Comparative Study of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network
01 Jan 2012-
TL;DR: This paper analyzes recent routing protocols for wireless sensor network and classify in three types of approaches according to network architecture in WSN: Flat, Hierarchical and location based routing protocols.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks consist of small nodes with sensing and computation, communication capabilities. Wireless network are highly dependent on specific application and are constrained by energy, storage capacity and power. To increase the lifetime of networks, energy awareness is essential consideration if we analyze routing protocols. Routing protocols of sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routs in the network. In this paper, we analyze recent routing protocols for wireless sensor network and classify in three types of approaches according to network architecture in WSN.The three main categories on the basis of network structure: Flat, Hierarchical and location based routing protocols. We study tradeoff between energy and communication overhead savings in every routing prortcols.We also highlighted the advantages and performance issues of each routing technique.
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TL;DR: An overview of the different routing strategies used in wireless sensor networks is given and the comparison of these different routing protocols based on metrics such as mobility support, stability, issues and latency is shown.
Abstract: This paper represents energy efficient routing protocols in WSN. It is a collection of sensor nodes with a set of limited Processor and limited memory unit embedded in it. Reliable routing of packets from the sensor node to its base station is the most important task for the networks. The routing protocols applied for the other networks cannot be used here due to its battery powered nodes This paper gives an overview of the different routing strategies used in wireless sensor networks and gives a brief working model of energy efficient routing protocols in WSN. It also shows the comparison of these different routing protocols based on metrics such as mobility support, stability, issues and latency.
579 citations
11 Jul 2014
TL;DR: This paper gives an explanation about location based routing and also analysis some important locationbased routing protocols Geographical and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR), Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) and Minimum Energy Communication Network (MECN) in detail.
Abstract: Location based routing protocols are used in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in which the information about the location of nodes is used for communication. It is also known as geographic routing protocol or position based routing protocols. These protocols reduce the energy consumption and increase the lifetime of the network. This paper gives an explanation about location based routing and also analysis some important location based routing protocols Geographical and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR), Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) and Minimum Energy Communication Network (MECN) in detail. For better understanding, the comparison between these protocols is shown.
26 citations
Cites background from "Comparative Study of Routing Protoc..."
...[9] [12] Figure 4 shows the recursive geographic forwarding....
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01 Oct 2014
TL;DR: A mechanism to improve theiscovery phase and reduces the energy used by nodes in discovery phase and increases the lifetime of network is proposed.
Abstract: The popularity of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has increased tremendously in recent times. WSN connects the physical world with the virtual world by forming a network of sensor nodes. In a sensor network the sensor nodes sense the data within their sensing range. Each node has limited energy which is used in transmitting and receiving the data thus energy preservation is most important for the survival of sensor networks for longer period time. Many routing protocols in WSN are used for the same purpose. In WSN, Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) is a location based routing protocol which transmits data on the basis of location information of destination node. It works in three phases i.e. discovery phase, sleeping phase and active phase. This paper proposes a mechanism to improve the discovery phase and reduces the energy used by nodes in discovery phase and increases the lifetime of network. Implementation of proposed Optimized GAF protocol is done using MATLAB.
21 citations
TL;DR: The reliability issue of wireless sensor network is studied and some of the proposed techniques to make network more reliable are highlighted.
Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is becoming famous because of its use in various applications of different areas such as environment, defense, medical, house, media and education. WSN is a structure free network where requirement of application decides the network structure, topology and routing protocols. Data transmission in sensor network is possible with the help of routing protocols. There are multiple routing protocols in WSN which provide efficient data delivery but reliability is still a major constraint of WSN. When data is transmitted from source node to the sink or Base Station (BS), some data packets may lost due to some reason such as failure of node, dead node. Sometimes node is not interested in forwarding data and drops the data packet. The problem of lost data affects the reliability of the network. Various energy efficient protocols have been proposed but they do not ensure reliability. This paper studies the reliability issue. Also highlights some of the proposed techniques to make network more reliable.
18 citations
Cites methods from "Comparative Study of Routing Protoc..."
...This protocol works in three steps [6] as:...
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01 Oct 2014
TL;DR: This paper is proposing a Reliable SPIN to increase the data delivery with the inclusion of acknowledgement from the sink to the intermediate nodes and the source node by using selective forwarding.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is getting famous by its implementation and research exponentially in current time. Sensors can be configured on the basis of condition & when condition matches to the sensor then sensor collects some information. This information is transferred to the base station (BS). The data routing is performed by routing protocols. There are various types of routing protocols which ensures the data delivery. But the reliability is still a constraint for data delivery in WSN. In WSN, Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) is a data centric routing protocol which forwards data to neighbor nodes but it does not ensures the reliable data delivery. If one or more nodes in the path of communication get dead then data transmission through those nodes stops and data won't be transferred to the destination. As well as If node does not have interest in data then that node will not transfer data too. So there is a requirement of increasing the reliability of SPIN Protocol. This paper is proposing a Reliable SPIN to increase the data delivery with the inclusion of acknowledgement from the sink to the intermediate nodes and the source node by using selective forwarding. If source node has unacknowledged data packets then it will be forward those data packets again. MATLAB is used as the simulation tool. Results are obtained on the basis of QoS parameters like Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, and Routing Overhead.
17 citations
Cites background from "Comparative Study of Routing Protoc..."
...SPIN is a data centric routing protocol which uses the advertisement mechanism [13]....
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References
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01 May 2005
TL;DR: The three main categories explored in this paper are data-centric, hierarchical and location-based; each routing protocol is described and discussed under the appropriate category.
Abstract: Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Most of the attention, however, has been given to the routing protocols since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. This paper surveys recent routing protocols for sensor networks and presents a classification for the various approaches pursued. The three main categories explored in this paper are data-centric, hierarchical and location-based. Each routing protocol is described and discussed under the appropriate category. Moreover, protocols using contemporary methodologies such as network flow and quality of service modeling are also discussed. The paper concludes with open research issues. � 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
3,573 citations
TL;DR: A survey of routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Network is given and their strengths and limitations are compared.
Abstract: Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor nodes with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. Variety of sensing capabilities results in profusion of application areas. However, the characteristics of wireless sensor networks require more effective methods for data forwarding and processing. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are also limited. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these conditions. In this paper, we give a survey of routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Network and compare their strengths and limitations.
582 citations
Additional excerpts
...The performance of a routing protocol is related to the architectural model [2]....
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02 Sep 2005
TL;DR: This book discusses distributed Signal Processing Algorithms for the Physical Layer of Large-Scale Sensor Networks, which is a virtual infrastructure for wireless sensor networks and its applications, and data gathering and fusion in sensor networks.
Abstract: Preface. Contributors. 1. Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networking (Fernando Martincic and Loren Schwiebert). 2. Distributed Signal Processing Algorithms for the Physical Layer of Large-Scale Sensor Networks (An-swol Hu and Sergio D. Servetto). 3. Energy Scavenging and Non-traditional Power Sources for Wireless Sensor Networks (Shad Roundy and Luc Frechette). 4. A virtual infrastructure for wireless sensor networks (Stephan Olariu, Ashraf Wadaa, Qingwen Xu, and Ivan Stojmenovic). 5. Broadcast authentication and key management for secure sensor networks (Peng Ning and Donggang Liu). 6. Embedded operating systems for wireless micro sensor nodes (Brian Shucker, Jeff Rose, Anmol Sheth, James Carlson, Shah Bhatti, Hui Dai, Jing Deng and Richard Han). 7. Time Synchronization and Calibration in Wireless Sensor Networks (Kay Roemer, Philipp Blum and Lennart Meier). 8. The Wireless Sensor Network MAC (Edgar H. Callaway). 9. Localization in sensor networks (Jonathan Bachrach, and Christopher Taylor). 10. Topology construction and maintenance in wireless sensor networks (Jennifer Hou, Ning Li, and Ivan Stojmenovic). 11. Energy efficient broadcasting, activity scheduling and area coverage in sensor networks (David Simplot-Ryl, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Jie Wu). 12. Geographic and energy aware routing in sensor networks (Hannes Frey and Ivan Stojmenovic). 13. Data-centric protocols for wireless sensor networks (Ivan Stojmenovic and Stephan Olariu). 14. Path exposure, target location, classification and tracking in sensor networks (Kousha Moaveni-Nejad, and XiangYang Li). 15. Data gathering and fusion in sensor networks (Wei-Peng Chen and Jennifer Hou). Index.
469 citations
"Comparative Study of Routing Protoc..." refers background in this paper
...Fig.4 Geographic Forwarding in GEAR...
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...Table1 Classification and Comparison of routing protocols in WSN Routing Protocols Data Aggregation Power Usage Scalability Over head Query Based QoS Data delivery model GAF No Ltd Good Mod No No Virtual grid GEAR No Ltd Ltd Mod No No Demand driven SPEED No Low Ltd Less Yes Yes Geographic SPAN Yes Ltd Ltd High No No Continuously SAR Yes High Ltd High Yes Yes Continuously ACQUIRE Yes Low Ltd Ltd Yes No Complex Query SPIN Yes Ltd Ltd Low Yes No Event driven DD Yes Ltd Ltd Low Yes No Demand driven SOP No Low Good High No No Continuously VGA Yes Low Good High No No Good PEGASIS No Max Good Low No No Chains based TEEN&APTEEN Yes High Good High No No Active Threshold LEACH Yes High Good High No No Cluster head COUGAR Yes Ltd Ltd High Yes No Query driven CADR Ltd Ltd Low Yes No Continuously GBR Yes Low Ltd Low Yes No Hybrid RR Yes Low Good Low Yes No Demand driven...
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...Data centric protocols are classified in to nine categories of routing protocols are as follows: SPIN, DD, RR, MCFA, GBR, IDSQ, CADR, COUGAR, ACQUIRE, EAR [6]....
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Proceedings Article•
20 Feb 2011TL;DR: A comprehensive simulation study illustrates that the lifetime of WSN can be consequentially extended with LEAR, and the LEAR algorithm has been developed, tested and validated through a set of experiments to illustrate the relative advantages and capabilities of a proposed algorithm.
Abstract: Minimizing Energy consumption is considered as one of the most important principles in the development of routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In this study, we propose a Location based Energy-Aware Reliable routing protocol (LEAR) for WSN based on sensor position and clustering. Geographical routing protocols are efficient and convenient for optimum energy consumption and bandwidth utilization. Most of the existing geographic routing protocols make use of greedy routing to forward packets from source to destination. Enhance Greedy Forwarding is proposed to perform a geographic, efficient and reliable routing for WSN. A comprehensive simulation study illustrates that the lifetime of WSN can be consequentially extended with LEAR. Finally, LEAR algorithm has been developed, tested and validated through a set of experiments to illustrate the relative advantages and capabilities of a proposed algorithm.
21 citations
TL;DR: This Editorial is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at ODU Digital Commons and has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODu Digital Commons.
Abstract: This Editorial is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@odu.edu. Repository Citation Olariu, Stephan; Simplot-Ryl, David; and Stojmenovic, Ivan, \"Introduction: Data Communication and Topology Algorithms for Sensor Networks\" (2005). Computer Science Faculty Publications. 98. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/computerscience_fac_pubs/98
1 citations