Comprehensive Review of Distributed FACTS Control Algorithms for Power Quality Enhancement in Utility Grid With Renewable Energy Penetration
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of various conventional and adaptive algorithms used to control DFACTS devices for improvement of power quality in utility grids with RE penetration is presented.
Abstract: Rapid industrialization and its automation on the globe demands increased generation of electrical energy with more reliability and quality. Renewable energy (RE) sources are considered as a green form of energy and extensively used as an alternative source of energy for conventional energy sources to meet the increased demand for electrical power. However, these sources, when integrated to the utility grid, pose challenges in maintaining the power quality (PQ) and stability of the power system network. This is due to the unpredictable and variable nature of generation by these sources. The distributed flexible AC transmission system (DFACTS) devices such as distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) play an active role in mitigating PQ issues associated with RE penetration. The performance of DFACTS devices is mostly dependent on the type of control algorithms employed for switching of these devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various conventional and adaptive algorithms used to control DFACTS devices for improvement of power quality in utility grids with RE penetration. This review intends to provide a summary of the design, experimental hardware, performance and feasibility aspects of these algorithms reported in the literature. More than 170 research publications are critically reviewed, classified, and listed for quick reference for the advantage of engineers and academician working in this area.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: A critical review of techniques used for detection and classification PQ disturbances in the utility grid with renewable energy penetration is presented, to provide various concepts utilized for extraction of the features to detect and classify the P Q disturbances even in the noisy environment.
Abstract: The global concern with power quality is increasing due to the penetration of renewable energy (RE) sources to cater the energy demands and meet de-carbonization targets. Power quality (PQ) disturbances are found to be more predominant with RE penetration due to the variable outputs and interfacing converters. There is a need to recognize and mitigate PQ disturbances to supply clean power to the consumer. This article presents a critical review of techniques used for detection and classification PQ disturbances in the utility grid with renewable energy penetration. The broad perspective of this review paper is to provide various concepts utilized for extraction of the features to detect and classify the PQ disturbances even in the noisy environment. More than 220 research publications have been critically reviewed, classified and listed for quick reference of the engineers, scientists and academicians working in the power quality area.
104 citations
Cites background from "Comprehensive Review of Distributed..."
...These classified disturbances are later mitigated in the mitigation stage using distributed flexible AC transmission system (DFACTS) devices [37]....
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TL;DR: A thorough discussion and comprehensive review of DVR topologies based on operations, power converters, control methods, and applications and the state-of-the-art in works of literature, and comparative study on power quality issues are provided.
Abstract: Power quality is a pressing concern and of the utmost importance for advanced and high-tech equipment in particular, whose performance relies heavily on the supply’s quality. Power quality issues like voltage sags/swells, harmonics, interruptions, etc. are defined as any deviations in current, voltage, or frequency that result in end-use equipment damage or failure. Sensitive loads like medical equipment in hospitals and health clinics, schools, prisons, etc. malfunction for the outages and interruptions, thereby causing substantial economic losses. For enhancing power quality, custom power devices (CPDs) are recommended, among which the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is considered as the best and cost-effective solution. DVR is a power electronic-based solution to mitigate and compensate voltage sags. This paper provides a thorough discussion and comprehensive review of DVR topologies based on operations, power converters, control methods, and applications. The review compares the state-of-the-art in works of literature, and comparative study on power quality issues, the DVR principle along with its operation modes, the DVR components, the DVR topologies based on energy storage, the DVR topologies based on single-/three-phase power converters, and the DVR topologies based on control units that have different control processing stages. Furthermore, modified and improved configurations of the DVR, as well as its integration with distributed generations, are described. This work serves as a comprehensive and useful reference for those who have an interest in researching DVRs.
58 citations
TL;DR: A critical one-stop handbook related to one hundred and four methods in six categories covering all kinds of networks and tailored applications for ESS selection, evaluation criteria, modelling and solution methods is provided.
Abstract: Energy storage system (ESS) has been expected to be a viable solution which can provide diverse benefits to different power system stakeholders, including generation side, transmission network (TN), distribution network (DN) and off-grid microgrid. Prudent ESS allocation in power grids determines satisfactory performance of ESS applications. Optimal sizing and placement of ESS are crucial for power quality improvement of DN and transmission system protection setting. To solve this issue, considerable researches have been done either in modelling or algorithms. However, various options and complex characteristics in different sub-systems make it difficult to appraise a specific method for an ESS application, while the existing reviews only focus on ESS applications in DN. This paper provides a critical one-stop handbook related to one hundred and four methods in six categories covering all kinds of networks and tailored applications. Meanwhile, a systematic methodology is presented with an extensive latest literature review, including ESS selection, evaluation criteria, modelling and solution methods. Particularly, different technical requirements and modelling methods of different sub-systems are outlined. Besides, pros and cons of optimization methods are thoroughly analysed and compared to reveal state-of-the-art studies. Finally, key points in optimal ESS sizing and placement are concluded along with recommendations for future research.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare and relate prior and latest developments on PQ and stability challenges and their solutions and highlight the recommendations and future trends for PQ improvement are highlighted at the end.
Abstract: Recently, the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into electrical power systems is witnessing a large attention due to their inexhaustibility, environmental benefits, storage capabilities, lower maintenance and stronger economy, etc. Among these RESs, offshore wind power plants (OWPP) are ones of the most widespread power plants that have emerged with regard to being competitive with other energy technologies. However, the application of power electronic converters (PECs), offshore transmission lines and large substation transformers result in considerable power quality (PQ) issues in grid connected OWPP. Moreover, due to the installation of filters for each OWPP, some other challenges such as voltage and frequency stability arise. In this regard, various customs power devices along with integration control methodologies have been implemented to deal with stated issues. Furthermore, for a smooth and reliable operation of the system, each country established various grid codes. Although various mitigation schemes and related standards for OWPP are documented separately, a comprehensive review covering these aspects has not yet addressed in the literature. The objective of this study is to compare and relate prior as well as latest developments on PQ and stability challenges and their solutions. Low voltage ride through (LVRT) schemes and associated grid codes prevalent for the interconnection of OWPP based power grid have been deliberated. In addition, various PQ issues and mitigation options such as FACTS based filters, DFIG based adaptive and conventional control algorithms, ESS based methods and LVRT requirements have been summarized and compared. Finally, recommendations and future trends for PQ improvement are highlighted at the end.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a nonlinear adaptive backstepping control technique applied to a DFIG based wind system and an optimization technique that uses the rooted tree optimization (RTO) algorithm.
Abstract: With the development of wind power generation in recent years, several studies have dealt with the active and reactive power control of wind power systems, along with the quality of energy produced and the connection to distribution networks. In this context, this research proposes a new contribution to the field. The major objective of this work is the development of a nonlinear adaptive backstepping control technique applied to a DFIG based wind system and an optimization technique that uses the rooted tree optimization (RTO) algorithm. The backstepping control strategy is based on the Lyapunov nonlinear technique to guarantee the stability of the system. It is applied to the two converters (i.e., machine and network sides) and subsequently improved with estimators to make the proposed system robust to parametric variation. The RTO technique is based on monitoring the behavior of the underlying foundation of trees in search of underground water in accordance with the level of underground control. The solution proposed for the control is validated using two methods: (1) a simulation on MATLAB/Simulink to test the continuation of the reference (real wind speed) and the robustness of the system and (2) a real-time implementation on a dSPACE-DS1104 board connected to an experimental bench in a laboratory. Simulation and experimental results highlight the validation of the proposed model with better performance compared with other control techniques, such as sliding mode control, direct power control, and field-oriented control.
32 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: The proposed filter, which is based on adaptive synchronous extraction, is used for extraction of fundamental active- and reactive-power components of load currents in estimating the reference supply currents.
Abstract: This paper presents an implementation of an adaptive filter in a three-phase distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) used for compensation of linear/nonlinear loads in a three-phase distorted voltage ac mains. The proposed filter, which is based on adaptive synchronous extraction, is used for extraction of fundamental active- and reactive-power components of load currents in estimating the reference supply currents. This control algorithm is implemented on a developed DSTATCOM for reactive-power compensation, harmonics elimination, load balancing, and voltage regulation under linear and nonlinear loads. The performance of DSTATCOM is observed satisfactory under unbalanced time-varying loads.
52 citations
"Comprehensive Review of Distributed..." refers background or methods in this paper
...These includes, Filtered-X LMS control algorithm [159], adaptive notch filter based multipurpose technique [131], [150], Back-Propagation control control [147], adaptive filter [148], modified synchronous detection [149], kernel incremental meta-learning algorithm [151], adaptive linear optimal filter [160], empirical mode decomposition [153], adaptive learning-based anti-Hebbian [146], noise cancellation [161], adaptive notch filter (ANF) [157], automatic synchronization control control [162], ANFIS based con-...
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...More than 170 research publications [1-176] have been reviewed critically and presented in seven sections of this paper....
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TL;DR: An effective approach to identify unknown system adaptively by using combined LMS and LMF algorithms in different SNR regions is proposed and experiment-based parameter selection is established to optimize the performance as well as to keep the low computational complexity.
Abstract: Adaptive system identification ASI problems have attracted both academic and industrial attentions for a long time. As one of the classical approaches for ASI, performance of least mean square LMS is unstable in low signal-to-noise ratio SNR region. On the contrary, least mean fourth LMF algorithm is difficult to implement in practical system because of its high computational complexity in high SNR region, and hence it is usually neglected by researchers. In this paper, we propose an effective approach to identify unknown system adaptively by using combined LMS and LMF algorithms in different SNR regions. Experiment-based parameter selection is established to optimize the performance as well as to keep the low computational complexity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
51 citations
"Comprehensive Review of Distributed..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The LMS/F algorithms found to be classical methods for adaptive system identification (ASI) [114]....
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...More than 170 research publications [1-176] have been reviewed critically and presented in seven sections of this paper....
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a grid interfacing inverter is installed in three phase four wire distribution systems, which is capable of simultaneously compensating problems like current unbalance current harmonics and also of injecting the energy generated by renewable energy source.
Abstract: As there is increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Resources (RES) are increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic Converters or inverters. In this project, grid interfacing inverter is installed in three phase four wire distribution systems. The use of non-linear loads in the power system will lead to the generation of current harmonics which in turn deteriorates the power quality. Hence, Active Power Filters (APF) (5) are extensively used to compensate the current harmonics and load unbalance. The inverter can be controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. Thus the existing inverter acts as a Shunt Active Power Filter that is capable of simultaneously compensating problems like current unbalance current harmonics and also of injecting the energy generated by renewable energy source. The inverter is controlled on the basis of hysteresis control and thus it can be utilized as a power converter injecting power generated from renewable energy resource to the grid and as a shunt active power filter to compensate the load disturbances. KEYWORD: Renewable energy resources (RES), Active power filter (APF), distributed generation (DG), distribution system, grid interconnection, power quality (PQ), renewable energy.
48 citations
"Comprehensive Review of Distributed..." refers background in this paper
...The TD based control algorithms found to be suitable for power quality mitigation [92]....
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...More than 170 research publications [1-176] have been reviewed critically and presented in seven sections of this paper....
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TL;DR: In this article, a three-phase single-stage grid tied SPV energy conversion system (SPECS) using phase locked loopless (PLL-less) fast character of triangle function (CTF) control technique is presented.
Abstract: The main intent of this study is to integrate a solar photovoltaic (SPV) generating system to three-phase grid and to provide a clean and uninterrupted flow of power at abnormal and peak load conditions. To establish such an interface, a reliable, secure and high-performance control algorithm is the necessity. This study presents a three-phase single-stage grid tied SPV energy conversion system (SPECS) using phase locked loop-less (PLL-less) fast character of triangle function (CTF) control technique. This system configures an SPV array, voltage-source inverter (VSI), ripple filters and three-phase grid with connected linear and non-linear loads. Apart from supplying active power to the grid and connected loads, SPECS also provides functionalities of an active shunt filter such as reactive power compensation, harmonics attenuation, power factor correction, load balancing and zero voltage regulation. This system uses a single-stage perturb & observe approach for maximum power point tracking. Moreover, the VSI control is based on PLL-less fast CTF technique which enhances the functioning of SPECS. The presented system is modelled, designed and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink platform as well as its functioning is validated experimentally on a developed laboratory prototype.
48 citations
"Comprehensive Review of Distributed..." refers background in this paper
...More than 170 research publications [1-176] have been reviewed critically and presented in seven sections of this paper....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a two stage three-phase grid-interfaced solar photovoltaic (SPV) energy conversion system with an adaptive notch filter (ANF)-based control algorithm is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a two stage three-phase grid-interfaced solar photovoltaic (SPV) energy conversion system with an adaptive notch filter (ANF)-based control algorithm. The proposed SPV system is a multifunction grid-interfaced SPV energy conversion system, which along with the conversion of dc-power from SPV to ac mains is capable of reactive power compensation, harmonics currents elimination, and load balancing in a three-phase ac distribution system. Compared with multiple devices with different functionalities, a multifunction grid-interfaced SPV energy conversion system is capable of saving substantially capital investment, space, and maintenance cost on behalf of multifunctional features. The ANF successfully extracts a single sinusoid of a possibly nonstationary nature from harmonics corrupted load currents at point of common coupling. The control algorithm is adaptive with respect to the fundamental frequency of the system as compared with other methods, and provides instantaneous values of the fundamental signals. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the presented algorithm and confirms its desirable transient and steady state performances. The total harmonics distortion of grid currents is found well under IEEE-519 standard, even under nonlinear loads.
47 citations