Comparative analysis of calcium gluconate and sodium gluconate techniques for the production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger
TL;DR: Sodium gluconate method is promising with respect to lesser time for slant age and lesser time of fermentation compared to the calcium glu Conate method.
Abstract: Sodium gluconate and calcium gluconate methods are important techniques available for gluconic acid fermentation. The comparative analysis of these fermentations has been addressed using Aspergillus niger. The techniques are equally influenced by the spores age in slant growth, inoculum level in germination and production media, different levels of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Sodium gluconate method is promising with respect to lesser time for slant age (3 d) and lesser time of fermentation (6 d) compared to the calcium gluconate method (slant age — 6 d, and time of fermentation — 7 d).
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TL;DR: The fermentation kinetics of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger were studied in a batch system and a simple model appeared to provide a reasonable description for each parameter during the growth phase.
106 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this work was the development of a continuous fermentation process for the production of gluconic acid, offering constant product quality and quantity and significant advantages over traditional discontinuous operation employing Aspergillus niger.
Abstract: By extensive microbial screening, about 50 strains with the ability to secrete gluconic acid were isolated from wild flowers. The strains belong to the yeast-like mould Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud. In shake flask experiments, gluconic acid concentrations between 23 and 140 g/l were produced within 2 days using a mineral medium. In batch experiments, various important fermentation parameters influencing gluconic acid production by A. pullulans isolate 70 (DSM 7085) were identified. Continuous production of gluconic acid with free-growing cells of the isolated yeast-like microorganisms was studied. About 260 g/l gluconic acid at total glucose conversion could be achieved using continuous stirred tank reactors in defined media with residence times (RT) of about 26 h. The highest space-time-yield of 19.3 g l−1 h−1) with a gluconic acid concentration of 207.5 g/l was achieved with a RT of 10.8 h. The possibility of gluconic acid production with biomass retention by immobilised cells on porous sinter glass is discussed. The new continuous gluconate fermentation process provides significant advantages over traditional discontinuous operation employing Aspergillus niger. The aim of this work was the development of a continuous fermentation process for the production of gluconic acid. Process control becomes easier, offering constant product quality and quantity.
50 citations
Cites background from "Comparative analysis of calcium glu..."
...Glucose conversions of over 80% are achieved using 10% initial glucose (Bernhauer 1924, 1926, 1928; Herrick and May 1928; Moyer et al. 1936; Doctor and Ambekar 1964; Ambekar et al. 1965; Das and Nandi 1969a, 1969b; Elnaghy and Elktatny 1981; Rao and Panda 1993)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the dissolution of magnesite particles in aqueous gluconic acid solutions was investigated in a batch reactor employing the parameters of stirring speed, particle size, temperature, solid/liquid ratio and acid concentration.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a kinetic model was proposed to optimize the integrated bioreaction-crystallization process newly developed for production of calcium gluconate crystals using external loop airlift columns.
24 citations
TL;DR: Forty-one fungal species belonging to 15 fungal genera isolated from Egyptian soil and sugar cane waste samples were tested for their capacity of producing acidity and gluconic acid and Aspergillus niger was distinguishable from other species by its capacity to produce substantial amounts of glueonie acid when it was cultivated on a selective medium.
Abstract: Forty-one fungal species belonging to 15 fungal genera isolated from Egyptian soil and sugar cane waste samples were tested for their capacity of producing acidity and gluconic acid. For the tests, the fungi were grown on glucose substrate and culture filtrates were examined using paper chromatography analysis. Most of the tested fungi have a relative wide potentiality for total acid production in their filtrates. Nearly 51% of them showed their ability of producing gluconic acid. Aspergillus niger was distinguishable from other species by its capacity to produce substantial amounts of gluconic acid when it was cultivated on a selective medium. The optimized cultural conditions for gluconic acid yields were using submerged culture at 30℃ at initial pH 6.0 for 7 days of incubation. Among the various concentrations of substrate used, glucose (14%, w/v) was found to be the most suitable carbon source for maximal gluconic acid during fermentation. Maximum values of fungal biomass (10.02 g/l) and gluconic acid (58.46 g/l) were obtained when the fungus was grown with 1% peptone as sole nitrogen source. Influence of the concentration of some inorganic salts as well as the rate of aeration on the gluconic acid and biomass production is also described.
20 citations
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"Comparative analysis of calcium glu..." refers background in this paper
...Gluconic acid and its salts sodium and calcium gluconate are useful chemicals in the food, pharmaceuticals, feed, detergents and other allied industries [ 1-3 ]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the deactivation of the catalyst is attributed to the formation of platinum oxide (PtO2), which can be reversed by temporarily replacing the oxygen flow by a nitrogen flow.
113 citations
Additional excerpts
...chemical, electrochemical, biochemical and bioelectrochemical [ 4-6 ]....
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"Comparative analysis of calcium glu..." refers methods in this paper
...Gluconic acid and glucono-6-1actone were analysed by the hydroxamate method [ 20 ]....
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"Comparative analysis of calcium glu..." refers methods in this paper
...To overcome this problem different methods of neutralization have been practiced [1, 12-16 ]....
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