Comparison of filler percolation and mechanical properties in graphene and carbon nanotubes filled epoxy nanocomposites
TL;DR: In this article, the filler percolation network of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown by chemical vapor deposition and thermally reduced functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) in an epoxy resin was evaluated by the plate-plate rheological response of un-cured dispersions and the electrical properties of cured materials.
About: This article is published in European Polymer Journal.The article was published on 2013-06-01. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carbon nanotube & Percolation threshold.
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TL;DR: Recently, carbonaceous nanofillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play a promising role due to their better structural, functional properties and broad range of applications in every field as mentioned in this paper.
1,097 citations
TL;DR: Graphene-based materials and their composites possess promising applications in wide range of fields such as, electronics, biomedical aids, membranes, flexible wearable sensors and actuators as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Recent years have perceived many innovations in research and advancement of graphene, the thinnest two-dimensional atomic material. Graphene-based materials and their composites possess promising applications in wide range of fields such as, electronics, biomedical aids, membranes, flexible wearable sensors and actuators. The latest studies and progression in this subject area often produce inconsistent or inconclusive results. This review article assesses and summarises published data so as to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of state of the art. Firstly, the distinct structural nature of the graphene materials available is elucidated, as well as different production techniques available thus far. The assessment then discusses the various composites focusing different sub-functional regimes such as mechanical and collective functional applications such as energy, electronics biomedical, membranes and sensors. The utilisation of graphene and its derivatives in the manufacture of nanocomposites with different polymer matrices has been reconnoitred. Finally, a conclusion and perspective are given to discussing the remaining challenges for graphene nanocomposites in functional science and engineering.
610 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solvent-based epoxy coatings filled with graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) was developed to enhance the corrosion protection of mild steel substrates.
418 citations
TL;DR: In this article, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets were dispersed by ultrasonication into an epoxy matrix and the effects of CNT:GNP ratios on the mechanical and electrical properties of the hybrid composites were investigated.
355 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of graphite nano-platelets (GNPs) on the electrical and thermal conductivity, fracture toughness and storage modulus of the nano-composite was investigated.
280 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a formula for the electric tunnel effect through a potential barrier of arbitrary shape existing in a thin insulating film was derived for a rectangular barrier with and without image forces, where the true image potential was considered and compared to the approximate parabolic solution derived by Holm and Kirschstein.
Abstract: A formula is derived for the electric tunnel effect through a potential barrier of arbitrary shape existing in a thin insulating film. The formula is applied to a rectangular barrier with and without image forces. In the image force problem, the true image potential is considered and compared to the approximate parabolic solution derived by Holm and Kirschstein. The anomalies associated with Holm's expression for the intermediate voltage characteristic are resolved. The effect of the dielectric constant of the insulating film is discussed in detail, and it is shown that this constant affects the temperature dependence of the J‐V characteristic of a tunnel junction.
3,727 citations
"Comparison of filler percolation an..." refers background in this paper
...Moreover, the macroscopic electrical behavior of the material is also influenced by tunneling conduction mechanisms and interparticle connections [35] which are less effective in the case of FGS....
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TL;DR: Modulus, ultimate strength and thermal stability follow a similar trend, with values for functionalized graphene sheet- poly(methyl methacrylate) rivaling those for single-walled carbon nanotube-poly(methyl methamphetamine) composites.
Abstract: Polymer-based composites were heralded in the 1960s as a new paradigm for materials. By dispersing strong, highly stiff fibres in a polymer matrix, high-performance lightweight composites could be developed and tailored to individual applications. Today we stand at a similar threshold in the realm of polymer nanocomposites with the promise of strong, durable, multifunctional materials with low nanofiller content. However, the cost of nanoparticles, their availability and the challenges that remain to achieve good dispersion pose significant obstacles to these goals. Here, we report the creation of polymer nanocomposites with functionalized graphene sheets, which overcome these obstacles and provide superb polymer-particle interactions. An unprecedented shift in glass transition temperature of over 40 degrees C is obtained for poly(acrylonitrile) at 1 wt% functionalized graphene sheet, and with only 0.05 wt% functionalized graphene sheet in poly(methyl methacrylate) there is an improvement of nearly 30 degrees C. Modulus, ultimate strength and thermal stability follow a similar trend, with values for functionalized graphene sheet- poly(methyl methacrylate) rivaling those for single-walled carbon nanotube-poly(methyl methacrylate) composites.
3,245 citations
"Comparison of filler percolation an..." refers background in this paper
...This fact can be attributed to both effects, the functionalization and the planar geometry, predominantly to its morphology because the small thickness of the sheets with a much wrinkled topology at the nanoscale results in a better mechanical interlocking with the polymer chains and a more impeded crack propagation [40]....
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TL;DR: Graphene platelets significantly out-perform carbon nanotube additives in terms of mechanical properties enhancement, and may be related to their high specific surface area, enhanced nanofiller-matrix adhesion/interlocking arising from their wrinkled (rough) surface, as well as the two-dimensional geometry of graphene platelets.
Abstract: In this study, the mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites with graphene platelets, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotube additives were compared at a nanofiller weight fraction of 0.1 ± 0.002%. The mechanical properties measured were the Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, fracture toughness, fracture energy, and the material’s resistance to fatigue crack propagation. The results indicate that graphene platelets significantly out-perform carbon nanotube additives. The Young’s modulus of the graphene nanocomposite was ∼31% greater than the pristine epoxy as compared to ∼3% increase for single-walled carbon nanotubes. The tensile strength of the baseline epoxy was enhanced by ∼40% with graphene platelets compared to ∼14% improvement for multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The mode I fracture toughness of the nanocomposite with graphene platelets showed ∼53% increase over the epoxy compared to ∼20% improvement for multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The fatigue resistance resu...
2,367 citations
"Comparison of filler percolation an..." refers background or methods in this paper
...FGS nanocomposites shows the most outstanding mechanical performance as previously reported [10,11]....
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...Meanwhile, graphene sheets nanocomposites show a better mechanical performance [10,11] which is attributed to the large specific area and planar geometry of the graphene and/or to a better mechanical interlocking of the nanofiller/matrix interface....
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TL;DR: In this article, the theoretical external specific surface area of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and of carbon-nanotube bundles is calculated as a function of their characteristics.
1,836 citations
TL;DR: In this article, double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) and an epoxy matrix were produced by a standard calandering technique and a very good dispersion of both DWCNT and carbon black (CB) was observed.
1,455 citations
"Comparison of filler percolation an..." refers background in this paper
...The explanation to this stiffening effect without reducing the strength of the material is attributed to an appropriate impregnation with the matrix and good adhesion at the filler/matrix interphase [36]....
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