Compressibility behaviour of lime-treated marine clay
TL;DR: The use of lime to improve the behavior of soft clays is not new. as mentioned in this paper examined lime-induced changes in the compressibility of marine clay and found that a reduction of 1/2 to 1/3 in the soil system within 30 to 45 days of treatment.
About: This article is published in Ocean Engineering.The article was published on 2002-05-01. It has received 77 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Lime.
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the mixture of polypropylene fiber and lime on the engineering properties of a clay-ey soil was investigated and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the specimens after shearing.
378 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the qualitative and quantitative improvement in load capacity of the stone column by encasement through a comprehensive parametric study using the finite element analysis and found that the encased stone columns have much higher load carrying capacities and undergo lesser compressions and lesser lateral bulging as compared to conventional stone columns.
264 citations
Cites background from "Compressibility behaviour of lime-t..."
...…as stone (or granular) columns (Greenwood, 1970; Hughes et al., 1975) vacuum pre-consolidation (Indraratna et al., 2004), soil cement columns (Rampello and Callisto, 2003), pre-consolidation using pre-fabricated vertical drains (Shen et al., 2005) and lime treatment (Rajasekaran and Rao, 2002)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of fine grained soil (low-plasticity silt) treated with jute fiber, steel fiber and lime was investigated.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, consistency limits including liquid, plastic and shrinkage limits, sediment volume and compressibility characteristics of ten soils were tested using distilled water and natural seawater from the Aegean Sea.
101 citations
Cites background from "Compressibility behaviour of lime-t..."
...On the other hand, Rajasekaran and Rao (2002) and Di Maio et al. (2004) indicated that consolidation behavior of a marine clay and kaolinite is similar when they are exposed to both water and seawater....
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TL;DR: In this article, Magnesium oxide/hydroxide are proposed as a suitable alternative stabilizer to overcome at least some of the disadvantages of using lime in soil stabilization, and a fluctuation behavior was observed on the influence of lime on soil permeability.
Abstract: This study is an overview of previous studies on lime (quick and hydrated) -treated soil. Lime is the oldest traditional stabilizer used for soil stabilization. The mechanism of soil-lime treatment involves cation exchange, which leads to the flocculation and agglomeration of soil particles. The high pH environment then causes a pozzolanic reaction between the free Ca^(+2) cations and the dissolved silica and alumina. Lime-treated soil effectively increases the strength, durability and workability of the soil. Such treatment also improves soil compressibility. A fluctuation behavior was observed on the influence of lime on soil permeability. However, the factors affecting the permeability of the soil-lime mixture should be extensively studied. Nonetheless, lime treatment has a number of inherent disadvantages, such as carbonation, sulfate attack and environment impact. Magnesium oxide/hydroxide are thus proposed as a suitable alternative stabilizer to overcome at least some of the disadvantages of using lime in soil stabilization.
101 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a new normalizing parameter called the void index is introduced to aid in correlating the compression characteristics of various clays, such as sedimentation compression curves for most, but not all, natural clays lie well above the corresponding intrinsic compression curves.
Abstract: The compressibility and strength characteristics of reconstituted clays are used as a basic frame of reference for interpreting the corresponding characteristics of natural sedimentary clays. The properties of reconstituted clays are termed ‘intrinsic’ properties since they are inherent to the soil and independent of the natural state. The properties of a natural clay differ from its intrinsic properties due to the influence of soil structure (fabric and bonding). Thus the intrinsic properties provide a frame of reference for assessing the in situ state of a natural clay and the influence of structure on its in situ properties. A new normalizing parameter called the void index is introduced to aid in correlating the compression characteristics of various clays. The sedimentation compression curves for most, but not all, natural clays lie well above the corresponding intrinsic compression curves. A consequence of this is that such clays are more sensitive and brittle than the reconstituted material and the...
1,485 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between the compression curves as observed and as calculated from theoretical considerations indicates that in the case of suspensions of pure clays the compressibility can be accounted for quantitatively by the consideration of these long-range forces only.
Abstract: Synopsis It has been shown that the presence of exchangeable ions in clay systems leads to the presence of long-range repulsion forces between the particles. A comparison between the compression curves as observed and as calculated from theoretical considerations indicates that in the case of suspensions of pure clays the compressibility can be accounted for quantitatively by the consideration of these long-range forces only. On a montre que la presence d'ions interchangeables dans des constitutions d'argile provoque l'apparition de forces repulsives a grande distance entre les particules. Une comparaison entre les courbes de compression observees et calculees d'apres des considerations theoriques indique que dans le cas de suspensions d'argiles pures on peut evaluer la compressibilite quantitativement par la seule consideration de ces forces a grande distance.
411 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found abundant thaumasite, a complex calcium-silicate-hydroxide-sulfate-carbonate-hyd rate mineral, forming a solid solution series with ettringite.
Abstract: Expansive reactions between lime and sulfate-bearing clay soils have attracted little attention until relatively recently. Lime treatment of Stewart Avenue in Las Vegas, Nevada, had induced heave in excess of 12 in. Heaved areas are found to contain abundant thaumasite, a complex calcium-silicate-hydroxide-sulfate-carbonate-hyd rate mineral. Thaumasite forms a solid solution series with ettringite, a calcium-aluminum-hydroxide-sulfate-hy drate mineral. In the presence of aluminum, ettringite forms first and is replaced by thaumasite only at temperatures below 15°C. The mechanism of heave is a complex function of available water, the percentage of soil clay, and ion mobility. Only the long-term possolanic chemistry of normal lime-soil reactions is disrupted. Cation exchange, agglomeration, and carbonation are unaffected. With the present state of knowledge, lime-induced heave is difficult to predict for all but most obvious conditions.
365 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the aging of quick clay after sampling, the remolded strength increases in samples maintained at constant water content, time effects in freshly densified or deposited sand, in which natural sand deposits can lose strength if disturbed but regain strength over time periods of weeks to months, and apparently sound lime-stabilized soil that swells and disintegrates starting a few years after construction.
Abstract: In spite of our present very advanced analytical capabilities, our present ability to predict actual field behavior is, in many cases, woefully inadequate. Four cases are described to illustrate one of the reasons why actual and predicted performances are sometimes so widely divergent—namely, failure to understand how a soil might respond over time to changed conditions. The four cases are: (1) The aging of quick clay after sampling, in which the remolded strength increases in samples maintained at constant water content; (2) time effects in freshly densified or deposited sand, in which natural sand deposits can lose strength if disturbed but regain strength over time periods of weeks to months; (3) apparently sound lime‐stabilized soil that swells and disintegrates starting a few years after construction; and (4) the failure of excess pore pressures to dissipate as predicted during the consolidation of soft clays. Study of each of these problems has led to an understanding of the responsible phenomena an...
297 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory investigation on the quicklime stabilization of sensitive clays has shown that significant strength increase can be obtained if enough water content above the liquid limit is added to the clays.
Abstract: A laboratory investigation on the quicklime stabilization of sensitive clays has shown that, even at a water content above the liquid limit, significant strength increase can be obtained if enough ...
261 citations