Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative ultrastructure of corneal surface topography in insects with aspects on phylogenesis and function
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TLDR
The higher relative number of group II and III corneas (low- and full-sized nipples) in the anagenetieally highest orders and the exclusive occurrence of group III corNEas in the most advanced orders, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, may indicate a progressive development of nipples during phylogenesis.Abstract:
The corneas of some nocturnal Lepidoptera carry an array of surface protuberances (nipples), about 200 mμ high, that acts as an impedance transformer equalizing by gradual transition the refractive index of air to that of the cornea. A screening of the insect class has been carried out in the present study with respect to the variation in corneal topography seen in previous obsarvations.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-reflective coatings: A critical, in-depth review
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic concepts and strategies adopted to minimize reflectance of anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) are described in greater detail and state-of-the-art fabrication techniques have been fully illustrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies
TL;DR: The calculated dependence of the reflectance on polarization and angle of incidence agreed well with experimental data, underscoring the validity of the modelling, and the reduced size of the nipples of most butterfly species indicates a vanishing trait.
Book ChapterDOI
Spectral Sensitivity and Color Vision in Invertebrates
TL;DR: In this paper, the wavelength difference of light emitted from light sources or reflected from objects is investigated. And the spectral composition of light is based upon the fact that light coming directly from light source, e.g., the sun, sky, and moon, is characterized by its relatively high content of short wavelength (450nm) (Figs. 1).
Journal ArticleDOI
Bio-Optics and Bio-Inspired Optical Materials.
TL;DR: This review discusses various optical phenomena, including absorption and transparency, diffraction, interference, reflection and antireflection, scattering, light harvesting, wave guiding and lensing, camouflage, and bioluminescence, that are responsible for the unique optical properties of materials and structures found in nature and biology.
Book ChapterDOI
The visual system of insects
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on the structural organization of compound eyes, which are the principal photoreceptors of adult insects and is characterized by markedly different sizes and pigmentation of ommatidia.
References
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Journal Article
Structural and functional adaptation in a visual system - Strukturelle und funktionelle Adaptation in einem visuellen System
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure and formation of the cuticulin layer in the epicuticle of an insect, Calpodes ethlius (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae).
TL;DR: The formation of the cuticulin membrane may be a useful model for studying the origin of membranes in general because it arises as a triple layer de novo and is not a modified plasma membrane.