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Book ChapterDOI

Comprehensive Analysis of α- and β-form of Copper (II) Phthalocyanine for Organic Field-Effect Transistors

01 Jan 2022-pp 503-511
About: The article was published on 2022-01-01. It has received None citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Phthalocyanine & Copper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a high performance OFET with pentacene and copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) was fabricated from organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on the geometry of organic field effect transistors (OFETs); and the effect of the wavelength of the incident light source on their performance was examined.
Abstract: Organic phototransistors (OPTs) were fabricated from pentacene and copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) based on the geometry of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs); and the effect of the wavelength of the incident light source on their performance was examined High performance OFETs with pentacene and CuPC were fabricated and the characteristics of the OPTs were examined under UV and visible-light irradiations with top illumination The CuPC and pentacene OPTs show a high responsivities of 05–2 and 10–50A∕W and maximum IPh∕IDark of 3000 and 13×105, respectively, under 365nm UV light However, under visible light, at a wavelength of 650nm, the pentacene OPTs had 100 times less responsivity, 015–045A∕W, and a IPh∕IDark of 1000, even though an absorption coefficient three times larger was observed at this wavelength than at 365nm A strong correlation was found between the performance of the OPTs and the incident photon to current conversion efficiency spectra of an organic semiconductor The strong depen

194 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The comparison between theoretical data obtained for the CuPc in the beta phase and in the single molecule shows that the interchain interaction between the molecules is negligible, whereas slightly stronger intrachain interactions occur.
Abstract: The electronic structure of copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experiments have been performed on alpha and beta crystalline phases, using photoemission spectroscopy to probe core levels and valence band spectra. Different photon energies have been used, in order to probe different sample depths. Only minor differences have been observed in the experimental data on the two different phases, except for a small charge effect on the beta phase crystal. First-principles calculations have been performed using the density functional for molecular and three-dimensional periodic solids (Dmol(3)) code on both the single CuPc molecule and the beta phase, allowing the identification of the different atomic and angular contributions to the experimental density of states. In particular, the highest occupied molecular level is mainly due to Cu and N states. The comparison between theoretical data obtained for the CuPc in the beta phase and in the single molecule shows that the interchain interaction between the molecules is negligible, whereas slightly stronger intrachain interactions occur.

100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optical absorption of thermally evaporated copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was studied in the UV-VIS-NIR region and the spectral properties such as the molar extinction coefficient (e molar ), the oscillator strength ( f), the electric dipole strength ( q 2 ) and absorption half-bandwidth (Δ λ ) of the principle optical transitions were evaluated.
Abstract: The optical absorption of thermally evaporated copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was studied in the UV-VIS-NIR region. The absorption spectra recorded in the UV-VIS region show two well-defined absorption bands of the phthalocyanine molecules, namely, the Soret ( B ) and the Q -band . The Q -band shows its characteristic splitting (Davydov splitting) of the main absorption peak in the metal phthalocyanine correlates with the relative tendencies of the metal to out-of-plane bonding. Some of the important spectral characteristics such as the molar extinction coefficient (e molar ), the oscillator strength ( f) , the electric dipole strength ( q 2 ) and absorption half-bandwidth (Δ λ ) of the principle optical transitions were evaluated. The analysis of the spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient α in the absorption region revealed two indirect allowed transitions with corresponding energies 2.95±0.03 and 1.55±0.02 eV. The spectra of the infrared absorption allow characterization of vibration modes for the powder, as-deposited material and thin films of CuPc annealed at 423 K for two hours. Discussion of the obtained results and their comparison with the previous published data are also given.

99 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a 6-phase fractional-slot-per-pole per-phase interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine with distributed windings was assessed for the risk of partial irreversible demagnetization under various fault conditions.
Abstract: A 6-phase fractional-slot-per-pole-per-phase interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine having a novel topology of 18-slot, 8-pole and a 6-phase, 48-slot, 8-pole IPM with distributed windings, both designed for a segment-A electric vehicle, are assessed for the risk of partial irreversible demagnetization under various fault conditions. This paper describes a more accurate approach of demagnetization assessment based on 2-D transient finite-element analysis. It is shown that due to the presence of low-order space harmonics in the fractional-slot IPM machine, the demagnetization risks across all pole pairs are different. Compared with the distributed wound machine, the fraction-slot machine is less vulnerable to demagnetization due to relatively high winding inductance, although its demagnetized regions are not uniform in each pole. It is also shown that although the demagnetizing current of one 3-phase short-circuit (SC) is greater than that of 6-phase SC, the resultant demagnetization risk is lower than that of 6-phase SC in the fractional-slotmachine.

96 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of low-voltage pentacene organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with different gate dielectric interfaces is compared and their performance in terms of electrical properties and operational stability is compared.

95 citations