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Comprehensive Renewable Energy

01 Jan 2012-
TL;DR: The comprehensive renewable energy reference work as discussed by the authors is a multi-volume reference work of its type at a time when renewable energy sources are seen increasingly as realistic alternatives to fossil fuels, and can be considered the definitive work for this subject area.
Abstract: "Comprehensive Renewable Energy" is the only multi-volume reference work of its type at a time when renewable energy sources are seen increasingly as realistic alternatives to fossil fuels. As the majority of information published for the target audience is currently available via a wide range of journals, seeking relevant information (be that experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects of either a fundamental or applied nature) can be a time-consuming and complicated process. "Comprehensive Renewable Energy" is arranged according to the most important themes in the field (photovoltaic technology; wind energy technology; fuel cells and hydrogen technology; biomass and biofuels production; hydropower applications; solar thermal systems: components and applications; geothermal energy; ocean energy), and as such users can feel confident that they will find all the relevant information in one place, with helpful cross-referencing between and within all the subject areas, to broaden their understanding and deepen their knowledge. It is an invaluable resource for teaching as well as in research. Available online via SciVerse ScienceDirect and in print. Editor-in Chief, Professor Ali Sayigh (Director General of WREN (World Renewable Energy Network) and Congress Chairman of WREC (World Renewable Energy Congress, UK) has assembled an impressive, world-class team of Volume Editors and Contributing Authors. Each chapter has been painstakingly reviewed and checked for consistent high quality. The result is an authoritative overview which ties the literature together and provides the user with a reliable background information and citation resource. The field of renewable energy counts several journals that are directly and indirectly concerned with the field. There is no reference work that encompasses the entire field and unites the different areas of research through deep foundational reviews. "Comprehensive Renewable Energy" fills this vacuum, and can be considered the definitive work for this subject area. It will help users apply context to the diverse journal literature offering and aid them in identifying areas for further research. Research into renewable energy is spread across a number of different disciplines and subject areas. These areas do not always share a unique identifying factor or subject themselves to clear and concise definitions. This work unites the different areas of research and allows users, regardless of their background, to navigate through the most essential concepts with ease, saving them time and vastly improving their understanding. There are more than 1000 references from books, journals and the internet within the eight volumes. It is full of color charts, illustrations and photographs of real projects and research results from around the world. The only reference work available that encompasses the entire field of renewable energy and unites the different areas of research through deep foundational reviews. Allows readers, regardless of their background, to navigate through the most essential concepts with ease, saving them time and vastly improving their understanding.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis revealed that slow pyrolyzed biochars produced from various feedstocks at temperatures from 300°C to 600°C consistently increased some physico-chemical properties (i.e., pH, cation exchange capacity and aggregation) and microbial parameters (e.g., abundance and community structure of microorganisms) in a vast number of soils during short (≤90 days) laboratory incubations and longer (1-3 years) field studies.

842 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of thermal energy storage (TES) in buildings using sensible, latent heat and thermochemical energy storage is presented, showing that sustainable heating and cooling with TES in buildings can be achieved through passive systems in building envelopes, phase change materials (PCM) in active systems, sorption systems, and seasonal storage.

492 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the trends of modern wind energy technology and potential challenges have been studied thoroughly, and it is estimated that within the next 2-3 decades, the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) can dominate the wind-energy technology.
Abstract: In this paper, along with the progress of modern wind energy technology, the trends of wind energy technology and potential challenges have been studied thoroughly. It is estimated that within the next 2–3 decades, the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) can dominate the wind-energy technology. The VAWT requires less land space and using the same space; it is capable of producing more wind energy than that of its counterpart. By implying the Fish Schooling Concept effectively and successfully, it is possible to advance the wind-energy technology more. In the last 3–4 decades, the wind turbine capacity has been increased around 30–40 times. With the increase of wind energy capacity, the demand of the energy storage system has been increased significantly. Along with the many energy storage systems, fuel cells and batteries are the two most promising devices to meet the demand in RE systems. The wind-energy technology is established itself but not yet fully mature and hence there are many areas where improvements are required to reduce the cost of wind energy.

315 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate energy storage with a regenerative hydrogen fuel cell (RHFC) using net energy analysis, and demonstrate the relative energetic benefit of adding different types of energy storage to a renewable generating facility using [EROI]grid.
Abstract: Energy storage is a promising approach to address the challenge of intermittent generation from renewables on the electric grid. In this work, we evaluate energy storage with a regenerative hydrogen fuel cell (RHFC) using net energy analysis. We examine the most widely installed RHFC configuration, containing an alkaline water electrolyzer and a PEM fuel cell. To compare RHFC's to other storage technologies, we use two energy return ratios: the electrical energy stored on invested (ESOIe) ratio (the ratio of electrical energy returned by the device over its lifetime to the electrical-equivalent energy required to build the device) and the overall energy efficiency (the ratio of electrical energy returned by the device over its lifetime to total lifetime electrical-equivalent energy input into the system). In our reference scenario, the RHFC system has an ESOIe ratio of 59, more favorable than the best battery technology available today (Li-ion, ESOIe = 35). (In the reference scenario RHFC, the alkaline electrolyzer is 70% efficient and has a stack lifetime of 100 000 h; the PEM fuel cell is 47% efficient and has a stack lifetime of 10 000 h; and the round-trip efficiency is 30%.) The ESOIe ratio of storage in hydrogen exceeds that of batteries because of the low energy cost of the materials required to store compressed hydrogen, and the high energy cost of the materials required to store electric charge in a battery. However, the low round-trip efficiency of a RHFC energy storage system results in very high energy costs during operation, and a much lower overall energy efficiency than lithium ion batteries (0.30 for RHFC, vs. 0.83 for lithium ion batteries). RHFC's represent an attractive investment of manufacturing energy to provide storage. On the other hand, their round-trip efficiency must improve dramatically before they can offer the same overall energy efficiency as batteries, which have round-trip efficiencies of 75–90%. One application of energy storage that illustrates the tradeoff between these different aspects of energy performance is capturing overgeneration (spilled power) for later use during times of peak output from renewables. We quantify the relative energetic benefit of adding different types of energy storage to a renewable generating facility using [EROI]grid. Even with 30% round-trip efficiency, RHFC storage achieves the same [EROI]grid as batteries when storing overgeneration from wind turbines, because its high ESOIe ratio and the high EROI of wind generation offset the low round-trip efficiency.

255 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a broad-spectrum assessment of the above pathways is rare in literature in terms of technology used, biofuel yields, potential challenges and possible outcomes, as well as the potential solutions which do not restrict them to different biofuel production pathways.
Abstract: The increased worldwide demand for energy, particularly from petroleum-derived fuels has led to the search for a long-term solution of a reliable source of clean energy. Lignocellulosic biomasses appear to hold the key for a continuous supply of renewable fuels without compromising with the increasing energy needs. However, the major possible solutions to the current energy crisis include ethanol, bio-oils and synthesis gas (syngas) produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Recently, a great deal of research has been made in the fields of biomass conversion through biochemical, hydrothermal or thermochemical pathways to biofuels. However, a broad-spectrum assessment of the above pathways is rare in literature in terms of technology used, biofuel yields, potential challenges and possible outcomes. This review paper discusses different routes for biofuel production, particularly ethanol, bio-oil and syngas with the bio-oil upgrading techniques. This review highlights ethanol fermentation and available biomass pretreatment as the biochemical mode, not limiting to the pros and cons of the pretreatments. Supercritical water gasification (hydrothermal pathway) of biomass for syngas production followed by gas-to-liquid technologies (syngas fermentation and Fischer–Tropsch catalysis) has been discussed. In addition, thermochemical pathway dealing with biomass gasification for syngas and pyrolysis for bio-oils has been presented with compositional analysis of bio-oils and their upgrading technologies. The review focuses on various engineering limitations encountered during biomass conversion and bioprocessing with the potential solutions which do not restrict them to different biofuel production pathways.

246 citations

References
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01 Jan 1959
TL;DR: Chang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a new geometric analysis procedure for wing sections based on the normal mode analysis for continuous functions, which can be used to calculate the section length.
Abstract: The thin airfoil theory for calculation of section ... http://charles-oneill.com/projects/iaf.pdf Thin Airfoil Theory Charles R. O’Neill ... The objective is to review the thin airfoil theory and to apply the theory to three wing sections. THEORY OF WINGS AND WIND TUNNEL TESTING OF A NACA 2415 AIRFOIL http://www.ewp.rpi.edu/hartford/~ernesto/F2011/EP/MaterialsforStudents/Ferrari/Ghods2001.PDF 2.0 STRUCTURE AND THEORY OF WINGS Wing is an aerodynamic structure that generates lift when comes into contact with moving air molecules i.e. wind. tbausyd.wikispaces.com http://tbausyd.wikispaces.com/file/view/aerodynamics_report1.3.doc Abbot & von Doenhoff, 1959, 'Theory of Wing Sections – including a summary of airfoil data', Dover Edition, Dover Publications, New York. Geometric Analysis of Wing Sections RITA | National ... http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/1000/1200/1265/950049_chang.pdf GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF WING SECTIONS I-Chung Chang, Francisco J. Torres, and Chee Tung? Ames Research Center SUMMARY This paper describes a new geometric analysis ... Geometric Analysis of Wing Sections NASA http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19950018209_1995118209.pdf This paper describes a new geometric analysis procedure for wing sections. This procedure is based on the normal mode analysis for continuous functions. 4. Incompressible Potential Flow Virginia Tech http://www.dept.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/C4WHMPanels.doc

1,956 citations

Book
01 Nov 1966
TL;DR: The Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachines (FLMTH) as discussed by the authors is a classic text in the field of turbomachines, which has been used as a core text in both undergraduate and graduate level courses.
Abstract: Turbomachinery is a challenging and diverse field, with applications for professionals and students in many subsets of the mechanical engineering discipline, including fluid mechanics, combustion and heat transfer, dynamics and vibrations, as well as structural mechanics and materials engineering. Originally published more than 40 years ago, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery is the leading turbomachinery textbook. Used as a core text in senior undergraduate and graduate level courses this book will also appeal to professional engineers in the aerospace, global power, oil & gas and other industries who are involved in the design and operation of turbomachines. For this new edition, author S. Larry Dixon is joined by Cesare Hall from the University of Cambridge, whose diverse background of teaching, research and work experience in the area of turbomachines is well suited to the task of reorganizing and updating this classic text. NEW AND KEY FEATURES * Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of turbomachinery of any text in the field* Content has been reorganized to more closely match how instructors currently teach the course* Coverage of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, the basis on which good turbomachine performance depends, has been moved to the front of the book* Includes new design studies of several turbomachines, applying the theories developed in the book* Figures have been updated, along with new photos added, to better illustrate the topics presented* Includes new examples and additional end-of-chapter exercises

831 citations

Book
01 Mar 2002

755 citations

Book
01 Dec 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamique des : fluides, transfert de chaleur, turbomachines, aerodynamique, thermodynamique Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Abstract: Keywords: dynamique des : fluides ; transfert de chaleur ; turbomachines ; aerodynamique ; thermodynamique Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08

528 citations