4 with complexity equivalent to 220 MD4 hash computations In this paper, we present a new attack on MD4 which can find a collision with probability 2−2 to 2−6, and the complexity of finding a collision doesn't exceed 28 MD4 hash operations Built upon the collision search attack, we present a chosen-message pre-image attack on MD4 with complexity below 28 Furthermore, we show that for a weak message, we can find another message that produces the same hash value The complexity is only a single MD4 computation, and a random message is a weak message with probability 2−122 The attack on MD4 can be directly applied to RIPEMD which has two parallel copies of MD4, and the complexity of finding a collision is about 218 RIPEMD hash operations

501 citations

Book ChapterDOI
14 Aug 2005
TL;DR: Using the new techniques, this paper can find collisions of the full 80-step SHA-0 with complexity less than 239 hash operations.
Abstract: In this paper, we present new techniques for collision search in the hash function SHA-0. Using the new techniques, we can find collisions of the full 80-step SHA-0 with complexity less than 239 hash operations.

450 citations


Cites background from "Collisions for Hash Functions MD4, ..."

  • ...At the Rump Session of Crypto’04, Wang [10] announced collisions of several hash functions, including MD4, MD5, RIPEMD, and HAVEL-128....

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References
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Book ChapterDOI
02 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper an algorithm is described that finds collisions for the compression function of MD5 and results in an approximate relation between any four consecutive additive constants.
Abstract: At Crypto '91 Ronald L. Rivest introduced the MD5 Message Digest Algorithm as a strengthened version of MD4, differing from it on six points. Four changes are due to the two existing attacks on the two round versions of MD4. The other two changes should additionally strengthen MD5. However both these changes cannot be described as well-considered. One of them results in an approximate relation between any four consecutive additive constants. The other allows to create collisions for the compression function of MD5. In this paper an algorithm is described that finds such collisions.A C program implementing the algorithm establishes a work load of finding about 216 collisions for the first two rounds of the MD5 compression function to find a collision for the entire four round function. On a 33MHz 80386 based PC the mean run time of this program is about 4 minutes.

258 citations

Book ChapterDOI
21 Feb 1996
TL;DR: The methods developed to attack RIPEMD can be modified and supplemented such that it is possible to break the full MD4, while previously only partial attacks were known.
Abstract: In 1990 Rivest introduced the hash function MD4. Two years later RIPEMD, a European proposal, was designed as a stronger mode of MD4. Recently we have found an attack against two of three rounds of RIPEMD. As we shall show in the present note, the methods developed to attack RIPEMD can be modified and supplemented such that it is possible to break the full MD4, while previously only partial attacks were known. An implementation of our attack allows to find collisions for MD4 in a few seconds on a PC. An example of a collision is given demonstrating that our attack is of practical relevance.

204 citations

Proceedings Article
13 Dec 1992
TL;DR: Zheng et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a one-way hashing algorithm called HAVAL, which compresses a message of arbitrary length into a fingerprint of 128, 160, 192, 224 or 256 bits.
Abstract: A one-way hashing algorithm is a deterministic algorithm that compresses an arbitrary long message into a value of specified length. The output value represents the fingerprint or digest of the message. A cryptographically useful property of a one-way hashing algorithm is that it is infeasible to find two distinct messages that have the same fingerprint. This paper proposes a one-way hashing algorithm called HAVAL. HAVAL compresses a message of arbitrary length into a fingerprint of 128, 160, 192, 224 or 256 bits. In addition, HAVAL has a parameter that controls the number of passes a message block (of 1024 bits) is processed. A message block can be processed in 3, 4 or 5 passes. By combining output length with pass, we can provide fifteen (15) choices for practical applications where different levels of security are required. The algorithm is very efficient and particularly suited for 32-bit computers which predominate the current workstation market. Experiments show that HAVAL is 60% faster than MD5 when 3 passes are required, 15% faster than MD5 when 4 passes are required, and as fast as MD5 when full 5 passes are required. It is conjectured that finding two collision messages requires the order of 2n/2 operations, where n is the number of bits in a fingerprint. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication Details Yuliang Zheng, Josef Pieprzyk and Jennifer Seberry, HAVAL A one-way hashing algorithm with variable length output, ( Jennifer Seberry and Yuliang Zheng, (Eds.)), Advances in Cryptography Auscrypt'92, Conference held at the Gold Coast, Australia, December 1992, 718, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin--Heidelberg--New York, (1993), 83-104. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers/1080

193 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It turns out that the methods developed in this note can be applied to find collisions for the full MD4, and the reduced versions of RIPEMD, where the first or the last round of the compress function is omitted, are not collision-free.
Abstract: In 1990 Rivest introduced the cryptographic hash function MD4. The compress function of MD4 has three rounds. After partial attacks against MD4 were found, the stronger mode RIPEMD was designed as a European proposal in 1992 (RACE project). Its compress function consists of two parallel lines of modified versions of MD4-compress. RIPEMD is currently being considered to become an international standard (ISO/IEC Draft 10118-3). However, in this paper an attack against RIPEMD is described, which leads to comparable results with the previously known attacks against MD4: The reduced versions of RIPEMD, where the first or the last round of the compress function is omitted, are not collision-free. Moreover, it turns out that the methods developed in this note can be applied to find collisions for the full MD4.

81 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first published cryptanalysis results of the HAVAL hash function are presented and a new approach is introduced which enables the computation of a collision for the 256 output bits of the last two rounds of three round HAVal to be carried out in less than 5 s on a 200 MHz Pentium Pro.
Abstract: The first published cryptanalysis results of the HAVAL hash function are presented. A new approach is introduced which enables the computation of a collision for the 256 output bits of the last two rounds of three round HAVAL to be carried out in less than 5 s on a 200 MHz Pentium Pro.

21 citations