Colour Contrast in Cartographic Works Using the Principles of Johannes Itten

doi:10.1179/1743277414Y.0000000084

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Colour Contrast in Cartographic Works Using the Principles of Johannes Itten

Journal Article•DOI•

Colour Contrast in Cartographic Works Using the Principles of Johannes Itten

18 Aug 2014-Cartographic Journal (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 51, Iss: 3, pp 203-213

TL;DR: In addition to Newton's spectral colour theory, today theories with origins in artistic technique are gaining ground in cartography as discussed by the authors, such as J Itten's colour theory with special attention given to his concept of seven colour contrasts.

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Abstract: Colour is considered a key means of expression for use in cartographic works This is because colours and the relations among them influence not only the aesthetic impression a map creates but also its overall utility In addition to Newton’s spectral colour theory, today theories with origins in artistic technique are gaining ground in cartography This article introduces J Itten’s colour theory (first published in 1961 in The Art of Colour [Kunst der Farbe]) with special attention given to his concept of seven colour contrasts The article also discusses the suitability and unsuitability of their application in practical cartography, and it contributes original examples employing thematic maps, a discipline with broad possibilities for the application of these inventive methods by today’s mapmakers

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Journal Article•DOI•

Cartographic Relief Presentation

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Dawn Youngblood

03 Jan 2010-Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society

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Making Maps A Visual Guide To Map Design For Gis

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Julia Kluge

01 Jan 2016

TL;DR: The making maps a visual guide to map design for gis is universally compatible with any devices to read and can be downloaded instantly from the authors' book collection.

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Abstract: making maps a visual guide to map design for gis is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the making maps a visual guide to map design for gis is universally compatible with any devices to read.

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Journal Article•DOI•

The effect of spatial distance on the discriminability of colors in maps

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Alžběta Brychtová, Arzu Çöltekin¹•Institutions (1)

University of Zurich¹

04 May 2017-Cartography and Geographic Information Science

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the spatial gap between map symbols can have a great impact on their discriminability, however, there is little empirical evidence to establish spatial and attribute thresholds.

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Abstract: The spatial distance (gap) between map symbols can have a great impact on their discriminability, however, there is little empirical evidence to establish spatial and attribute thresholds. In this paper, we examine the effect of the spatial gap in discriminability of color hue and value, that is, we conducted an online study to obtain performance metrics; then an eye-tracking study to understand participants’ strategies and cognitive processes. Participants completed two experimental tasks (compare two areas and decide if their color is the same; and compare three areas and rank them from the lightest to the darkest). The color distances and the spatial distances were strictly controlled for the compared areas. Our analyses confirmed that, overall, increasing the gap between colors has a consistent negative impact on the ability to differentiate them with both sequential and qualitative schemes. Furthermore, we observed that sequential schemes require larger color distances than qualitative scheme...

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50 citations

Cites background from "Colour Contrast in Cartographic Wor..."

...Spatial distribution of other colors was randomized to avoid (or distribute) possible simultaneous contrast effect as much as possible, even though this effect is not easily eliminated (Bláha and Štěrba 2014)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Discriminating classes of sequential and qualitative colour schemes

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Alzbeta Brychtova, Arzu Çöltekin¹•Institutions (1)

University of Zurich¹

07 Aug 2015

TL;DR: Results suggest that the analysis of the influence of colour distance on the user experience with choropleth and chorochromatic maps is able to discriminate narrower colour distances than commonly used in practice, however, not as narrow as suggested in previous literature.

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Abstract: We present an analysis of the influence of colour distance on the user experience with choropleth and chorochromatic maps. We systematically evaluated five sequential and five qualitative colour schemes in a two-stage user experiment. At first, we conducted an online study to obtain performance metrics accuracy and response time from a large, heterogeneous population. Following this, in a controlled lab study with eye-tracking, we re-examined the findings from the online study for a subset of experimental stimuli and further assessed the user experience through an analysis of their visual behaviour. In this process, along with accuracy and response time, eye-tracking metrics fixation frequency, fixation duration and scanpath speed as well as a gaze transition analysis were utilized. In both experiments, participants were asked to compare two areas with controlled colour distances between them, and decide whether these areas were of the same colour. Results suggest that we are able to discriminate ...

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30 citations

Cites background from "Colour Contrast in Cartographic Wor..."

...Spatial distribution of all other colours was randomized to distribute simultaneous contrast effect as much as possible; being aware that this effect cannot be completely eliminated (Bláha & Štěrba, 2014)....
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Monograph•DOI•

Selected Issues of Experimental Testing in Cartography

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Zbyněk Štěrba, Čeněk Šašinka, Zdeněk Stachoň, Radim Štampach, Kamil Morong - Show less +1 more

17 Aug 2015

TL;DR: Kniha sestava ze dvou hlavnich casti. V prvni casti jsou pžedstaveny teoreticke koncepty ve vztahu k individualnim rozdilům uživatelů a výzkumu uŽivatelske přivětivosti as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: Kniha sestava ze dvou hlavnich casti. V prvni casti jsou představeny teoreticke koncepty ve vztahu k individualnim rozdilům uživatelů a výzkumu uživatelske přivětivosti. Druha caast je zaměřena na představeni software Hypothesis

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30 citations

Cites background from "Colour Contrast in Cartographic Wor..."

...…further specify that the most important graphic variables attracting our attention are mainly the size, color (brightness and saturation included), orientation, movement (e.g., in dynamic maps), shape or stereoscopic depth (created, for example, by thermal color contrast; see Bláha & Štěrba, 2014)....
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...The color might not only influence the readability to some level but also the attractiveness of the whole product and therefore it is necessary to pay attention to it (see Bláha & Štěrba, 2014)....
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References

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Open Access

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Book•

How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design

[...]

Alan M. MacEachren

09 Jun 1995

TL;DR: Part 1 How meaning is derived from maps: taking a scientific approach in improving map representation and design an information processing view of vision and visual cognition - cartographic implications how Maps are seen how maps are understood.

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Abstract: Part 1 How meaning is derived from maps: taking a scientific approach in improving map representation and design an information processing view of vision and visual cognition - cartographic implications how maps are seen how maps are understood. Part 2 How maps are imbued with meaning: a Primer On Semiotics For Understanding Map Representation A Functional approach to map representation - semantics and syntactics of map signs a lexical approach to map representation - map pragmatics. Part 3 How maps are used - applications in geographical visualization: GVIS - facilitating visual thinking GVIS - relationship in space and time GVIS - should we believe what we see.

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1,322 citations

"Colour Contrast in Cartographic Wor..." refers background in this paper

...…distinguish between the elements known as ‘figure’ and ‘background’ through well chosen hues and their appropriate juxtaposition, that is, through overlying thematic information and an underlying layer, based on Gestalt theory’s law of pregnancy (see e.g. MacEachren, 2004 or Stachoň et al., 2013)....
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Book•

Elements of Cartography

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Arthur H. Robinson

01 Jan 1953

TL;DR: In this article, a revision of this authoritative classic is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory principles of cartography or mapmaking, including techniques, formulas, tables, and constants.

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Abstract: A revision of this authoritative classic is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in introductory principles of cartography or mapmaking. Systematic coverage is given to both theory and applications of mapmaking. Presents all basic mapmaking tools, including techniques, formulas, tables, and constants.

...read moreread less

960 citations

Book•

Cartography: Thematic Map Design

[...]

Borden D. Dent

01 Jan 1990

TL;DR: Thematic mapping essentials techniques of quantitative thematic mapping designing thematic maps electronic map production effective graphing for cartographers and appendices.

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Abstract: Thematic mapping essentials techniques of quantitative thematic mapping designing thematic maps electronic map production effective graphing for cartographers and appendices.

...read moreread less

545 citations

"Colour Contrast in Cartographic Wor..." refers background in this paper

...This can be prevented by lining areas in white or black, thereby eliminating the erroneous perception of the colour of neighbouring surfaces associated with the Bezold effect (Robinson in Dent, 1996, p. 297) – see Figure 7d....
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...Of course, this is something cartographers should be careful to avoid since it causes difficulty when reading maps, distracting the user’s attention and subverting the effects of colour (Dent, 1996, p. 304)....
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...Dent mentions Itten’s theory in the margins of his cartographic publication (1996) within the context of the above-mentioned phenomenon of figure and background, which is a fundamental principle of cartographic visualization (Dent, 1996, pp. 303–304)....
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Book•

Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization

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Terry A. Slocum

01 Jul 2004

TL;DR: The history of Cartography can be found in this paper, where the Earth and its Coordinate System are discussed. And the principles of map projection, color, scale and Cartographic Generalization are presented.

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Abstract: 1. Introduction. I. PRINCIPLES OF CARTOGRAPHY. 2. History of Thematic Cartography. 3. Statistical and Graphical Foundation. 4. Principles of Symbolization. 5. Data Classification. 6. Scale and Cartographic Generalization. 7. The Earth and its Coordinate System. 8. Elements of Map Projections. 9. Selecting an Appropriate Projection. 10. Principles of Color. 11. Elements of Map Design. 12. Map Production and Dissemination. II. MAPPING TECHNIQUES. 13. Choropleth Mapping. 14. Isarithmic Mapping. 15. Symbolizing Topography. 16. Proportional Symbol Mapping. 17. Dot and Dasymetric Mapping. 18. Bivariate and Multivariate Mapping. 19. Additional Techniques. III. GEOGRAPHIC VISUALIZAION. 20. Animation. 21. Data Exploration. 22. Electronic Atlases and Miltimedia. 23. Visualizing Data Quality. 24. Virtual and Mixed Environments. 25. Ongoing Developments.

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341 citations

"Colour Contrast in Cartographic Wor..." refers methods in this paper

...In basic cartographic literature (e.g. Arnberger, 1993; Brown and Feringa, 2003; Robinson et al., 1995; Slocum et al., 2005) and cartographic practice, one most often encounters commentary on and the use of colour theory based on the ideas of Isaac Newton....
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Book Chapter•DOI•

Color Use Guidelines for Mapping and Visualization

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Cynthia A. Brewer¹•Institutions (1)

San Diego State University¹

01 Jan 1994

293 citations

"Colour Contrast in Cartographic Wor..." refers background or methods in this paper

...Finally, this contrast is often used in choropleth maps (again for depicting opposites) in which a pair of complementary colours stand at opposite ends of a divergent colour scale (Brewer, 1994; Mersey, 1990) – see Figure 6a....
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...The question of colour scale in choropleth maps is investigated in detail by Brewer (1994, 1996) and Mersey (1990)....
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