Comments on "Teletraffic model and performance analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with prioritized and nonprioritized handoff procedures"
01 Aug 1986-IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (Stony Brook, N.Y.: State University of New York at Stony Brook, College of Engineering.)-Vol. 35, Iss: 3, pp 77-92
TL;DR: A traffic model and analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with handoff, which shows, for example, blocking probability, forced termination probability, and fraction of new calls not completed, as functions of pertinent system parameters.
Abstract: A traffic model and analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with handoff are described. Three schemes for call traffic handling are considered. One is nonprioritized and two are priority oriented. Fixed channel assignment is considered. In the nonprioritized scheme the base stations make no distinction between new call attempts and handoff attempts. Attempts which find all channels occupied are cleared. In the first priority scheme considered, a fixed number of channels in each cell are reserved exclusively for handoff calls. The second priority scheme employs a similar channel assignment strategy, but, additionally, the queueing of handoff attempts is allowed. Appropriate analytical models and criteria are developed and used to derive performance characteristics. These show, for example, blocking probability, forced termination probability, and fraction of new calls not completed, as functions of pertinent system parameters. General formulas are given and specific numerical results for nominal system parameters are presented.
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TL;DR: This article provides a detailed discussion on reuse partitioning schemes, the effect of handoffs, and prioritization schemes, and other important issues in resource allocation such as overlay cells, frequency planning, and power control.
Abstract: This article provides a detailed discussion of wireless resource and channel allocation schemes. The authors provide a survey of a large number of published papers in the area of fixed, dynamic, and hybrid allocation schemes and compare their trade-offs in terms of complexity and performance. We also investigate these channel allocation schemes based on other factors such as distributed/centralized control and adaptability to traffic conditions. Moreover, we provide a detailed discussion on reuse partitioning schemes, the effect of handoffs, and prioritization schemes. Finally, we discuss other important issues in resource allocation such as overlay cells, frequency planning, and power control.
1,273 citations
TL;DR: A novel framework for dynamically organizing mobile nodes in wireless ad hoc networks into clusters in which the probability of path availability can be bounded is presented, which supports an adaptive hybrid routing architecture that can be more responsive and effective when mobility rates are low and more efficient when Mobility rates are high.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel framework for dynamically organizing mobile nodes in wireless ad hoc networks into clusters in which the probability of path availability can be bounded. The purpose of the (/spl alpha/, t) cluster is to help minimize the far-reaching effects of topological changes while balancing the need to support more optimal routing. A mobility model for ad hoc networks is developed and is used to derive expressions for the probability of path availability as a function of time. It is shown how this model provides the basis for dynamically grouping nodes into clusters using an efficient distributed clustering algorithm. Since the criteria for cluster organization depends directly upon path availability, the structure of the cluster topology is adaptive with respect to node mobility. Consequently, this framework supports an adaptive hybrid routing architecture that can be more responsive and effective when mobility rates are low and more efficient when mobility rates are high.
747 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a detailed discussion of wireless resource and channel allocation schemes and compare their trade-offs in terms of complexity and performance, and discuss other important issues in resource allocation such as overlay cells, frequency planning, and power control.
Abstract: This article provides a detailed discussion of wireless resource and channel allocation schemes. The authors provide a survey of a large number of published papers in the area of fixed, dynamic, and hybrid allocation schemes and compare their trade-offs in terms of complexity and performance. We also investigate these channel allocation schemes based on other factors such as distributed⁄centralized control and adaptability to traffic conditions. Moreover, we provide a detailed discussion on reuse partitioning schemes, the effect of handoffs, and prioritization schemes. Finally, we discuss other important issues in resource allocation such as overlay cells, frequency planning, and power control.
742 citations
01 Aug 1999
TL;DR: In this article, current and proposed protocols for mobility management for public land mobile network (PLMN)-based networks, mobile Internet protocol (IP) wireless asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and satellite networks are discussed in the context of the next evolutionary step of wireless communication networks.
Abstract: This paper describes current and proposed protocols for mobility management for public land mobile network (PLMN)-based networks, mobile Internet protocol (IP) wireless asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and satellite networks. The integration of these networks will be discussed in the context of the next evolutionary step of wireless communication networks. First, a review is provided of location management algorithms for personal communication systems (PCS) implemented over a PLMN network. The latest protocol changes for location registration and handoff are investigated for mobile IP followed by a discussion of proposed protocols for wireless ATM and satellite networks. Finally, an outline of open problems to be addressed by the next generation of wireless network service is discussed.
688 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the cell residence time can be described by the generalized gamma distribution and the negative exponential distribution is a good approximation for describing the channel holding time.
Abstract: A mathematical formulation is developed for systematic tracking of the random movement of a mobile station in a cellular environment. It incorporates mobility parameters under the most generalized conditions, so that the model can be tailored to be applicable in most cellular environments. This mobility model is used to characterize different mobility-related traffic parameters in cellular systems. These include the distribution of the cell residence time of both new and handover calls, channel holding time, and the average number of handovers. It is shown that the cell residence time can be described by the generalized gamma distribution. It is also shown that the negative exponential distribution is a good approximation for describing the channel holding time.
652 citations
Cites background or result from "Comments on "Teletraffic model and ..."
...Hong and Rappaport [ 1 ] have made an elaborate analysis to obtain the cell residence time probability density function (pdf) for a simplified case of mobility in which there is no change in speed or direction of the mobile....
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...This agrees with the result obtained in [3] and assumed in [ 1 ]....
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...Yeung and Nanda [13], [14], Xie and Kuek [15], and Xie and Goodman [16] have shown that, contrary to the assumption made in [ 1 ], the speed and direction distributions of the in-cell mobiles are different from those of the cell-crossing mobiles....
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...Inoue et al. [12] have applied the procedure of [ 1 ] for the case of nonuniform speed distribution....
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...Mobility models developed in the literature [ 1 ], [2] assume constant speeds drawn from given probability distributions....
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References
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Book•
01 Feb 1975
TL;DR: An in-depth and practical guide, Microwave Mobile Communications will provide you with a solid understanding of the microwave propagation techniques essential to the design of effective cellular systems.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
IEEE Press is pleased to bring back into print this definitive text and reference covering all aspects of microwave mobile systems design. Encompassing ten years of advanced research in the field, this invaluable resource reviews basic microwave theory, explains how cellular systems work, and presents useful techniques for effective systems development. The return of this classic volume should be welcomed by all those seeking the original authoritative and complete source of information on this emerging technology. An in-depth and practical guide, Microwave Mobile Communications will provide you with a solid understanding of the microwave propagation techniques essential to the design of effective cellular systems.
9,064 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cellular system operating within a limited block of frequency spectrum can meet the objectives of a large-scale mobile-telephone service designed with attention to cost restraint.
Abstract: This paper shows how a cellular system operating within a limited block of frequency spectrum can meet the objectives of a large-scale mobile-telephone service designed with attention to cost restraint It explores the key elements of the cellular concept — frequency reuse and cell splitting — and describes certain mathematical properties of hexagonal cellular geometry A description of the basic structure and features of amps shows how the cellular concept can be put into practice
658 citations
TL;DR: This paper considers the problem of channel assignment in mobile communication systems, where the service area is divided in hexagonal cells, and a Hybrid Channel Assignment Scheme is studied.
Abstract: This paper considers the problem of channel assignment in mobile communication systems, where the service area is divided in hexagonal cells. In particular, a Hybrid Channel Assignment Scheme is studied and certain results are obtained using GPSS simulation of a model 40-cell system.
307 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a large-scale mobile radio system using dynamic channel reassignment switch the channels assigned to some of the calls in progress to maintain a nearly optimum separation between coverage areas simultaneously using the same channel.
Abstract: Large-scale mobile radio systems using dynamic channel REassignment switch the channels assigned to some of the calls in progress to maintain a nearly optimum separation between coverage areas simultaneously using the same channel. Dynamic channel REassignment produces a significant increase in channel occupancy. For example, in the systems studied, which have a uniform distribution of their fixed channels and were operated against a uniform spatial distribution of offered traffic, the channel occupancy was increased by 2/3 over a pure fixed channel assignment system at a blocking rate of one percent. This corresponds to a channel savings of about 40 percent for the same traffic carried at one percent blocking by the hybrid systems that were studied.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this article, computer simulations of high-capacity mobile radio systems using different channel assignment philosophies are described, which initiate call attempts and move vehicles about randomly according to prescribed statistical distributions.
Abstract: Computer simulations of high-capacity mobile radio systems using different channel assignment philosophies are described. These simulations initiate call attempts and move vehicles about randomly according to prescribed statistical distributions. Base stations and radio channels are assigned to serve mobiles and system operating statistics are accumulated. Relationships between systems parameters obtained from the simulation are presented. Performance of a dynamic channel assignment system (DYNSYS) which has all channels available at all base stations is compared with performance of a fixed-channel assignment system (FIXSYS) which reserves channel subsets for use at specific base stations. For uniform spatial distributions of call attempts and 40-channel systems with reuse intervals of four base station radio coverage areas, the DYNSYS outperforms the FIXSYS at blocking rates up to 13 percent. For example, at a 3 percent blocking rate the DYNSYS provides 20 percent more calls “on” in the system.
123 citations