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Journal ArticleDOI

Combustion Synthesis of Graphene from Waste Paper for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes

01 Jan 2018-International Journal of Nanoscience (World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt)-Vol. 17, pp 1760023
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of synthesizing parameters like paper source, temperature and amount of urea in the formation of graphene has been investigated and a cost effective method, in which the paper that we use in our daily life was carbonized with the help of Urea at a temperature of 850∘C under N2 atmosphere.
Abstract: Incessant streak of unsuccessful attempts to synthesize low cost graphene with larger flake size and purity is frequently reported. Any reported methods that result in few layers of graphene with minimal contamination are definitive to exist. In this work, graphene was prepared economically from source of “paper” and detailed investigation was done on the effect of synthesizing parameters like paper source, temperature and amount of urea in the formation of graphene. This is a cost effective method, in which the paper that we use in our daily life was carbonized with the help of urea at a temperature of 850∘C under N2 atmosphere. The paper source was varied, shape of the paper was altered and the graphene paper with large surface area was synthesized without smudging and the prepared graphene paper was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for its structural, morphological investigation. To test the supercapacitance performance, electrochemical behavior was investigated i...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most important findings about SCS and the selection criteria for its main parameters are critically reviewed, in order to give useful guidelines to those scientists who want to use this methodology for preparing materials with improved or new functional properties.

184 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight how the different bio-waste precursors affect the surface characteristics of the carbon nanostructures and outlined their subsequent effect on electrochemical performances.
Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for green and clean energy urge the development of cheap and efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). In this context, several naturally abundant bio-wastes have been explored to develop porous carbons for SCs due to their easy availability, high performances, and simple processing methods. Although various BDCs are utilized for SC, the relation between the bio-waste precursor and resultant carbon materials are not very well understood. Here, we highlight how the different bio-waste precursors affect the surface characteristics of the carbon nanostructures and outlined their subsequent effect on electrochemical performances. Moreover, the surface modification of carbon materials using pre-processing, carbonization and activation methods is provided. The supercapacitive properties of activated carbons (AC) with their unique surface features derived from the different feedstock are systematically summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions for the development of AC from bio-waste are discussed. Overall, this review provides a guide to understand how best to refine and carbonize this biomass to achieve optimum supercapacitive performance.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A polypyrrole/carbonized cotton fabric (PPy/CCF) flexible bind-free electrode was firstly created by simple carbonization and in-situ electrodeposition method for supercapacitors as discussed by the authors.

72 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Graphene, a two-dimensional single layered carbon atoms crystal lattice has grabbed much attention due to its unique electronic, surface, mechanical and optoelectronic characteristics.
Abstract: Graphene, a two-dimensional single layered carbon atoms crystal lattice has grabbed much attention due to its unique electronic, surface, mechanical and optoelectronic characteristics. Owing to its unique structure and properties, graphene has opened new opportunities for the future systems and devices, which has led to increase its demand in numerous applications. However, scaling up its production is still a challenging job. Although there is a huge body of literature on the graphene synthesis using various techniques but eco-friendly and cost–effective processes for mass scale production are still needed. In order to conceptualize and develop the processes fulfilling the growing concerns, it is important to overview the existing literature. The current review summarizes the production of graphene using several approaches as well as the potential of various waste materials as graphene precursors. The methods used for graphene synthesis have been categorized into top down techniques such as chemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation and chemical fabrication processes, and bottom up techniques including pyrolysis, plasma synthesis, epitaxial growth and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Conversely, several limitations are considerate for an individual procedure such as toxicity of chemicals, high-cost, time consumption or inadequate quality of the product. Furthermore, mass production of graphene derivatives under low-cost can also be considered by utilizing a variety of wastes precursors such as plastic and batteries waste, newspaper, biomass, chitosan, coal, insects waste etc. This review designates the current advances in wastes-derived graphene synthesis to relief synthetic difficulties as well as predicts the future development in this area.

58 citations


Cites background from "Combustion Synthesis of Graphene fr..."

  • ...The Pt/graphene displayed enhanced efficiency as a catalyst in fuel cell as compared to commercial Pt/C [210]....

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  • ...[210] successfully derived Fe-graphene from disposable waste...

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  • ...[210] Singu DC, Joseph B, Velmurugan V, Ravuri S, Grace AN....

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  • ...Disposable paper cups KOH treatment, Fe2þ exchange, graphitization Fe/graphene High yield, good quality, superior efficiency as support for catalyst (Pt) in fuel cell application [210]...

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Journal ArticleDOI
Chao Sun1, Xin Li1, Jiaming Zhao1, Zaisheng Cai1, Fengyan Ge1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a hierarchical hybrid silk fabric-based (SF) electrode is fabricated via a simple two-step process, including Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) drop-coating and polypyrrole (PPy) in-suit electrodeposition for symmetric supercapacitors, which shows a low sheet resistance (1.57 ± 0.11

38 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new kind of high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor is designed with pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose-coated MnO₂ as a positive electrode material and nitrogen-doped p-BC as a negative electrode material via an easy, efficient, large-scale, and green fabrication approach.
Abstract: A new kind of high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor is designed with pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose (p-BC)-coated MnO₂ as a positive electrode material and nitrogen-doped p-BC as a negative electrode material via an easy, efficient, large-scale, and green fabrication approach. The optimal asymmetric device possesses an excellent supercapacitive behavior with quite high energy and power density.

589 citations

BookDOI
20 Mar 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed overview of the development of supercapacitors and their applications in energy harvesting, energy conservation, and energy harvesting applications, as well as their application in the electricity grid.
Abstract: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY Equilibrium Electrochemistry Ionics Dynamic Electrochemistry GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Capacitor Principles Electrochemical Capacitors Summary ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES Electrochemical Apparatus Electrochemical Cell Electrochemical Interface: Supercapacitors Most Used Electrochemical Techniques ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS AND CARBONS FOR EDLCS Introduction The Electrical Double Layer Types of Carbons Used for EDLCs Capacitance versus Pore Size Evidence of Desolvation of Ions Performance Limitations: Pore Accessibility or Saturation of Porosity Beyond the Double-Layer Capacitance in Microporous Carbons Conclusions MODERN THEORIES OF CARBON-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Classical Theories Recent Developments Concluding Remarks ELECTRODE MATERIALS WITH PSEUDOCAPACITIVE PROPERTIES Introduction Conducting Polymers in Supercapacitor Application Metal Oxide/Carbon Composites Pseudocapacitive Effect of Heteroatoms Present in the Carbon Network Nanoporous Carbons with Electrosorbed Hydrogen Electrolytic Solutions - A Source of Faradaic Reactions Conclusions - Profits and Disadvantages of Pseudocapacitive Effects LI-ION-BASED HYBRID SUPERCAPACITORS IN ORGANIC MEDIUM Introduction Voltage Limitation of Conventional EDLCs Hybrid Capacitor Systems Material Design for NHC Conclusion ASYMMETRIC AND HYBRID DEVICES IN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES Introduction Aqueous Hybrid (Asymmetric) Devices Aqueous Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitors Tantalum Oxide-Ruthenium Oxide Hybrid Capacitors Perspectives EDLCS BASED ON SOLVENT-FREE IONIC LIQUIDS Introduction Carbon Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface Ionic Liquids Carbon Electrodes Supercapacitors Concluding Remarks MANUFACTURING OF INDUSTRIAL SUPERCAPACITORS Introduction Cell Components Cell Design Module Design Conclusions and Perspectives SUPERCAPACITOR MODULE SIZING AND HEAT MANAGEMENT UNDER ELECTRIC, THERMAL, AND AGING CONSTRAINTS Introduction Electrical Characterization Thermal Modeling Supercapacitor Lifetime Supercapacitor Module Sizing Methods Applications TESTING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Summaries of DC Test Procedures Applicatin of the Test Procedures to Carbon/Carbon Devices Testing of Hybrid, Pseudocapacitive Devices Relationships between AC Impedance and DC Testing Uncertainties in Ultracapacitor Data Interpretation Summary RELIABILITY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction Reliability Basics Cell Reliability System Reliability Assessment of Cell Reliability Reliability of Practical Systems Increasing System Reliability System Design Example MARKET AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS Introduction: Principles and History Commerical Designs: DC Power Applications Energy Conservation and Energy Harvesting Applications Technology Combination Applications Electricity Grid Applications Conclusions

572 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Paper and textiles have been used ubiquitously in our everyday lives, such as books and newspapers for propagating information, clothing and packaging as discussed by the authors, and they have shown outstanding device performance.
Abstract: Paper and textiles have been used ubiquitously in our everyday lives, such as books and newspapers for propagating information, clothing and packaging. In this perspective, we will summarize our recent efforts in exploring these old materials for emerging energy and environmental applications. The motivations and challenges of using paper and textiles for device applications will be discussed. Various types of energy and environmental devices have been demonstrated including supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, microbial fuel cells and water filters. Due to their unique morphologies, paper and textile-based devices not only can be fabricated with simple processing, but also show outstanding device performance. Being renewable and earth-abundant materials, paper and textiles could play significant roles in addressing future energy and environmental challenges.

383 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Jul 2013-Small
TL;DR: The methodology is based on the employment of pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose as a new three-dimensional porous scaffold to support various nanostructured active electrode materials, such as SnO2 and Ge.
Abstract: A scalable, low-cost and environmentally benign strategy is developed for the facile construction of a unique kind of three-dimensional porous electrode architecture for high-performance lithium ion batteries. The methodology is based on the employment of pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose as a new three-dimensional porous scaffold to support various nanostructured active electrode materials, such as SnO and Ge.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the supercapacitive properties of the Co3S4-NG-7 composite were evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge techniques.
Abstract: Nanocomposites of Co3S4 grown on nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) (Co3S4-NG) have been prepared at various concentrations of NG. The supercapacitive behaviors of the developed nanocomposites were assessed with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge techniques. The nanocomposites exhibit excellent capacitive behavior with a high specific capacitance of 2427 F/g at 2 mV/s in Co3S4-NG-7 composite (7 indicates the percentage weight ratio of NG). The superior electrochemical performances could be due to synergistic effects between Co3S4 and NG, high charge mobility and good flexibility of graphene structures. These results indicate that the developed hybrid materials are promising candidates for high performance energy applications.

62 citations