Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative Toxicity of Nanoparticulate ZnO, Bulk ZnO, and ZnCl2 to a Freshwater Microalga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): The Importance of Particle Solubility
Natasha M. Franklin,Nicola J. Rogers,Simon C. Apte,Graeme E. Batley,Gerald E. Gadd,Philip S. Casey +5 more
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TLDR
Care needs to be taken in toxicity testing in ascribing toxicity to nanoparticles per se when the effects may be related, at least in part, to simple solubility, as this study has shown.Abstract:
Metal oxide nanoparticles are finding increasing application in various commercial products, leading to concerns for their environmental fate and potential toxicity. It is generally assumed that nanoparticles will persist as small particles in aquatic systems and that their bioavailability could be significantly greater than that of larger particles. The current study using nanoparticulate ZnO (ca. 30 nm) has shown that this is not always so. Particle characterization using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques showed that particle aggregation is significant in a freshwater system, resulting in flocs ranging from several hundred nanometers to several microns. Chemical investigations using equilibrium dialysis demonstrated rapid dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles in a freshwater medium (pH 7.6), with a saturation solubility in the milligram per liter range, similar to that of bulk ZnO. Toxicity experiments using the freshwater alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata revealed c...read more
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Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism.
Amna Sirelkhatim,Shahrom Mahmud,Azman Seeni,Noor Haida Mohamad Kaus,Ling Chuo Ann,Siti Khadijah Mohd Bakhori,Habsah Hasan,Dasmawati Mohamad +7 more
TL;DR: This review covered ZnO-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination,ZnO particle properties (size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects
Stephen J. Klaine,Pedro J. J. Alvarez,Graeme E. Batley,Teresa F. Fernandes,Richard D. Handy,Delina Y. Lyon,Shaily Mahendra,Mike J. McLaughlin,Jamie R. Lead +8 more
TL;DR: This review critiques existing nanomaterial research in freshwater, marine, and soil environments and illustrates the paucity of existing research and demonstrates the need for additional research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of the mechanism of toxicity of zinc oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles based on dissolution and oxidative stress properties.
Tian Xia,Michael Kovochich,Monty Liong,Lutz Mädler,Lutz Mädler,Benjamin Gilbert,Haibin Shi,Joanne I. Yeh,Jeffrey I. Zink,Andre E. Nel +9 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that metal oxide nanoparticles induce a range of biological responses that vary from cytotoxic to cytoprotective and can only be properly understood by using a tiered test strategy such as that developed for oxidative stress and adapted to study other aspects of nanoparticle toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: Potential applications and implications
Qilin Li,Shaily Mahendra,Delina Y. Lyon,Lena Brunet,Michael V. Liga,Dong Li,Pedro J. J. Alvarez +6 more
TL;DR: The antimicrobial mechanisms of several nanoparticles are reviewed, their merits, limitations and applicability for water disinfection and biofouling control are discussed, and research needs to utilize novel nanomaterials for water treatment applications are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective
Mélanie Auffan,Jérôme Rose,Jérôme Rose,Jean-Yves Bottero,Jean-Yves Bottero,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Jean-Pierre Jolivet,Jean-Pierre Jolivet,Mark R. Wiesner +9 more
TL;DR: It is argued that evidence for novel size-dependent properties alone, rather than particle size, should be the primary criterion in any definition of nanoparticles when making decisions about their regulation for environmental, health and safety reasons.
References
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Oxide Nanoparticles: Comparison to Asbestos, Silica, and the Effect of Particle Solubility†
Tobias J. Brunner,Peter Wick,Pius Manser,Philipp Spohn,Robert N. Grass,Ludwig K. Limbach,and Arie Bruinink,Wendelin J. Stark +7 more
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