Compensation of the inherent wave front curvature in digital holographic coherent microscopy for quantitative phase-contrast imaging
TL;DR: An approach is proposed for removing the wavefront curvature introduced by the microscope imaging objective in digital holography, which otherwise hinders the phase contrast imaging at reconstruction planes and it is shown that a correction effect can be obtained at all reconstruction planes.
Abstract: An approach is proposed for removing the wave front curvature introduced by the microscope imaging objective in digital holography, which otherwise hinders the phase contrast imaging at reconstruction planes. The unwanted curvature is compensated by evaluating a correcting wave front at the hologram plane with no need for knowledge of the optical parameters, focal length of the imaging lens, or distances in the setup. Most importantly it is shown that a correction effect can be obtained at all reconstruction planes. Three different methods have been applied to evaluate the correction wave front and the methods are discussed in detail. The proposed approach is demonstrated by applying digital holography as a method of coherent microscopy for imaging amplitude and phase contrast of microstructures.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an automatic procedure, inserted in the hologram reconstruction process, was developed to selectively filter the holographic spectrum, thus increasing the accuracy of the conveyed information and measures performed on images.
Abstract: Digital holography (DH) is a well-established interferometric tool in optical metrology allowing the investigation of engineered surface shapes with microscale lateral resolution and nanoscale axial precision. With the advent of charged coupled devices (CCDs) with smaller pixel sizes, high speed computers and greater pixel numbers, DH became a very feasible technology which offers new possibilities for a large variety of applications. DH presents numerous advantages such as the direct access to the phase information, numerical correction of optical aberrations and the ability of a numerical refocusing from a single hologram. Furthermore, as an interferometric method, DH offers both a nodestructive and no-contact approach to very fragile objects combined with flexibility and a high sensitivity to geometric quantities such as thicknesses and displacements. These features recommend it for the solution of many imaging and measurements problems, such as microelectro-optomechanical systems (MEMS/MEOMS) inspection and characterization. In this work, we propose to improve the performance of a DH measurement on MEMS devices, through digital filters. We have developed an automatic procedure, inserted in the hologram reconstruction process, to selectively filter the hologram spectrum. The purpose is to provide very few noisy reconstructed images, thus increasing the accuracy of the conveyed information and measures performed on images. Furthermore, improving the image quality, we aim to make this technique application as simple and as accurate as possible.
1 citations
01 Jan 2006
1 citations
Cites background from "Compensation of the inherent wave f..."
...For example, optical system aberration can be numerically corrected [13,14] and holographic interferometry can be performed between remotely situated objects through telecommunication links [15]....
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TL;DR: In this article , a numerical and automatic quadratic phase aberration elimination method in digital holography for phase-contrast imaging is proposed. But the method needs no manual intervention for specimen-free zone or prior parameters of optical components.
Abstract: We propose a numerical and automatic quadratic phase aberration elimination method in digital holography for phase-contrast imaging. A histogram segmentation method based on Gaussian 1σ-criterion is used to obtain the accurate coefficients of quadratic aberrations using the weighted least-squares algorithm. This method needs no manual intervention for specimen-free zone or prior parameters of optical components. We also propose a maximum-minimum-average-standard deviation (MMASD) metric to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of quadratic aberration elimination. Simulation and experimental results are demonstrated to verify the efficacy of our proposed method over the traditional least-squares algorithm.
1 citations
29 Nov 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the measurement of low-density microporous polymeric foams with digital microscopic image plane holography is studied, and the morphometry and the pore diameter of the polymeric foam under test can be obtained.
Abstract: A method for the measurement of low-density microporous polymeric foams with digital microscopic image plane holography is studied. An image plane hologram of microporous foam is recorded in an optical system of a Mach-Zender interferometer by CCD sensor, and the magnified image, which contains the quantitative information of the intensity and the phase of the microporous foam, is reconstructed numerically from the captured single interference pattern by twice
fast Fourier transform and digital filter processing of frequency spectrum. And the morphometry and the pore diameter of
the microporous foam under test can be obtained. A theoretical analysis has been performed and experimental results of
the polymeric foam are also given. The experimental results show that the method presented in this paper is feasible,
easy in data processing.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: A new method is proposed in which the distribution of complex amplitude at a plane is measured by phase-shifting interferometry and then Fresnel transformed by a digital computer, which can reconstruct an arbitrary cross section of a three-dimensional object with higher image quality and a wider viewing angle than from conventional digital holography using an off-axis configuration.
Abstract: A new method for three-dimensional image formation is proposed in which the distribution of complex amplitude at a plane is measured by phase-shifting interferometry and then Fresnel transformed by a digital computer. The method can reconstruct an arbitrary cross section of a three-dimensional object with higher image quality and a wider viewing angle than from conventional digital holography using an off-axis configuration. Basic principles and experimental verification are described.
1,813 citations
TL;DR: The principle of recording holograms directly on a CCD target is described and a real image of the object is reconstructed from the digitally sampled hologram by means of numerical methods.
Abstract: The principle of recording holograms directly on a CCD target is described. A real image of the object is reconstructed from the digitally sampled hologram by means of numerical methods.
1,444 citations
TL;DR: A new application of digital holography for phase-contrast imaging and optical metrology and an application to surface profilometry shows excellent agreement with contact-stylus probe measurements.
Abstract: We present a new application of digital holography for phase-contrast imaging and optical metrology. This holographic imaging technique uses a CCD camera for recording of a digital Fresnel off-axis hologram and a numerical method for hologram reconstruction. The method simultaneously provides an amplitude-contrast image and a quantitative phase-contrast image. An application to surface profilometry is presented and shows excellent agreement with contact-stylus probe measurements.
1,202 citations
TL;DR: Off-axis holograms recorded with a magnified image of microscopic objects are numerically reconstructed in amplitude and phase by calculation of scalar diffraction in the Fresnel approximation to show that the transverse resolution is equal to the diffraction limit of the imaging system.
Abstract: We present a digital method for holographic microscopy involving a CCD camera as a recording device. Off-axis holograms recorded with a magnified image of microscopic objects are numerically reconstructed in amplitude and phase by calculation of scalar diffraction in the Fresnel approximation. For phase-contrast imaging the reconstruction method involves the computation of a digital replica of the reference wave. A digital method for the correction of the phase aberrations is presented. We present a detailed description of the reconstruction procedure and show that the transverse resolution is equal to the diffraction limit of the imaging system.
1,174 citations
TL;DR: The principles and major applications of digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms (digital holography) are described, which are applied to measure shape and surface deformation of opaque bodies and refractive index fields within transparent media.
Abstract: This article describes the principles and major applications of digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms (digital holography). Digital holography became feasible since charged coupled devices (CCDs) with suitable numbers and sizes of pixels and computers with sufficient speed became available. The Fresnel or Fourier holograms are recorded directly by the CCD and stored digitally. No film material involving wet-chemical or other processing is necessary. The reconstruction of the wavefield, which is done optically by illumination of a hologram, is performed by numerical methods. The numerical reconstruction process is based on the Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral, which describes the diffraction of the reconstructing wave at the micro-structure of the hologram. In the numerical reconstruction process not only the intensity, but also the phase distribution of the stored wavefield can be computed from the digital hologram. This offers new possibilities for a variety of applications. Digital holography is applied to measure shape and surface deformation of opaque bodies and refractive index fields within transparent media. Further applications are imaging and microscopy, where it is advantageous to refocus the area under investigation by numerical methods.
1,171 citations