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Journal ArticleDOI

Concepts of Synchronous Machine Stability as Affected by Excitation Control

01 Apr 1969-IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems (IEEE)-Vol. 88, Iss: 4, pp 316-329
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of synchronous machines under small perturbations is explored by examining the case of a single machine connected to an infinite bus through external reactance, and the results are shown to be similar to ours.
Abstract: The phenomena of stability of synchronous machines under small perturbations is explored by examining the case of a single machine connected to an infinite bus through external reactance.

Summary (1 min read)

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Summary

  • The authors consider the scenario where for each user i ∈.
  • W the state si is generated from the distribution PS .
  • Then the corresponding data sequence is generated independently from P⊗nX|S=si .
  • The observation channel is assumed to be given as PY |X .
  • This scenario differs from the one given in Section II.
  • Herein the users’ data are independent from each other, whereas in the setting in Section II they are independent only given S. Note that in both cases, without conditioning on S = s (or Si = s) each user’s data are not iid generated.
  • The definition of an identification scheme is identical as before.
  • Similarly, the authors have the following definition of achievability.
  • The set of all achievable pairs is denoted by R3.

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Citations
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Book
30 Jul 1997
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling procedure called Multimachine Dynamic Models for Energy Function Methods, which automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process of Synchronous Machine Modeling.
Abstract: 1 Introduction 2 Electromagnetic Transients 3 Synchronous Machine Modeling 4 Synchronous Machine Control Models 5 Single-Machine Dynamic Models 6 Multimachine Dynamic Models 7 Multimachine Simulation 8 Small-Signal Stability 9 Energy Function Methods Appendix A: Integral Manifolds for Model Bibliography Index

2,004 citations

Book
27 Feb 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comparison of different SVC controllers for power transmission networks with respect to their performance in terms of the number of SVC inputs and outputs, as well as the frequency of the SVC outputs.
Abstract: 1. Introduction. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Electrical Transmission Networks. 1.3 Conventional Control Mechanisms. 1.4 Flexible ac Transmission Systems (FACTS). 1.5 Emerging Transmission Networks. 2. Reactor--Power Control in Electrical Power Transmission Systems. 2.1 Reacrive Power. 2.2 Uncompensated Transmission Lines. 2.3 Passive Compensation. 2.4 Summary. 3. Principles of Conventional Reactive--Power Compensators. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Synchronous Condensers. 3.3 The Saturated Reactor (SR). 3.4 The Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (TCR). 3.5 The Thyristor--Controlled Transformer (TCT). 3.6 The Fixed Capacitor--Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (FC--TCR). 3.7 The Mechanically Switched Capacitor--Thristor--Controlled Reactor (MSC--TCR). 3.8 The Thyristor--Switched capacitor and Reactor. 3.9 The Thyristor--Switched capacitor--Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (TSC--TCR). 3.10 A Comparison of Different SVCs. 3.11 Summary. 4. SVC Control Components and Models. 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement Systems. 4.3 The Voltage Regulator. 4.4 Gate--Pulse Generation. 4.5 The Synchronizing System. 4.6 Additional Control and Protection Functions. 4.7 Modeling of SVC for Power--System Studies. 4.8 Summary. 5. Conceepts of SVC Voltage Control. 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Voltage Control. 5.3 Effect of Network Resonances on the Controller Response. 5.4 The 2nd Harmonic Interaction Between the SVC and ac Network. 5.5 Application of the SVC to Series--Compensated ac Systems. 5.6 3rd Harmonic Distortion. 5.7 Voltage--Controlled Design Studies. 5.8 Summary. 6. Applications. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Increase in Steady--State Power--Transfer Capacity. 6.3 Enhancement of Transient Stability. 6.4 Augmentation of Power--System Damping. 6.5 SVC Mitigation of Subsychronous Resonance (SSR). 6.6 Prevention of Voltage Instability. 6.7 Improvement of HVDC Link Performance. 6.8 Summary. 7. The Thyristor--Controlled SeriesCapacitor (TCSC). 7.1 Series Compensation. 7.2 The TCSC Controller. 7.3 Operation of the TCSC. 7.4 The TSSC. 7.5 Analysis of the TCSC. 7.6 Capability Characteristics. 7.7 Harmonic Performance. 7.8 Losses. 7.9 Response of the TCSC. 7.10 Modeling of the TCSC. 7.11 Summary. 8. TCSC Applications. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Open--Loop Control. 8.3 Closed--Loop Control. 8.4 Improvement of the System--Stability Limit. 8.5 Enhancement of System Damping. 8.6 Subsynchronous Resonanace (SSR) Mitigation. 8.7 Voltage--Collapse Prevention. 8.8 TCSC Installations. 8.9 Summary. 9. Coordination of FACTS Controllers. 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Controller Interactions. 9.3 SVC--SVC Interaction. 9.4 SVC--HVDC Interaction. 9.5 SVC--TCSC Interaction. 9.6 TCSC--TCSC Interaction. 9.7 Performance Criteria for Damping--Controller Design. 9.8 Coordination of Multiple Controllers Using Linear--Control Techniques. 9.9 Coordination of Multiple Controllers using Nonlinear--Control Techniques. 9.10 Summary. 10. Emerging FACTS Controllers. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 The STATCOM. 10.3 THE SSSC. 10.4 The UPFC. 10.5 Comparative Evaluation of Different FACTS Controllers. 10.6 Future Direction of FACTS Technology. 10.7 Summary. Appendix A. Design of an SVC Voltage Regulator. A.1 Study System. A.2 Method of System Gain. A.3 Elgen Value Analysis. A.4 Simulator Studies. A.5 A Comparison of Physical Simulator results With Analytical and Digital Simulator Results Using Linearized Models. Appendix B. Transient--Stability Enhancement in a Midpoint SVC--Compensated SMIB System. Appendix C. Approximate Multimodal decomposition Method for the Design of FACTS Controllers. C.1 Introduction. C.2 Modal Analysis of the ith Swing Mode, C.3 Implications of Different Transfer Functions. C.4 Design of the Damping Controller. Appendix D. FACTS Terms and Definitions. Index.

954 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the general concepts associated with applying power system stabilizers utilizing shaft speed, ac bus frequency, and electrical power inputs are developed in the first part of a three-part paper.
Abstract: The general concepts associated with applying power system stabilizers utilizing shaft speed, ac bus frequency, and electrical power inputs are developed in this first part of a three-part paper. This lays the foundation for discussion of the tuning concepts and practical aspects of stabilizer application in Parts II and III. The characteristics of the "plant" through which the power system stabilizer must operate are discussed and the implications upon stabilizer tuning and performance are noted. A general approach for analyzing stabilizers utilizing an arbitrary input signal is described and applied to the frequency and electrical power input signals.

940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed account of analytical work carried out to determine the parameters of power system stabilizers (PSS) for the Darlington nuclear generating station presently under construction in eastern Ontario is presented.
Abstract: This paper provides a detailed account of analytical work carried out to determine the parameters of power system stabilizers (PSS) for the Darlington nuclear generating station presently under construction in eastern Ontario. The results presented are, however, of general interest and provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the different stabilizer parameters on the overall dynamic performance of the power system. They show how stabilizer settings may be selected so as to enhance the steady-state and transient stability of local plant modes as well as inter-area modes in large interconnected systems. In addition, it is shown that the selected parameters result in satisfactory performance during system islanding conditions, when large frequency excursions are experienced. Darlington GS, when completed by 1992, will comprise four 1100 MVA, 0.85 p.f., 1800 RPM turbine generators with "CANDU-PHW" reactors, moderated and cooled by heavy water. The station will be incorporated into the 500 kV network through three double-circuit lines. The units will be equipped with transformer-fed thyristor excitation systems and Delta-P-Omega type PSS [1, 2].

854 citations

Book
21 Jun 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a mixed sensitivity approach using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIIN) for loop-shaping in power systems. And they also proposed a control for time-delayed systems.
Abstract: Power System Oscillations.- Linear Control in Power Systems.- Test System Model.- Power System Stabilizers.- Multiple-Model Adaptive Control Approach.- Simultaneous Stabilization.- Mixed-Sensitivity Approach Using Linear Matrix Inequalities.- Normalized ?? Loop-Shaping Using Linear Matrix Inequalities.- ?? Control For Time-Delayed Systems.

716 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
John M. Uudrill1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the small signal performance of a multi-machine synchronous power system by a set of differential equations of the form [x] = [A] [x], allowing standard multivariable control theory to be used in dynamic stability studies.
Abstract: Describing the small signal performance of a multi- machine synchronous power system by a set of differential equations of the form [x] = [A] [x] allows standard multivariable control theory to be used in dynamic stability studies. The construction of the [A] matrix for a multimachine power system involves the application of Kron's rotational transformation to the transmission network admittance matrix, and a matrix analysis of the synchronous machines using internal flux linkages as state variables.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a device to provide a signal proportional to changes in generator speed has been developed by Ontario Hydro and field tests have been performed to demonstrate that use of this signal with a high-speed rectifier excitation system results in dynamic stability limits which approximate those which can be obtained with a zero reactance generator.
Abstract: A device to provide a signal proportional to changes in generator speed has been developed by Ontario Hydro. Field tests have been performed to demonstrate that use of this signal with a high-speed rectifier excitation system results in dynamic stability limits which approximate those which can be obtained with a zero reactance generator. Transient stability limits are greater than those obtainable with high-response conventional excitation systems. Results from the field tests and a computer study are compared.

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of generator voltage regulators on powerline stability is closely scrutinized by analog techniques and it is shown that high-speed control of excitation to maintain constant terminal voltage actually hampers rather than aids damping and power line stability.
Abstract: The influence of generator voltage regulators upon powerline stability is closely scrutinized by analog techniques. Contrary to common concepts, it is shown that high-speed control of excitation to maintain constant terminal voltage actually hampers rather than aids damping and powerline stability. It is further shown that damping and stability are greatly improved by supplementing excitation control with a specially derived function of frequency deviation. Results of the studies are verified in actual performance obtained in field tests.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fact that voltage regulators may on occasion increase the stability limit is more or less well known as mentioned in this paper, and the present paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of the subject by:
Abstract: STEADY-STATE stability of synchronous machines is an old subject, and the fact that voltage regulators may on occasion increase the stability limit is more or less well known.1 The present paper, however, aims to contribute to the knowledge of the subject by:

77 citations