Computerized data acquisition for power system automation
05 Jun 2006-pp 7-13
TL;DR: A new approach to power system automation, protection, local control, operator interfaces, communication, remote control and monitoring functions, designed with the efficient technology and with the perfect communication systems to transfer the data is presented.
Abstract: The paper presents a new approach to power system automation, protection, local control, operator interfaces, communication, remote control and monitoring functions. The components of the system will have a better communication with each other capturing information through the local area network; transfer the information through out the network using LAN or different communication mediums instead of one sensor per each component as before. To achieve, a better system is required apart from different systems like protection, communication, RTU's, lED's etc. called as data acquisition system with out the perfect data communication system the components of the total system cant perform the right tasks at right time because of the disturbance in the collected. To overcome this problem a better data acquisition system has been designed with the efficient technology and with the perfect communication systems to transfer the data. The system is termed as "computerized data acquisition system for power system automation". The system acquires the data from the power network (data acquisition) for monitoring. The software is developed to perform all the manipulations and the system parameters can be viewed in different forms (analog, digital, graphical).
Citations
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Patent•
16 Oct 2007TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an extensible automation development environment that allows the integration of foreign (or 'custom') automation objects, including custom commands and custom events, into the same framework that handles native commands and events.
Abstract: The present invention provides an extensible automation development environment. A full development environment in its own right, the environment, in addition to supporting its own native objects, allows the integration of foreign (or 'custom') automation objects. Custom commands and custom events are also integrated into the environment and are handled by the same framework that handles native commands and events. Tools provided by the environment are made to work with custom objects as well as with native objects. For example, a common editor expands to incorporate a custom editor that handles custom data fields. A common browser expands to seamlessly incorporate a custom browser that may operate on custom automation objects from a custom database. All software entities, native and custom, can be developed and monitored within a single framework. Users operate seamlessly across heterogeneous automation environments, even though custom entities in the environment conform to their own operating standards.
53 citations
02 Jun 2011
TL;DR: This paper takes a case study of plant consisting of multiple boilers where multiple process variables of the boilers need to be acquired from the field and monitored and logged in a database for further analysis and supervisory control.
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of data acquisition, data logging and supervisory control system of a plant consisting of multiple boilers. Data acquisition, data logging and supervisory control are the basic building blocks of plant automation. This paper takes a case study of plant consisting of multiple boilers where multiple process variables of the boilers need to be acquired from the field and monitored. The data of the process variables needs to be logged in a database for further analysis and supervisory control. A LabVIEW based data logging and supervisory control program simulates the process and the generated data are logged in to the database with proper indication about the status of the process variable.
31 citations
Cites background from "Computerized data acquisition for p..."
...Modem day process plants, construction sites, agricultural industry [9], petroleum, power distribution network [8,13], wireless sensor network [11], refinery industry and every other industry where data is of prime importance use wireless data acquisition, data processing and data logging equipments....
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04 Nov 2010
TL;DR: This research work addresses the development of a real time test bed by integrating several hardware's including the Allen Bradley Programmable Logic Controllers, National Instruments PXI (NI-PXI) controller, Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), and Schweitzer Engineering Lab (SEL) devices.
Abstract: With ongoing smart grid initiative, there is a considerable need for developing new algorithmic solutions and validating at laboratory level before they can be successfully applied in the power grid. This research work addresses the development of a real time test bed by integrating several hardware's including the Allen Bradley Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), National Instruments PXI (NI-PXI) controller, Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), and Schweitzer Engineering Lab (SEL) devices. This work also integrates the OSIsoft PI Server system and the establishment of data channel over Ethernet/IP for communication and control. The developed test bed is evaluated by simulating a simple test case in RTDS and executing the control logic in PLC. The test bed provides a user friendly Human Machine Interface (HMI) for monitoring and control at different levels of the system along with capabilities for storing the power system data which includes Synchrophasor data for forensic analysis. This test bed will be essentially used for modeling and study of different power system operation control algorithms as well as to investigate cyber vulnerability and mitigation.
26 citations
Cites background from "Computerized data acquisition for p..."
...Research works in the field of real time control and data acquisition for power systems have been reported in [5], [6] and [7], but either it depends on software based analysis or limited hardware tests....
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22 Nov 2010
TL;DR: A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is an integrated platform that incorporates several components and it has been applied in the field of power systems and several engineering applications to monitor, operate and control a lot of processes.
Abstract: A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is an integrated platform that incorporates several components and it has been applied in the field of power systems and several engineering applications to monitor, operate and control a lot of processes.
15 citations
24 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, an intelligent power factor corrector based on PLC is proposed for the correction of the industrial power factor, which is not only required for the smooth operation of the electrical equipments used in the industries but also to minimize the cost of penalty that has to be paid to power supply utilities for having low power factor.
Abstract: In recent years, the quality of power supplied to the consumer devices by an ac system has become an issue of great concern due to the rapidly increasing inductive loads, electronic equipments, power electronic devices and high system voltage. Power factor correction (PFC) is a technique of minimizing the undesirable effects of electric loads that create poor power factor conditions. Correction of power factor may be effected either by transmission utility which improves the stability and efficiency of the transmission network or by individuals customers. This paper aims at the correction method using an intelligent power factor corrector based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as a control system especially for the correction of the industrial power factor, which is not only required for the smooth operation of the electrical equipments used in the industries but also to minimize the cost of penalty that has to be paid to power supply utilities for having low power factor. This involves measuring the power factor value from the supply line using Power Meter and development of a PLC program to determine and trigger capacitor banks of required rating in order to compensate deficient reactive power, thus bringing power factor near to unity. The results of this paper is based on the case study on application of the proposed method in a real industrial facility.
8 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jul 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of the computer in distribution planning and the central role of data acquisition in the distribution planning process, and discuss the relationship between the load and loss factors of a distribution system.
Abstract: Distribution System Planning and Automation Introduction Distribution System Planning Factors Affecting System Planning Present Distribution System Planning Techniques Distribution System Planning Models Distribution System Planning in the Future Future Nature of Distribution Planning The Central Role of the Computer in Distribution Planning Impact of Dispersed Storage and Generation Distribution System Automation Summary and Conclusions References Load Characteristics Basic Definitions The Relationship Between the Load and Loss Factors Maximum Diversified Demand Load Forecasting Load Management Rate Structure Problems References Application of Distribution Transformers Introduction Types of Distribution Transformers Regulation Transformer Efficiency Terminal or Lead Markings Transformer Polarity Distribution Transformer Loading Guides Equivalent Circuits of a Transformer Single-Phase Transformer Connections Three-Phase Connections Three-Phase Transformers The T or Scott Connection The Autotransformer The Booster Transformers Amorphous Metal Distribution Transformers Problems References Design of Subtransmission Lines and Distribution Substations Introduction Subtransmission Distribution Substations Substation Bus Schemes Substation Location The Rating of a Distribution Substation General Case: Substation Service Area with n Primary Feeders Comparison of the Four-and Six-Feeder Patterns Derivation of the K Constant Substation Application Curves Interpretation of the Percent Voltage Drop Formula Supervisory Data and Data Acquisition Advanced SCADA Concepts Advanced Developments for Integrated Substation Automation Capability of Facilities Substation Grounding Transformer Classification Problems References Design Considerations of Primary Systems Introduction Radial-Type Primary Feeder Loop-Type Primary Feeder Primary Network Primary-Feeder Voltage Levels Primary-Feeder Loading Tie Lines Distribution Feeder Exit: Rectangular-Type Development Radial-Type Development Radial Feeders with Uniformly Distributed Load Radial Feeders with Nonuniformly Distributed Load Application of the A,B,C,D General Circuit Constants to Radial Feeders The Design of Radial Primary Distribution Systems Primary System Costs Problems References Design Considerations of Secondary Systems Introduction Secondary Voltage Levels The Present Design Practice Secondary Banking The Secondary Networks Spot Networks Economic Design of Secondaries Unbalanced Load and Voltages Secondary System Costs Problems References Voltage Drop and Power Loss Calculations Three-Phase Balanced Primary Lines Nonthree-Phase Primary Lines Four-Wire Multigrounded Common Neutral Distribution System Percent Power (or Copper) Loss A Method to Analyze Distribution Costs Economic Analysis of Equipment Losses Problems References Application of Capacitors to Distribution Systems Basic Definitions Power Capacitors Effects of Series and Shunt Capacitors Power Factor Correction Application of Capacitors Economic Justification for Capacitors A Practical Procedure to Determine the Best Capacitor Location A Mathematical Procedure to Determine the Optimum Capacitor Allocation Capacitor Tank Rupture Considerations Dynamic Behavior of Distribution Systems Problems References Distribution System Voltage Regulation Basic Definitions Quality of Service and Voltage Standards Voltage Control Feeder Voltage Regulators Line-Drop Compensation Distribution Capacitor Automation Voltage Fluctuations Problems References Distribution System Protection Basic Definitions Overcurrent Protection Devices Objective of Distribution System Protection Coordination of Protective Devices Fuse-to-Fuse Coordination Recloser-to-Recloser Coordination Recloser-to-Fuse Coordination Recloser-to-Substation Transformer High-Side Fuse Coordination Fuse-to-Circuit-Breaker Coordination Recloser-to-Circuit-Breaker Coordination Fault Current Calculations Fault Current Calculations in Per Units Secondary System Fault Current Calculations High-Impedance Faults Lightning Protection Insulators Problems References Distribution System Reliability Basic Definitions National Electric Reliability Council Appropriate Levels of Distribution Reliability Basic Reliability Concepts and Mathematics Series Systems Parallel Systems Series and Parallel Combinations Markov Processes Development of the State Transition Model to Determine the Steady-State Probabilities Distribution Reliability Indices Sustained Interruption Indices Other Indices (Momentary) Load-and Energy-Based Indices Usage of Reliability Indices Benefits of Reliability Modeling in System Performance Economics of Reliability Assessment Problems References Electric Power Quality Basic Definitions Definition of Electric Power Quality Classification of Power Quality Types of Disturbances Measurements of Electric Power Quality Power in Passive Elements Harmonic Distortion Limits Effects of Harmonics Sources of Harmonics Derating Transformers Neutral Conductor Overloading Capacitor Banks and PF Correction Short-Circuit Capacity or MVA Bus Voltage Rise and Resonance Harmonic Amplification Resonance Harmonic Control Solutions Harmonic Filter Design Load Modeling In The Presence Of Harmonics Problems References Appendix A: Impedance Tables for Lines, Transformers, and Underground Cables Appendix B: Graphic Symbols Used in Distribution System Design Appendix C: Glossary for Distribution System Terminology Appendix D: The Per-Unit System Notation Answers to Selected Problems Index
716 citations
"Computerized data acquisition for p..." refers background in this paper
...In power system automation, data acquisition system plays a major role as a base and heart of the power system automation [1], [8], [9]....
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KEMA1
TL;DR: In this paper, Burke and Sahazizian discuss the relationship between the interface between the controller and the station, and the safety and security of a gas-insulated station.
Abstract: HOW A SUBSTATION HAPPENS Jim Burke and Anne-Marie Sahazizian GAS-INSULATED SUBSTATIONS Phil Bolin AIR-INSULATED SUBSTATIONS-BUS/SWITCHING CONFIGURATIONS Michael J. Bio HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT David L. Harris and E. David Childress HIGH VOLTAGE POWER ELECTRONICS SUBSTATIONS Gerhard Juette and Asok Mukherjee THE INTERFACE BETWEEN AUTOMATION AND THE SUBSTATION James W. Evans SUBSTATION INTEGRATION AND AUTOMATION John D. McDonald OIL CONTAINMENT Anne-Marie Sahazizian and Tibor Kertesz COMMUNITY CONSIDERATIONS James H. Sosinski ANIMAL DETERRENTS/SECURITY C.M. Mike Stine SUBSTATION GROUNDING Rich Keil DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE SHIELDING OF SUBSTATIONS Robert S. Nowell SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS Rulon Fronk and Eric Fujisaki SUBSTATION FIRE PROTECTION Don Delcourt SUBSTATION COMMUNICATIONS Daniel E. Nordell PHYSICAL SECURITY OF SUBSTATIONS John Oglevie, W. Bruce Dietzman, and Chris Brock CYBER SECURITY OF SUBSTATION CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS Joe Weiss and Martin Delson GAS-INSULATED TRANSMISSION LINE Hermann Koch SUBSTATION ASSET MANAGEMENT H. Lee Willis and Richard E. Brown STATION COMMISSIONING AND PROJECT CLOSEOUT Jim Burke and Rick Clarke INDEX
149 citations
"Computerized data acquisition for p..." refers background in this paper
...I. NOMENCLATURE SSA Substation Automation DA Distribution Automation SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition RTU Remote Terminal Unit IED Intelligent Electronic Device MMS Manufacturing Message Specification UCA Utility Communication Architecture AMR Automatic Meter Reading AMP Automatic Meter Placement This work was supported in part by the Indian Government Urban Infrastructure Technology Department under 2003-2006....
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...The goals of Distribution Automation [11] are: • Reduced costs • Improve service reliability • Better consumer service • Enhance government relations Distribution Automation systems are used to: • Prevent outages • Alleviate the need for a sound maintenance program • Replace good operation practices • Eliminate the need for appropriate planning As utility managers and engineers interested in effective approaches to increasing efficiency and productivity the latest “high tech” developments must be continuously reviewed by the utility....
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...Distribution Automation systems have been defined as system that enable an electric utility to monitor, coordinate and operate system components in a real time mode from remote locations the distribution automation is modular and may be implemented in phases to include remote monitoring and control of substation, feeder and consumer devices and loads....
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01 Jul 1974
TL;DR: The concept of security control is discussed and the noteworthy features of its present state of development in recently designed and installed control centers are described.
Abstract: A dramatic transformation in system monitoring and control is taking place in the electric utility industry. New control centers are being equipped with multiprocessor real-time computers scanning and controlling the generation and transmission system via high-speed data-acquisition subsystems and interacting with the human operator via dynamic, color, graphic displays. Within the computer as many as a hundred or more programs are available to run in a multiprogramming environment in response to changing power-system conditions and to operator's demands. The main objective of this new development in on-line control is the enhancement of the security of the power system in order to maintain a high reliability of electric power service. The concept of security control is discussed and the noteworthy features of its present state of development in recently designed and installed control centers are described.
115 citations
"Computerized data acquisition for p..." refers background in this paper
...In power system automation, data acquisition system plays a major role as a base and heart of the power system automation [1], [8], [9]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the data requirements for real-time monitoring and control of distribution systems are identified and a meter placement method is proposed to obtain an accurate estimation of data needed for feeder automation functions.
Abstract: This paper identifies the data requirements for real-time monitoring and control of distribution systems. It points out that in addition to having supervisory control and data acquisition on switches and control equipment, methods are needed to obtain an accurate estimation of data needed for feeder automation functions. A meter placement method is proposed for this purpose. It is shown that the measurements from such a metering scheme can be used with a state estimator to provide the real-time data needed for real-time monitoring of a distribution system.
101 citations
"Computerized data acquisition for p..." refers background in this paper
...Meter Placement: The placement of meters also plays a role in the Power system Automation and Data Acquisition system [6], [14]....
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Book•
07 Oct 2003
TL;DR: This research presents a meta-modelling architecture for power system automation systems that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process of designing and installing power system Automation systems.
Abstract: Introduction to Power System Automation Historical Development of Power System Automation Overview of Power Networks Fundamentals of Electrical Protection Remote Substation Access and Local Intelligence Data Communications Communication Protocols SCADA Systems Communications in Power System Automation Power System Automation Architectures Power System Automation Systems on the Market Practical Considerations The Internet.
43 citations
"Computerized data acquisition for p..." refers methods in this paper
...The two meters were connected to the Data Converter through RS485 Connectors and the Data converter is connected to the Computing system through RS232 connector the RS232 and RS485 are the two types of different Serial Communication Systems used in the Power Network....
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...The data will be collected by the system using the Data Converter and the RS 485 and RS 232 serial Communication systems....
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...The values will be sent to the Computer System using the Communication system and here we are using Serial Communication RS485 and RS 232 for n no of Power Monitors using the Data Converter [12]....
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