Colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults: 2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society
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"Colorectal cancer screening for ave..." refers methods in this paper
...While the primary source of evidence for this guideline used a different rating system for the appraisal of evidence,(26,29) the GDG applied the principles of the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and GRADE Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) frameworks in formulating and assigning the strength of recommendations.(36,37) The principal GRADE decision-making criteria are: 1) balance between desirable and undesirable effects—the greater the difference between desirable and undesirable effects, the higher the likelihood that a strong recommendation is warranted, and the narrower the difference, the higher the likelihood that a qualified recommendation is warranted; 2) quality of evidence—the higher the quality of evidence, the higher the likelihood that a strong recommendation is warranted; and 3) values and preferences—the greater the uniformity or certainty in values and preferences, the higher the likelihood that a strong recommendation is warranted....
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"Colorectal cancer screening for ave..." refers background in this paper
...A third stool test is the mt-sDNA test, which combines an immunochemical assay for hemoglobin, and assays for aberrantly methylated BMP3, NDRG, and NDRG4, mutated K-ras, and b-Actin in cells exfoliated from colonic neoplasms.103 Currently, there is only one mt-sDNA test marketed in the United States.104 (See the online Supporting Information for a more detailed discussion of each test.)...
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...Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer among adults in the United States.1 Over 140,000 Americans are expected to be diagnosed with CRC in 2018....
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...CA CANCER J CLIN 2018;00:00–00 VOLUME 00 _ NUMBER 00 _ MONTH 2018 19 Perforation, mostly due to insufflation, is very rare and is estimated to occur in less than 2 per 10,000 procedures.29 As with any imaging test, radiation exposure commonly is raised as a potential harm, although new screening protocols have resulted in substantial dose reductions, with average doses ranging from <1 to 2 millisieverts (mSv) in recent reports,139,140 which is less than the 3-mSv-per-year estimate of average background radiation exposure in the United States.141 This low level of exposure every 5 years has been judged to be a negligible harm when considered in the context of the potential LYGs from avoiding a premature CRC death.142 The detection of incidental extracolonic findings with CTC screening is an area of concern....
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...CRC disease burden varies across racial groups, with the highest incidence and mortality rates in blacks, American Indians, and Alaska Natives.(2) Temporal trends in CRC incidence and mortality among adults aged 55 years and older have shown a decline for several decades that accelerated around 2000, particularly among adults aged 65 years and older....
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...CRC incidence among blacks, including those younger than 50 years, has historically been higher than that among whites, Hispanics, and Asian Americans.(2) However, while incidence rates in whites younger than 50 years have risen, incidence rates for blacks younger than 50 years have remained generally stable, resulting in comparable contemporary incidence between the 2 groups (Fig....
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"Colorectal cancer screening for ave..." refers methods in this paper
...The USPSTF updated their CRC screening guideline in 2016.(44) CRC screening from ages 50 through 75 years with any of 7 screening strategies was given an “A” recommendation (comparable to a strong recommendation using GRADE criteria), which largely overlaps with the 2018 ACS recommendations....
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...age and a 15-year screening interval, and citing the lack of empirical evidence for screening younger populations and a 15-year screening interval.(44) The CISNET modeling analyses used for the 2016...
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