Comparison of sorption and desorption studies of heavy metal ions from biochar and commercial active carbon
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various operating factors such as: adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, initial concentration and temperature on the sorption of heavy metal ions of Cu(II, Zn(II), Cd( II), Co(II and Pb(II) were carried out using the commercial active carbon Purolite AC 20 and biochar.
About: This article is published in Chemical Engineering Journal.The article was published on 2017-01-01. It has received 392 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sorption & Desorption.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a brief review on the use, theory and future perspectives of conventional, as well as novel materials towards heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment application is presented.
486 citations
TL;DR: A broad-spectrum heavy metal ion trap is proposed by incorporation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid into a robust metal-organic framework and demonstrated its versatility for heavy metal adsorption.
Abstract: Current technologies for removing heavy metal ions are typically metal ion specific. Herein we report the development of a broad-spectrum heavy metal ion trap by incorporation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid into a robust metal-organic framework. The capture experiments for a total of 22 heavy metal ions, covering hard, soft, and borderline Lewis metal ions, show that the trap is very effective, with removal efficiencies of >99% for single-component adsorption, multi-component adsorption, or in breakthrough processes. The material can also serve as a host for metal ion loading with arbitrary selections of metal ion amounts/types with a controllable uptake ratio to prepare well-dispersed single or multiple metal catalysts. This is supported by the excellent performance of the prepared Pd2+-loaded composite toward the Suzuki coupling reaction. This work proposes a versatile heavy metal ion trap that may find applications in the fields of separation and catalysis.
479 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the bentonite clay was employed to synthesize a geopolymer that can remove heavy metals such as Cu(II), Pb, Ni, Cd, and Hg(II) from industrial wastewaters.
239 citations
01 Mar 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the latest development in reported biochar-based materials as superior adsorbents or catalysts for removing harmful organic contaminants from wastewater is presented, which is in favor of the organic contaminant removal.
Abstract: As a class of famous carbon materials, biochars (BCs) and their derivative materials with excellent physicochemical properties and diversified functionalities present great potential in wastewater treatment fields. This review focuses on the latest development in reported biochar-based materials as superior adsorbents or catalysts for removing harmful organic contaminants from wastewater. The construction and properties of biochar-based materials are briefly introduced at the beginning. As one of the major factors affecting the properties of BCs, the wide diversity of feedstocks, such as agricultural and forest residues, industrial by-products as well as municipal wastes, endows BCs different chemical compositions and structures. Woody and herbaceous BCs usually have higher carbon contents, larger surface areas and strong aromaticity, which is in favor of the organic contaminant removal. Driven by the desire of more cost-effective materials, several types of biochar-based hybrid materials, such as magnetic BC composites (MBC), nanometal/nanometallic oxides/hydroxide BC composites and layered nanomaterial-coated BCs, as well as physically/chemically activated BCs, have also been developed. With the help of foreign materials, these types of hybrid BCs have excellent capacities to remove a wide range of organic contaminants, including organic dyestuff, phenols and chemical intermediates, as well as pharmaceutically active compounds, from aquatic solutions. Depending on the different types of biochar-based materials, organic contaminants can be removed by different mechanisms, such as physical adsorption, electrostatic interaction, π–π interaction and Fenton process, as well as photocatalytic degradation. In summary, the low cost, tunable surface chemistry and excellent physical–chemical properties of BCs allow it to be a potential material in organic contaminant removal. The combination of BCs with foreign materials endows BCs more functionalities and broader development opportunities. Considering the urgent demand of practical wastewater treatment, we hope more researches will focus on the applications and commercialization of biochar-based materials.
230 citations
TL;DR: The remarkable Adsorption capacities with higher reusability characteristics for adsorption of organic pollutants as well as inorganic heavy metals entrusts this activated biochar as a potential cost-effective adsorbent to mitigate water pollution issue.
213 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the rate of adsorption of persistent organic compounds on granular carbon is quite low and the rate is partially a function of the pore size distribution of the adsorbent, of the molecular size and configuration of the solute, and of the relative electrokinetic properties of adsorbate and adsorbents.
Abstract: Laboratory investigations show that rates of adsorption of persistent organic compounds on granular carbon are quite low. Intraparticle diffusion of solute appears to control the rate of uptake, thus the rate is partially a function of the pore size distribution of the adsorbent, of the molecular size and configuration of the solute, and of the relative electrokinetic properties of adsorbate and adsorbent. Systemic factors such as temperature and pH will influence the rates of adsorption; rates increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing pH. The effect of initial concentration of solute is of considerable significance, the rate of uptake being a linear function of the square-root of concentration within the range of experimentation. Relative reaction rates also vary reciprocally with the square of the diameter of individual carbon particle for a given weight of carbon. Based on the findings of the research, fluidized-bed operation is suggested as an efficient means of using adsorption for treatment of waters and waste waters.
7,115 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the sorption of two dyes, namely Basic Blue 69 and Acid Blue 25 onto peat has been studied in terms of pseudo-second order and first order mechanisms for chemical sorption as well as an intraparticle diffusion mechanism process.
3,502 citations
TL;DR: A review of recent applications of biochars, produced from biomass pyrolysis (slow and fast), in water and wastewater treatment, and a few recommendations for further research have been made in the area of biochar development for application to water filtration.
1,738 citations
TL;DR: The precise half-life of biochar is still disputed, and this will have important implications for the value of the technology, particularly in carbon trading as mentioned in this paper, and it is not clear under what conditions, and over what period of time, biochar develops its adsorbing properties.
Abstract: At best, common renewable energy strategies can only offset fossil fuel emissions of CO2 – they cannot reverse climate change. One promising approach to lowering CO2 in the atmosphere while producing energy is biochar bio-energy, based on low-temperature pyrolysis. This technology relies on capturing the off-gases from thermal decomposition of wood or grasses to produce heat, electricity, or biofuels. Biochar is a major by-product of this pyrolysis, and has remarkable environmental properties. In soil, biochar was shown to persist longer and to retain cations better than other forms of soil organic matter. The precise half-life of biochar is still disputed, however, and this will have important implications for the value of the technology, particularly in carbon trading. Furthermore, the cation retention of fresh biochar is relatively low compared to aged biochar in soil, and it is not clear under what conditions, and over what period of time, biochar develops its adsorbing properties. Research is still n...
1,600 citations
"Comparison of sorption and desorpti..." refers background in this paper
...Properly selected gasification conditions such as temperature, vapour residence time, heating rate allow to control the properties of the resulting biochar [11,12]....
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...As the optimal temperature for the production of biochar, Lehmann [12] indicates 823 K....
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