Journal ArticleDOI
Consequences of widespread tree mortality triggered by drought and temperature stress
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In this article, the societal and ecological consequences of forest die-off are considered. But the authors do not consider the impact of forest mortality on terrestrial ecosystems, climate-ecosystem interactions, and carbon-cycle feedbacks.Abstract:
The multitude of forest die-off events within the last decade strongly suggests that forest mortality is an emerging global phenomenon, constituting a major uncertainty in projections of climate impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, climate-ecosystem interactions, and carbon-cycle feedbacks. This Review considers the societal and ecological consequences of dying forests.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die‐off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify ten contrasting perspectives that shape the vulnerability debate but have not been discussed collectively and present a set of global vulnerability drivers that are known with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2) warming produces hotter Droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand increases nonlinearly with temperature during drought; (4) mortality can occur faster in hotter Drought, consistent with fundamental physiology; (5) shorter Drought can become lethal under warming, increasing the frequency of lethal Drought; and (6) mortality happens rapidly
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientists' Warning to Humanity: Microorganisms and Climate Change
Ricardo Cavicchioli,William J. Ripple,Kenneth N. Timmis,Farooq Azam,Lars R. Bakken,Matthew Baylis,Michael J. Behrenfeld,Antje Boetius,Philip W. Boyd,Aimée T. Classen,Thomas W. Crowther,Roberto Danovaro,Christine M. Foreman,Jef Huisman,David A. Hutchins,Janet K. Jansson,David M. Karl,Britt Koskella,David B. Mark Welch,Jennifer B. H. Martiny,Mary Ann Moran,Victoria J. Orphan,David S. Reay,Justin V. Remais,Virginia I. Rich,Brajesh K. Singh,Lisa Y. Stein,Frank J. Stewart,Matthew B. Sullivan,Madeleine J. H. van Oppen,Madeleine J. H. van Oppen,Scott C. Weaver,Eric A. Webb,Nicole S. Webster,Nicole S. Webster +34 more
TL;DR: This Consensus Statement documents the central role and global importance of microorganisms in climate change biology and puts humanity on notice that the impact of climate change will depend heavily on responses of micro organisms, which are essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future.
Journal ArticleDOI
The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people
Brett R. Scheffers,Luc De Meester,Tom C. L. Bridge,Tom C. L. Bridge,Ary A. Hoffmann,John M. Pandolfi,Richard T. Corlett,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Paul Pearce-Kelly,Kit M. Kovacs,David Dudgeon,Michela Pacifici,Carlo Rondinini,Wendy Foden,Tara G. Martin,Camilo Mora,David Bickford,James E. M. Watson,James E. M. Watson +19 more
TL;DR: The full range and scale of climate change effects on global biodiversity that have been observed in natural systems are described, and a set of core ecological processes that underpin ecosystem functioning and support services to people are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
A multi-species synthesis of physiological mechanisms in drought-induced tree mortality
Henry D. Adams,Melanie J. B. Zeppel,Melanie J. B. Zeppel,William R. L. Anderegg,Henrik Hartmann,Simon M. Landhäusser,David T. Tissue,Travis E. Huxman,Patrick J. Hudson,Trenton E. Franz,Craig D. Allen,Leander D. L. Anderegg,Greg A. Barron-Gafford,David J. Beerling,David D. Breshears,Timothy J. Brodribb,Harald Bugmann,Richard Cobb,Adam D. Collins,L. Turin Dickman,Honglang Duan,Brent E. Ewers,Lucía Galiano,David A. Galvez,Núria Garcia-Forner,Monica L. Gaylord,Monica L. Gaylord,Matthew J. Germino,Arthur Gessler,Uwe G. Hacke,Rodrigo Hakamada,Andy Hector,Michael W. Jenkins,Jeffrey M. Kane,Thomas Kolb,Darin J. Law,James D. Lewis,Jean-Marc Limousin,David M. Love,Alison K. Macalady,Jordi Martínez-Vilalta,Maurizio Mencuccini,Patrick J. Mitchell,J. D. Muss,Michael O'Brien,Anthony P. O'Grady,Robert E. Pangle,Elizabeth A. Pinkard,Frida I. Piper,Jennifer A. Plaut,William T. Pockman,Joe Quirk,Keith Reinhardt,Francesco Ripullone,Michael G. Ryan,Michael G. Ryan,Anna Sala,Sanna Sevanto,John S. Sperry,Rodrigo Vargas,Michel Vennetier,Danielle A. Way,Danielle A. Way,Chonggang Xu,Enrico A. Yepez,Nate G. McDowell +65 more
TL;DR: It is shown that, across multiple tree species, loss of xylem conductivity above 60% is associated with mortality, while carbon starvation is not universal, indicating that evidence supporting carbon starvation was not universal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tree mortality from drought, insects, and their interactions in a changing climate
William R. L. Anderegg,Jeffrey A. Hicke,Rosie A. Fisher,Craig D. Allen,Juliann E. Aukema,Barbara J. Bentz,Sharon M. Hood,Jeremy W. Lichstein,Alison K. Macalady,Nate G. McDowell,Yude Pan,Kenneth F. Raffa,Anna Sala,John D. Shaw,Nathan L. Stephenson,Christina L. Tague,Melanie J. B. Zeppel +16 more
TL;DR: Using data sets from the western USA and associated studies, a framework is presented for determining the relative contribution of drought stress, insect attack, and their interactions, critical for modeling mortality in future climates.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests
Craig D. Allen,Alison K. Macalady,Haroun Chenchouni,Dominique Bachelet,Nate G. McDowell,Michel Vennetier,Thomas Kitzberger,Andreas Rigling,David D. Breshears,Edward H. Hogg,Patrick Gonzalez,Rod Fensham,Zhen Zhang,Jorge Castro,N.A. Demidova,Jong Hwan Lim,Gillian Allard,Steven W. Running,Akkin Semerci,Neil S. Cobb +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress and identify key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests
Yude Pan,Richard Birdsey,Jingyun Fang,Jingyun Fang,Richard A. Houghton,Pekka E. Kauppi,Werner A. Kurz,Oliver L. Phillips,Anatoly Shvidenko,Simon L. Lewis,Josep G. Canadell,Philippe Ciais,Robert B. Jackson,Stephen W. Pacala,A. David McGuire,Shilong Piao,Aapo Rautiainen,Stephen Sitch,Daniel J. Hayes +18 more
TL;DR: The total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks, with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity
Anthony L. Westerling,Anthony L. Westerling,Hugo G. Hidalgo,Daniel R. Cayan,Daniel R. Cayan,Thomas W. Swetnam +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests
TL;DR: Interdisciplinary science that integrates knowledge of the many interacting climate services of forests with the impacts of global change is necessary to identify and understand as yet unexplored feedbacks in the Earth system and the potential of forests to mitigate climate change.
Supporting Online Material for A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests
Yude Pan,Richard A. Birdsey,Jingyun Fang,Richard A. Houghton,Pekka E. Kauppi,Werner A. Kurz,Oliver L. Phillips,Anatoly Shvidenko,Simon L. Lewis,Philippe Ciais,Robert B. Jackson,Stephen W. Pacala,A. David McGuire,Shilong Piao,Aapo Rautiainen,Stephen Sitch,Daniel J. Hayes +16 more
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