Component Carrier Management for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced System

doi:10.1109/VETECS.2011.5956228

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Component Carrier Management for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced System

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Component Carrier Management for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced System

Liu Liu¹, Mingju Li¹, Juejia Zhou¹, Xiaoming She¹, Lan Chen¹, Yuta Sagae¹, Mikio Iwamura¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

NTT DoCoMo¹

15 May 2011-pp 1-6

TL;DR: The proposed CC management method is shown by simulation results to be effective in providing comparable user throughput with lower implementation complexity, as compared to solely ingenious resource allocation.

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Abstract: This paper focuses on investigating appropriate management of Component Carriers(CCs) in carrier aggregation( CA) system, which is identified as one of the most distinct features of 4G systems including Long Term Evolution- Advanced (LTE-A). An LTE-A user equipment (UE) is allowed to concurrently utilize multiple carriers, which leads to scalable increase in user throughput. However, in certain circumstances, aggregating entire available carriers for a UE is not meaningful due to probably low channel quality or high traffic load in some of the CCs. Therefore, how to make good use of multiple carriers in real deployment scenarios is an important issue. Based on the analysis of resource allocation across multiple carriers in Layer-2, two CC management methods in Layer- 3 are proposed. The proposed method is shown by simulation results to be effective in providing comparable user throughput with lower implementation complexity, as compared to solely ingenious resource allocation.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A Survey of Radio Resource Management for Spectrum Aggregation in LTE-Advanced

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Haeyoung Lee¹, Seiamak Vahid¹, Klaus Moessner¹•Institutions (1)

University of Surrey¹

22 Jan 2014-IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

TL;DR: On-going research on the different RRM aspects and algorithms to support CA in LTE-Advanced are surveyed, followed by requirements on radio resource management (RRM) functionality in support of CA.

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Abstract: In order to satisfy the requirements of future IMT-Advanced mobile systems, the concept of spectrum aggregation is introduced by 3GPP in its new LTE-Advanced (LTE Rel. 10) standards. While spectrum aggregation allows aggregation of carrier components (CCs) dispersed within and across different bands (intra/inter-band) as well as combination of CCs having different bandwidths, spectrum aggregation is expected to provide a powerful boost to the user throughput in LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). However, introduction of spectrum aggregation or carrier aggregation (CA) as referred to in LTE Rel. 10, has required some changes from the baseline LTE Rel. 8 although each CC in LTE-A remains backward compatible with LTE Rel. 8. This article provides a review of spectrum aggregation techniques, followed by requirements on radio resource management (RRM) functionality in support of CA. On-going research on the different RRM aspects and algorithms to support CA in LTE-Advanced are surveyed. Technical challenges for future research on aggregation in LTE-Advanced systems are also outlined.

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170 citations

Cites background or methods from "Component Carrier Management for Ca..."

...2GHz first, and then after checking the load on CCs, moves the UEs with the highest CQI in 2GHz to the 5GHz band - But has increased complexity due to switching and does not consider UEs using CCs in different bands at the same time RSRP based selection [5] - allocates the better CC to the UE whose average data rate is relatively small - is particularly effective for the real-time traffic G-factor based selection [30] - makes use of identities of cell-edge UEs based on G-factor - for LTE UEs, can allocate the best quality of CC to cell-edge UEs & the least load CC to other UEs - for LTE-A UEs, can allocate all CCs - is particularly effective in scenarios with large differences in G-factor distributions between CCs CC Management with consideration for different channel characteristics Absolute policy [22] - supports addition/removal of a CC when signal quality of a CC is higher/lower than a certain threshold, respectively - It is a challenge how to choose the fixed value for the absolute threshold Relative policy [22] - supports addition/removal of a CC when signal quality of a CC is offset higher/lower than that of PCC - exhibits better performance than Absolute policy - It is a challenge how to adjust the offsets based on specific conditions encountered...
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...In [22], two CC management schemes for SCCs are proposed: absolute policy and relative policy....
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...CC selection followed by RB assignment on each CC [22], [32], [36], [42]....
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...How best to assign the CCs to each user according to its carrier capability and the circumstances, as well as how to multiplex multiple users in each CC [22] [39], remains one of the key issues in the design of resource management schemes for CA-based systems....
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...based on measurements of reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) [18]) [22]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Full length article: LTE-Advanced and the evolution to Beyond 4G (B4G) systems

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Ian F. Akyildiz¹, David M. Gutierrez-Estevez¹, Ravikumar Balakrishnan¹, Elias Chavarria-Reyes¹•Institutions (1)

Georgia Institute of Technology¹

01 Mar 2014-Physical Communication

TL;DR: A state-of-the-art comprehensive view on the key enabling technologies for LTE-Advanced systems is provided while novel approaches and enhancements currently under consideration for Rel-12 are also discussed.

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125 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

An Efficient Downlink Radio Resource Allocation with Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced Networks

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Hong-Sheng Liao¹, Po-Yu Chen², Wen-Tsuen Chen²•Institutions (2)

Chunghwa Telecom¹, Academia Sinica²

06 Jan 2014-IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing

TL;DR: A novel greedy-based scheme is proposed to maximize the system throughput while maintaining proportional fairness of radio resource allocation among all UEs and shows that this scheme can guarantee at least half of the performance of the optimal solution.

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Abstract: In long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) networks, the carrier aggregation technique is incorporated for user equipments (UEs) to simultaneously aggregate multiple component carriers (CCs) for achieving higher transmission rate. Many research works for LTE-A systems with carrier aggregation configuration have concentrated on the radio resource management problem for downlink transmission, including mainly CC assignment and packet scheduling. Most previous studies have not considered that the assigned CCs in each UE can be changed. Furthermore, they also have not considered the modulation and coding scheme constraint, as specified in LTE-A standards. Therefore, their proposed schemes may limit the radio resource usage and are not compatible with LTE-A systems. In this paper, we assume that the scheduler can reassign CCs to each UE at each transmission time interval and formulate the downlink radio resource scheduling problem under the modulation and coding scheme constraint, which is proved to be NP-hard. Then, a novel greedy-based scheme is proposed to maximize the system throughput while maintaining proportional fairness of radio resource allocation among all UEs. We show that this scheme can guarantee at least half of the performance of the optimal solution. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the schemes in previous studies.

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86 citations

Cites background from "Component Carrier Management for Ca..."

...To achieve the peak data rate required by IMT-Advanced, Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) under the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifies that user equipments (UEs) support bandwidth up to 100 MHz....
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...IN recent years, the number of users using intelligenthand-held equipments increases significantly due to rapid development of information and communication technologies and novel applications....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Investigation on elevation beamforming for future LTE-Advanced

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Yang Song¹, Xiang Yun¹, Satoshi Nagata¹, Lan Chen¹•Institutions (1)

NTT DoCoMo¹

09 Jun 2013

TL;DR: This paper investigates and analyzes three typical elevation beamforming scenarios which are most likely to be applied in future LTE-Advanced systems: vertical sectorization with same carrier frequency, verticalsectorization with different carrier frequency based on carrier aggregation, and user-specific elevation beamform.

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Abstract: This paper investigates and analyzes three typical elevation beamforming scenarios which are most likely to be applied in future LTE-Advanced systems: vertical sectorization with same carrier frequency, vertical sectorization with different carrier frequency based on carrier aggregation, and user-specific elevation beamforming. Preliminary evaluation using WINNERII/WINNER+ based 3D MIMO channel modeling is carried out to compare these scenarios with the conventional system with single downtilting. It is shown that the latter two elevation beamforming scenarios can achieve good performance.

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39 citations

Cites background or methods from "Component Carrier Management for Ca..."

...The paper applies a simple independent scheduling [12], in which the scheduler performs single carrier scheduling in each active CC separately, not aware of the scheduling status of the other CC of the same BS....
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...For vertical sectorization with different carrier frequency based on CA, more advanced scheduling algorithms such as joint scheduling [12] between the two vertical sectors, i....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Carrier aggregation in Long Term Evolution-Advanced

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Mohammed Abduljawad M. Al-Shibly¹, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi¹, Jalel Chebil¹•Institutions (1)

International Islamic University Malaysia¹

16 Jul 2012

TL;DR: An outline of carrier aggregation including aggregation structure, deployment scenarios, implementation, main design features and backward compatibility with legacy LTE systems is provided.

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Abstract: Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) provides considerably higher data rates than even early releases of LTE. One key enhancement feature is bandwidth extension by the use of multicarrier technology to support deployment bandwidth up to 100 MHz. In order to achieve up to 1 Gb/s peak data rate in IMT-Advanced mobile systems, carrier aggregation technology is introduced by the 3GPP to support very-high-data-rate transmissions over wide frequency bandwidths (e.g., up to 100 MHz) in its new LTE-Advanced standards. The carrier aggregation (CA) technology allows scalable expansion of effective bandwidth provided to a user terminal through simultaneous utilization of radio resources across multiple carriers. The CA in LTE-Advanced is designed to support aggregation of a variety of different arrangements of component carriers (CCs), including CCs of the same or different bandwidths, contiguous or non- contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, and CCs in different frequency bands. The CA is supported by both formats of LTE, specifically the frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) variants. This guarantees that both FDD LTE and TDD LTE are able to meet the high data throughput requirements placed upon them. This paper provides an outline of carrier aggregation including aggregation structure, deployment scenarios, implementation, main design features and backward compatibility with legacy LTE systems.

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38 citations

Cites background from "Component Carrier Management for Ca..."

...With this kind of aggregation, mobility robustness can potentially be improved by exploiting different radio propagation characteristics of different bands [11]....
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References

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Open Access

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Data throughput of CDMA-HDR a high efficiency-high data rate personal communication wireless system

[...]

A. Jalali¹, R. Padovani¹, Rajesh K. Pankaj¹•Institutions (1)

Qualcomm¹

15 May 2000

TL;DR: Forward link data throughput performance of a high data rate wireless access system is presented and the throughput of the forward link of the embedded sector is simulated for stationary terminals.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Forward link data throughput performance of a high data rate wireless access system is presented. On the forward link of the proposed system data is transmitted to different access terminals (AT) in a TDM fashion. The rate transmitted to each AT is variable and depends on each AT's measured SINR. ATs send to the access points (AP) the index of the highest data rate which can be received reliably. A scheduler at the AP determines the next terminal to be served based on the reported data rate requests from the terminals and the amount of data that has already been transmitted to each terminal. A cell layout of 19 3-sector and 6-sector hexagonal cells is considered. The throughput of the forward link of the embedded sector is simulated for stationary terminals.

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1,589 citations

"Component Carrier Management for Ca..." refers methods in this paper

...We select a commonly used scheduling algorithm for investigation, namely proportional fair (PF) scheduler[4], which consider user’s channel quality and fairness between users as well in resource allocation....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Carrier aggregation framework in 3GPP LTE-advanced [WiMAX/LTE Update]

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Mikio Iwamura¹, Kamran Etemad², Mo-Han Fong³, R Nory⁴, R Love⁴ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (4)

NTT DoCoMo¹, Intel², BlackBerry Limited³, Motorola⁴

01 Aug 2010-IEEE Communications Magazine

TL;DR: Support for carrier aggregation requires enhancement to the LTE Release 8/9 PHY, MAC, and RRC layers while ensuring that LTE Release 10 maintains backward compatibility to LTE Release8/9.

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Abstract: Carrier aggregation is one of the most distinct features of 4G systems including LTEAdvanced, which is being standardized in 3GPP as part of LTE Release 10. This feature allows scalable expansion of effective bandwidth delivered to a user terminal through concurrent utilization of radio resources across multiple carriers. These carriers may be of different bandwidths, and may be in the same or different bands to provide maximum flexibility in utilizing the scarce radio spectrum available to operators. Support for this feature requires enhancement to the LTE Release 8/9 PHY, MAC, and RRC layers while ensuring that LTE Release 10 maintains backward compatibility to LTE Release 8/9. This article provides an overview of carrier aggregation use cases and the framework, and their impact on LTE Release 8/9 protocol layers.

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382 citations

"Component Carrier Management for Ca..." refers background in this paper

...Among the configured serving cells, one of them is designated as Primary serving Cell (PCell) with its corresponding CC designated as Primary CC (PCC), which provides basic functions as Release 8/9 serving cell[6]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Carrier load balancing and packet scheduling for multi-carrier systems

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Yuanye Wang¹, Klaus I. Pedersen², Troels B. Sorensen¹, Preben Mogensen¹•Institutions (2)

Aalborg University¹, Nokia Networks²

01 May 2010-IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

TL;DR: A simple cross-CC packet scheduling algorithm is proposed that improves the coverage performance and the resource allocation fairness among users, as compared to independent scheduling per CC.

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Abstract: -In this paper we focus on resource allocation for next generation wireless communication systems with aggregation of multiple Component Carriers (CCs), i.e., how to assign the CCs to each user, and how to multiplex multiple users in each CC. We first investigate two carrier load balancing methods for allocating the CCs to the users- Round Robin (RR) and Mobile Hashing (MH) balancing by means of a simple theoretical formulation, as well as system level simulations. At Layer-2 we propose a simple cross-CC packet scheduling algorithm that improves the coverage performance and the resource allocation fairness among users, as compared to independent scheduling per CC. The Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced is selected for the case study of a multi-carrier system. In such a system, RR provides better performance than MH balancing, and the proposed simple scheduling algorithm is shown to be effective in providing up to 90% coverage gain with no loss of the overall cell throughput, as compared to independent scheduling per CC.

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215 citations

"Component Carrier Management for Ca..." refers methods in this paper

...The impact of traffic load (number of concurrent users, ranged as [3, 5, 10, 14, 20]) on the CA performance was evaluated, using average user throughput as the performance measure....
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...In this paper, we first analyze two typical resource allocation methods which have been studied in [2][3], with some modification in implementation....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Resource allocation considerations for multi-carrier LTE-Advanced systems operating in backward compatible mode

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Yuanye Wang¹, Klaus I. Pedersen², Preben Mogensen¹, Troels B. Sorensen¹•Institutions (2)

Aalborg University¹, Nokia Networks²

01 Sep 2009

TL;DR: This paper proposes a simple cross CC packet scheduling algorithm that improves the resource allocation fairness among the two categories of users and is shown to be effective in providing better coverage performance with no loss of the overall cell throughput.

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Abstract: In this paper we focus on LTE-Advanced with backward compatibility, which serves a mixture of LTE-Advanced and LTE-Rel'8 users. Aggregation of multiple component carriers (CCs) to form a wide spectrum is assumed in order to fulfill the bandwidth requirement for the next generation systems, thereby leading to a multi-carrier system. Although a LTE-Advanced user can simultaneously access all the CCs, a LTE-Rel'8 user is restricted to operate on a single CC at a time. Different methods for balancing the load across these CCs will affect the system performance. This is investigated through both analytical methods and system level simulations. Bearing in mind that the LTE-Advanced users are scheduled on more CCs than the LTE-Rel'8 users, we propose a simple cross CC packet scheduling algorithm that improves the resource allocation fairness among the two categories of users. This simple scheduling algorithm is shown to be effective in providing better coverage performance with no loss of the overall cell throughput, as compared to independent scheduling per CC.

...read moreread less

65 citations

"Component Carrier Management for Ca..." refers methods in this paper

...In this paper, we first analyze two typical resource allocation methods which have been studied in [2][3], with some modification in implementation....
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