Compact rat race coupler with harmonic suppression using Circular defected ground structure (CDGS)
01 Dec 2016-pp 316-319
TL;DR: An approach is taken to reduce the size and suppress harmonics of rat race coupler with the help of Circular defected ground structure and the effect of CDGS on the same structure is analyzed.
Abstract: In this paper, an approach is taken to reduce the size and suppress harmonics of rat race coupler with the help of Circular defected ground structure. The reduction in size is possible due to the lowering of resonant frequency which in turn is a result of slow wave effect. The proposed structure is additionally able to make the response as a wide band. The two parameters of CDGS are modeled rigorously to obtain the achieved response. First, the conventional rat race coupler is studied and later the effect of CDGS on the same structure is analyzed.
Citations
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TL;DR: A −17-dB harmonic coupler is designed to pick a strong sample at the second harmonic, while suppressing the fundamental signal at the coupled port, and the measured coupling level at the fundamental band is below −75 dB.
Abstract: Recently, communication networks are evolving dramatically to meet the human dynamic needs as well as provide the required support for the massive expansion in future applications. This fosters the research in the mm-wave components to create a new infrastructure for these applications. As a result, the electrical characteristics of the designed components in terms of the bandwidth and the linearity have to be evaluated in an accurate way. The linearity of the mm-wave components is evaluated through the assessment of the inter-modulation of these components, especially at the second harmonic band. In this paper, a −17-dB harmonic coupler is designed to pick a strong sample at the second harmonic, while suppressing the fundamental signal at the coupled port. A design procedure for the proposed harmonic coupler is presented and illustrated. The fabricated unit is silver plated to minimize the losses, where the measured coupling at the second harmonic band shows an excellent agreement with the simulated ones. In addition, the measured coupling level at the fundamental band is below −75 dB.
10 citations
Cites background from "Compact rat race coupler with harmo..."
...Many couplers in the literature perform the opposite operation, where the coupling is flat within the fundamental band while the harmonic signals were suppressed [17]–[19]....
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01 Nov 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a broadband and compact 180° hybrid that covers 3-5 GHz was proposed for the 5G new radio (NR) N77/N78/N79 applications.
Abstract: A broadband and compact 180° hybrid that covers 3–5 GHz is proposed for the fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) N77/N78/N79 applications. The broadband characteristic is obtained by using cascaded two-section topology and edge-coupled lines at each input/output (I/O) port. Miniaturization of two-section rings is achieved using meander microstrip lines. A fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 50% and a size reduction of 50% are both reached. Good in-phase and out-of-phase characteristics are obtained as well. The circuit can be easily fabricated using conventional printed circuit board (PCB) process and suitable for mass production.
2 citations
Cites background from "Compact rat race coupler with harmo..."
...Miniaturization have been mentioned using slow-wave structure [10], artificial transmission lines [1112], short-/open-stubs [13], right/left-handed transmission lines [14], lumped element [15], substrate integrated waveguide [16] and defected ground structure (DGS) [17]....
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...Although EM-based yield analysis and optimization may help to guarantee a good yield, the ultimate solution is to reduce the using of complicated structures or manully-operated fabrication process, such as via transitions, DGS, metallic tapes or wire bonding....
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...Miniaturization have been mentioned using slow-wave structure [10], artificial transmission lines [11- 12], short-/open-stubs [13], right/left-handed transmission lines [14], lumped element [15], substrate integrated waveguide [16] and defected ground structure (DGS) [17]....
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...However, 5G device production is tolerance-sensitive, those methods [10-17] using via transitions, DGS, bond wires or metallic tapes may result in a low yield when mass production....
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References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, a new defected ground unit structure (DGS) for the microstrip line is proposed, which can provide the bandgap characteristic in some frequency bands with only one or more unit lattices.
Abstract: A new defected ground structure (DGS) for the microstrip line is proposed in this paper. The proposed DGS unit structure can provide the bandgap characteristic in some frequency bands with only one or more unit lattices. The equivalent circuit for the proposed defected ground unit structure is derived by means of three-dimensional field analysis methods. The equivalent-circuit parameters are extracted by using a simple circuit analysis method. By employing the extracted parameters and circuit analysis theory, the bandgap effect for the provided defected ground unit structure can be explained. By using the derived and extracted equivalent circuit and parameters, the low-pass filters are designed and implemented. The experimental results show excellent agreement with theoretical results and the validity of the modeling method for the proposed defected ground unit structure.
1,269 citations
"Compact rat race coupler with harmo..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The DGS can be modeled as a low pass filter itself [6]....
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...5GHz when we consider the CDGS as a filter model [6]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of defected ground structure (DGS) on the output power and efficiency of a class-A power amplifier were evaluated at 4.3/spl sim/4.7 GHz.
Abstract: The authors report the effects of defected ground structure (DGS) on the output power and efficiency of a class-A power amplifier. In order to evaluate the effects of DGS on the efficiency and output power, two class-A GaAs FET amplifiers have been measured at 4.3/spl sim/4.7 GHz. One of them has a 50 /spl Omega/ microstrip line with DGS at the output section, while the other has only 50 /spl Omega/ straight line. It is shown that DGS rejects the second harmonic at the output and yields improved output power and power added efficiency by 1/spl sim/5%.
114 citations
06 Apr 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel design for miniaturization of patch antenna is presented, which consists of hybrid techniques of H-shaped slot on the patch and defected ground structure.
Abstract: In this paper a novel design for miniaturization of patch antenna is presented. The proposed design for the miniaturized wide band patch antenna consists of hybrid techniques of H-shaped slot on the patch and defected ground structure. Defected ground structure is formed by cutting a combination of U and L-shaped slots. Patch and the ground plane are shorted for the further size reduction. These practices increase the current distribution path accompanied by increase in electrical length of the antenna. To validate the design a reference patch antenna is designed and its performance is compared with the proposed antenna. The designed antenna is 86% smaller than the conventional patch antenna. The miniaturized antenna has gain in the range of 4dBi to 5dBi while impedance bandwidth is in the range of 105MHz to 1700MHz. This form of compact wide band antenna is appropriate for numerous wireless communication systems like cell phone, Laptop and Hyperlane.
14 citations
20 Nov 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a novel design for miniaturization of patch antenna is presented, which consists of hybrid techniques of H-shaped slot on the patch and defected ground structure.
Abstract: In this paper a novel design for miniaturization of patch antenna is presented. The proposed design for the miniaturized wide band patch antenna consists of hybrid techniques of H-shaped slot on the patch and defected ground structure. Defected ground structure is formed by cutting a combination of U and L-shaped slots. Patch and the ground plane are shorted for the further size reduction. These practices increase the current distribution path accompanied by increase in electrical length of the antenna. To validate the design a reference patch antenna is designed and its performance is compared with the proposed antenna. The designed antenna is 86% smaller than the conventional patch antenna. The miniaturized antenna has gain in the range of 4dBi to 5dBi while impedance bandwidth is in the range of 105MHz to 1700MHz. This form of compact wide band antenna is appropriate for numerous wireless communication systems like cell phone, Laptop and Hyperlane.
11 citations
"Compact rat race coupler with harmo..." refers background in this paper
...The Defected ground structure (DGS) have been used since its inception not only to reduce the size of microwave components but also to achieve the wide band and similar desired results in antenna design [2]-[3]....
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24 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a defected ground structure which helps in lowering cut-off frequency and resonant frequency of microstripline has been analyzed and its performance characteristics are studied.
Abstract: Defected ground structure have been always an area of interest for research in millimetre waves and microwaves. In this paper, the different parameters of a defected ground structure which helps in lowering cut-off frequency and resonant frequency of microstripline have been analysed. A circularly shaped defected ground structure which is equivalent to LC model circuit has been simulated and its performance characteristics are studied. As the complexity of a structure increases, due to slow wave effect there is variation in the cut-off frequency and resonant frequency. These variations are useful in size, mutual coupling reduction and harmonic suppression which help in designing of various microwave circuit.
5 citations
"Compact rat race coupler with harmo..." refers methods in this paper
...The circular structure is used as it provides better return loss in this case [7]....
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