Comparison of lithium-ion recycling processes for electric vehicle batteries
01 Jan 2020-pp 753
About: The article was published on 2020-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Lithium & Electric vehicle.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a smelting recovery of Co, Ni, Mn, and Li from three types of LIBs materials is demonstrated in two trials (Trial I and Trial II) in a pilot-scale Electric Arc Furnace.
35 citations
01 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the use of a photovoltaic system in conjunction with a second life lithium-ion battery (LIB) as an off-grid hybrid system to electrify an island in Lake Victoria in Tanzania as a socio-economic case study.
Abstract: Socio-economic development in the rural regions of Africa cannot succeed without suitable infrastructure. An essential key to this is electrification. Despite various national and international activities and expansion programmes, and a wide variety of actors, their implementation is progressing slowly. In order to supply remote areas with electricity, off-grid system technologies have become increasingly common in recent years. In this article, we present the use of a photovoltaic system in conjunction with a 85 kWh second life lithium-ion battery (LIB) as an off-grid hybrid system to electrify an island in Lake Victoria in Tanzania as a socio-economic case study. This off-grid hybrid system was able to supply an average of 42.31 kWh of energy per day, with the daily demand of the key infrastructure successfully connected in the project, such as the local hospital and school, amounting to 18.75 kWh. The scaled annual production of 15,443.16 kWh offers enough potential to include private households as well as the local fishing industry in the power supply. Assuming an expected lifetime of 15 years, the described system amortises itself from the 4th year. In addition, this project should also serve as a possible second life scenario for batteries with regard to the rapidly developing global electromobility and the perspective return of used LIBs. An economic and an ecological evaluation shows a solution approach of using a second life lithium-ion battery compared to a conventional diesel generator solution. The consideration of health aspects is included in the evaluation.
9 citations
References
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TL;DR: This work identifies general characteristics of product recovery networks and compares them with traditional logistics structures, and derives a classification scheme for different types of recovery networks.
Abstract: Recovery of used products is receiving much attention recently due to growing environmental concern. Efficient implementation requires appropriate logistics structures to be set up for the arising goods flow from users to producers. We investigate the design of such logistics networks. As a basis for our analysis we review recent case studies on logistics network design for product recovery in different industries. We identify general characteristics of product recovery networks and compare them with traditional logistics structures. Moreover, we derive a classification scheme for different types of recovery networks.
795 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a recycling process for portable Li-ion batteries was developed combining a mechanical pretreatment with hydro-and pyrometallurgical process steps for the recovery of cobalt and lithium.
548 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the current status of technologies applied to recycle portable batteries, e.g. lead acid will not be described here, are reviewed and a review of the technologies involved in the collection, sorting and processing of portable batteries is presented.
506 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look ahead to the time when the spent batteries will be ready for final disposition, and consider what actions can be started now to avoid the impediments to recycling and ensure that economical and sustainable options are available at the end of the batteries' useful life.
322 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the main battery-recycling processes currently used and those that are being developed are described and discussed, as well as technological options for the recycling of lead acid, Zn-C, ZN-MnO 2, nickel metal hydride, nickel-cadmium, lithium and lithium ion batteries.
261 citations