Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions

doi:10.1145/2037556.2037602

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Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions

Taewoo Nam¹, Theresa A. Pardo¹•Institutions (1)

State University of New York System¹

12 Jun 2011-pp 282-291

TL;DR: A set of the common multidimensional components underlying the smart city concept and the core factors for a successful smart city initiative is identified by exploring current working definitions of smart city and a diversity of various conceptual relatives similar to smart city.

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Abstract: This conceptual paper discusses how we can consider a particular city as a smart one, drawing on recent practices to make cities smart. A set of the common multidimensional components underlying the smart city concept and the core factors for a successful smart city initiative is identified by exploring current working definitions of smart city and a diversity of various conceptual relatives similar to smart city. The paper offers strategic principles aligning to the three main dimensions (technology, people, and institutions) of smart city: integration of infrastructures and technology-mediated services, social learning for strengthening human infrastructure, and governance for institutional improvement and citizen engagement.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives

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Vito Albino¹, Umberto Berardi², Rosa Maria Dangelico•Institutions (2)

Instituto Politécnico Nacional¹, Ryerson University²

04 Feb 2015-Journal of Urban Technology

TL;DR: The different metrics of urban smartness are reviewed to show the need for a shared definition of what constitutes a smart city, what are its features, and how it performs in comparison to traditional cities.

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Abstract: As the term “smart city” gains wider and wider currency, there is still confusion about what a smart city is, especially since several similar terms are often used interchangeably. This paper aims to clarify the meaning of the word “smart” in the context of cities through an approach based on an in-depth literature review of relevant studies as well as official documents of international institutions. It also identifies the main dimensions and elements characterizing a smart city. The different metrics of urban smartness are reviewed to show the need for a shared definition of what constitutes a smart city, what are its features, and how it performs in comparison to traditional cities. Furthermore, performance measures and initiatives in a few smart cities are identified.

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2,207 citations

Cites background from "Conceptualizing smart city with dim..."

...Another category used by Nam and Pardo (2011) for clarifying the concept of the smart city is that of community....
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...According to Nam and Pardo (2011), the key components of a smart city are the technology, the people (creativity, diversity, and education), and the institutions (governance and policy)....
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...The smart people factor comprises various aspects, like affinity to lifelong learning, social and ethnic plurality, flexibility, creativity, cosmopolitanism, open-mindedness, and participation in public life (Nam and Pardo, 2011)....
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...Nam and Pardo (2011) Creative or smart city experiments [ . . . ] aimed at nurturing a creative economy through investment in quality of life which in turn attracts knowledge workers to live and work in smart cities....
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...Nam and Pardo (2011) investigated possible meanings of the term “smart” in the smart city context....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework

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Hafedh Chourabi¹, Taewoo Nam², Shawn Walker³, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia⁴, Sehl Mellouli¹, Karine Nahon³, Theresa A. Pardo², Hans Jochen Scholl³ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (4)

Laval University¹, University at Albany, SUNY², University of Washington³, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas⁴

04 Jan 2012

TL;DR: Eight critical factors are identified that form the basis of an integrative framework that can be used to examine how local governments are envisioning smart city initiatives and suggest directions and agendas for smart city research and outlines practical implications for government professionals.

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Abstract: Making a city "smart" is emerging as a strategy to mitigate the problems generated by the urban population growth and rapid urbanization. Yet little academic research has sparingly discussed the phenomenon. To close the gap in the literature about smart cities and in response to the increasing use of the concept, this paper proposes a framework to understand the concept of smart cities. Based on the exploration of a wide and extensive array of literature from various disciplinary areas we identify eight critical factors of smart city initiatives: management and organization, technology, governance, policy context, people and communities, economy, built infrastructure, and natural environment. These factors form the basis of an integrative framework that can be used to examine how local governments are envisioning smart city initiatives. The framework suggests directions and agendas for smart city research and outlines practical implications for government professionals.

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2,000 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Current trends in Smart City initiatives: some stylised facts

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Paolo Neirotti¹, Alberto De Marco¹, Anna Corinna Cagliano¹, Giulio Mangano¹, Francesco Scorrano¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Polytechnic University of Turin¹

01 Jun 2014-Cities

TL;DR: In this article, a taxonomy of pertinent application domains, namely, natural resources and energy, transport and mobility, buildings, living, government, and economy and people, is presented.

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1,620 citations

Cites background from "Conceptualizing smart city with dim..."

...…system characterised by adequate facilities and services Accenture (2011), Atzori et al. (2010), Correia and Wünstel (2011), Dirks et al. (2009); Nam and Pardo (2011), The Climate Group et al. (2011) and Washburn et al. (2010) Public security Helping public organizations to protect citizens’…...
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...…Caragliu et al. (2009), Correia and Wünstel (2011), Dirks et al. (2009), Giffinger et al. (2007), La Greca et al. (2011), Munuzuri et al. (2005), Nam and Pardo (2011), Steria (2011), The Climate Group et al. (2011), Think (2011), Toppeta (2010) and Washburn et al. (2010) Office and residential…...
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...It includes the use of ICTs to feed real-time information to fire and police departments Accenture (2011), Dirks et al. (2009), Nam and Pardo (2011) and Washburn et al. (2010) Soft domains Education and culture Capitalising system education policy, creating more opportunities for students and…...
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...…such as heat, solar, cooling, water, and wind power Accenture (2011), Correia and Wünstel (2011), Dirks et al. (2009), Hughes et al. (2013) and Nam and Pardo (2011), The Climate Group et al. (2011), Think (2011) and Toppeta (2010) Waste management Applying innovations in order to effectively…...
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...Managing entertainment, tourism, and hospitality Accenture (2011), Dirks et al. (2009), Mahizhnan (1999), Nam and Pardo (2011) and Washburn et al. (2010) Social inclusion and welfare Making tools available to reduce barriers in social learning and participation, improving the quality of life,…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities

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Bhagya Nathali Silva¹, Murad Khan², Kijun Han¹•Institutions (2)

Kyungpook National University¹, Sarhad University of Science & IT, Ring Road (Hayatabad Link) Peshawar²

01 Apr 2018-Sustainable Cities and Society

TL;DR: The paper presents a brief overview of smart cities, followed by the features and characteristics, generic architecture, composition, and real-world implementations ofSmart cities, and some challenges and opportunities identified through extensive literature survey on smart cities.

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925 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators

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Chris Miller

01 Apr 2001-Community Development Journal

TL;DR: The Creative City as discussed by the authors is a classic and has been republished many times, aiming to make readers feel: "I can do that too" and to spread confidence that creative and innovative solutions to urban problems are feasible however bad they may seem at first sight.

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Abstract: The Creative City is now a classic and has been republished many times. It is an ambitious book and a clarion call for imaginative action in running urban life. It seeks to inspire people to think, plan and act imaginatively in the city and to get an ideas factory going that turns urban innovations into reality. Its aim is to make readers feel: ‘I can do that too’ and to spread confidence that creative and innovative solutions to urban problems are feasible however bad they may seem at first sight.

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870 citations

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References

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Open Access

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Book•

The rise of the network society

[...]

Manuel Castells

01 Jan 1996

TL;DR: The Rise of the Network Society as discussed by the authors is an account of the economic and social dynamics of the new age of information, which is based on research in the USA, Asia, Latin America, and Europe, it aims to formulate a systematic theory of the information society which takes account of fundamental effects of information technology on the contemporary world.

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Abstract: From the Publisher: This ambitious book is an account of the economic and social dynamics of the new age of information. Based on research in the USA, Asia, Latin America, and Europe, it aims to formulate a systematic theory of the information society which takes account of the fundamental effects of information technology on the contemporary world. The global economy is now characterized by the almost instantaneous flow and exchange of information, capital and cultural communication. These flows order and condition both consumption and production. The networks themselves reflect and create distinctive cultures. Both they and the traffic they carry are largely outside national regulation. Our dependence on the new modes of informational flow gives enormous power to those in a position to control them to control us. The main political arena is now the media, and the media are not politically answerable. Manuel Castells describes the accelerating pace of innovation and application. He examines the processes of globalization that have marginalized and now threaten to make redundant whole countries and peoples excluded from informational networks. He investigates the culture, institutions and organizations of the network enterprise and the concomitant transformation of work and employment. He points out that in the advanced economies production is now concentrated on an educated section of the population aged between 25 and 40: many economies can do without a third or more of their people. He suggests that the effect of this accelerating trend may be less mass unemployment than the extreme flexibilization of work and individualization of labor, and, in consequence, a highly segmented socialstructure. The author concludes by examining the effects and implications of technological change on mass media culture ("the culture of real virtuality"), on urban life, global politics, and the nature of time and history. Written by one of the worlds leading social thinkers and researchers The Rise of the Network Society is the first of three linked investigations of contemporary global, economic, political and social change. It is a work of outstanding penetration, originality, and importance.

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15,639 citations

Book•

The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community, and Everyday Life

[...]

Richard Florida

01 Mar 2004

TL;DR: The Rise of the Creative Class as mentioned in this paper describes a society in which the creative ethos is increasingly dominant, with the result that our values and tastes, our personal relationships, our choices of where to live, and even our sense and use of time are changing.

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Abstract: The national bestseller that defines a new economic class and shows how it is key to the future of our cities. The Washington Monthly 2002 Annual Political Book Award WinnerThe Rise of the Creative Class gives us a provocative new way to think about why we live as we do today-and where we might be headed. Weaving storytelling with masses of new and updated research, Richard Florida traces the fundamental theme that runs through a host of seemingly unrelated changes in American society: the growing role of creativity in our economy. Just as William Whyte's 1956 classic The Organization Man showed how the organizational ethos of that age permeated every aspect of life, Florida describes a society in which the creative ethos is increasingly dominant. Millions of us are beginning to work and live much as creative types like artists and scientists always have-with the result that our values and tastes, our personal relationships, our choices of where to live, and even our sense and use of time are changing. Leading the shift are the nearly 38 million Americans in many diverse fields who create for a living-the Creative Class. The Rise of the Creative Class chronicles the ongoing sea of change in people's choices and attitudes, and shows not only what's happening but also how it stems from a fundamental economic change. The Creative Class now comprises more than thirty percent of the entire workforce. Their choices have already had a huge economic impact. In the future they will determine how the workplace is organized, what companies will prosper or go bankrupt, and even which cities will thrive or wither.

...read moreread less

7,252 citations

"Conceptualizing smart city with dim..." refers background in this paper

...[31] Florida, R. (2002)....
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...For urban development, Florida [31] suggested 3T (tolerance, technology, and talent), of which two are germane to people and their relationship....
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..., creative occupations and workforce, knowledge networks, voluntary organizations, crime-free environments, after-dark entertainment economy) is a crucial axis for city development [31]....
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...For urban development, Florida [31] suggested 3T (tolerance, technology, and talent), of which two are germane to people and their relationship....
[...]

Book•

The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture

[...]

Manuel Castells

01 Jan 1999

6,134 citations

Book•

Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture

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Manuel Castells

01 Sep 1996

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the evolution and extinction of the dinosaurs, the rise of the network society, the information age a practical game development with unity and blender, and summary of the literature univerzita karlova end of millennium, information age economy society and end of the 20th century.

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Abstract: the rise of the network society the information age a practical game development with unity and blenderprac summary of the literature univerzita karlova end of millennium the information age economy society and end of millennium the information age economy society and country in the mind wallace stegner bernard devoto history damodar n gujarati basic econometrics solution bibliography rand corporation varanasi rediscovered 1st edition hsandc local and global: management of cities in the information age short stories from the second world war ceyway western democracy in crisis: the rise of populism and post acls 2013 printable study guide opalfs irak el estado incierto introduccion de gustavo aristegui green hill far away askand wimpy is the new cool louduk the evolution and extinction of the dinosaurs pugcit nationles grands articles duniversalis french edition requirements analysis: from business views to architecture pdf of the book. experimental research laudit dental solutions houston spzone

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2,597 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Will the Real Smart City Please Stand Up?: Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?

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Robert Hollands

26 Nov 2008-City

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a preliminary critical polemic against some of the more rhetorical aspects of smart cities, with a view to problematizing a range of elements that supposedly characterize this new urban form, as well as question some underlying assumptions/contradictions hidden within the concept.

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Abstract: Debates about the future of urban development in many Western countries have been increasingly influenced by discussions of smart cities. Yet despite numerous examples of this ‘urban labelling’ phenomenon, we know surprisingly little about so‐called smart cities, particularly in terms of what the label ideologically reveals as well as hides. Due to its lack of definitional precision, not to mention an underlying self‐congratulatory tendency, the main thrust of this article is to provide a preliminary critical polemic against some of the more rhetorical aspects of smart cities. The primary focus is on the labelling process adopted by some designated smart cities, with a view to problematizing a range of elements that supposedly characterize this new urban form, as well as question some of the underlying assumptions/contradictions hidden within the concept. To aid this critique, the article explores to what extent labelled smart cities can be understood as a high‐tech variation of the ‘entrepreneurial city’...

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2,331 citations

"Conceptualizing smart city with dim..." refers background in this paper

...Hollands [41] recognized smart city as an “urban labeling” phenomenon, particularly in terms of what the label ideologically reveals as well as hides....
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...The category of human factors also includes social inclusion of various urban residents in public services, soft infrastructure (knowledge networks, voluntary organizations, crime-free environments), urban diversity and cultural mix, social/human/relational capital, and knowledge base such as educational institutions and R&D capacities [41,85]....
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...Towards more progressive smart cities, cities should start with people from the human capital side, rather than blindly believing that IT itself can automatically transform and improve cities [41]....
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...Technology is key to being a smart city because of the use of ICT to transform life and work within a city in significant and fundamental ways [41]....
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