Journal ArticleDOI
Conservation Status of Freshwater Gastropods of Canada and the United States
Paul D. Johnson,Arthur E. Bogan,Kenneth M. Brown,Noel M. Burkhead,James R. Cordeiro,Jeffrey T. Garner,Paul D. Hartfield,Dwayne A. W. Lepitzki,Gerry L. Mackie,Eva Pip,Thomas A. Tarpley,Jeremy S. Tiemann,Nathan V. Whelan,Ellen E. Strong +13 more
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TLDR
Comparison of modern to background extinction rates reveals that gastropods have the highest modern extinction rate yet observed, 9,539 times greater than background rates.Abstract:
This is the first American Fisheries Society conservation assessment of freshwater gastropods (snails) from Canada and the United States by the Gastropod Subcommittee (Endangered Species Committee). This review covers 703 species representing 16 families and 93 genera, of which 67 species are considered extinct, or possibly extinct, 278 are endangered, 102 are threatened, 73 are vulnerable, 157 are currently stable, and 26 species have uncertain taxonomic status. Of the entire fauna, 74% of gastropods are imperiled (vulnerable, threatened, endangered) or extinct, which exceeds imperilment levels in fishes (39%) and crayfishes (48%) but is similar to that of mussels (72%). Comparison of modern to background extinction rates reveals that gastropods have the highest modern extinction rate yet observed, 9,539 times greater than background rates. Gastropods are highly susceptible to habitat loss and degradation, particularly narrow endemics restricted to a single spring or short stream reaches. Compil...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection
Stuart L. Pimm,Clinton N. Jenkins,Robin Abell,Thomas M. Brooks,John L. Gittleman,Lucas Joppa,Peter H. Raven,Callum M. Roberts,Joseph O. Sexton +8 more
TL;DR: The biodiversity of eukaryote species and their extinction rates, distributions, and protection is reviewed, and what the future rates of species extinction will be, how well protected areas will slow extinction Rates, and how the remaining gaps in knowledge might be filled are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity on the brink: an assessment of conservation strategies for North American freshwater mussels
TL;DR: Identification of factors that eliminated mussels from many otherwise intact streams is critical and Translocation and captive propagation will be key elements in reestablishing mussel assemblages in restored habitats, but these techniques should be used with caution and primarily to increase the occurrence of a species throughout its historical range.
Journal ArticleDOI
The conservation status of the world’s freshwater molluscs
Monika Böhm,Nadia I. Dewhurst-Richman,Nadia I. Dewhurst-Richman,Mary Seddon,Sophie E.H. Ledger,Christian Albrecht,David Allen,Arthur E. Bogan,Jay Cordeiro,Jay Cordeiro,Kevin S. Cummings,Annabelle Cuttelod,Gustavo Darrigran,Will Darwall,Zoltán Fehér,Claudine Gibson,Daniel L. Graf,Frank Köhler,Manuel Lopes-Lima,Guido Pastorino,Kathryn E. Perez,Kevin M. Smith,Dirk Van Damme,Maxim V. Vinarski,Ted von Proschwitz,Ted von Proschwitz,Thomas von Rintelen,David C. Aldridge,Neelavar Anantharam Aravind,Prem Bahadur Budha,Cristhian Clavijo,Do Van Tu,Olivier Gargominy,Mohamed Ghamizi,Martin Haase,Craig Hilton-Taylor,Paul D. Johnson,Ümit Kebapçi,Jasna Lajtner,Charles N. Lange,Dwayne A. W. Lepitzki,Alberto Martínez-Ortí,Evelyn Moorkens,Eike Neubert,Eike Neubert,Caroline M. Pollock,Vincent Prié,Canella Radea,Rina Ramírez,M. Ramos,Sonia Barbosa dos Santos,Rajko Slapnik,Mikhail O. Son,Anna-Sofie Stensgaard,Ben Collen +54 more
TL;DR: The authors in this article assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project.
Book ChapterDOI
Sustaining Freshwater Biodiversity in the Anthropocene
Jaime Garcia-Moreno,Ian Harrison,David Dudgeon,V. Clausnitzer,William Darwall,Tracy A. Farrell,C. Savy,Klement Tockner,N. Tubbs +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the challenges of an increasing need for water from a growing and wealthier human population, and the uncertainty of how to adapt to definite but unpredictable climate change, significantly add to this stress.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing as discussed by the authors, between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?
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Journal Article
The future of biodiversity
TL;DR: Estimates of future extinctions are hampered by the authors' limited knowledge of which areas are rich in endemics, and regions rich in species found only within them (endemics) dominate the global patterns of extinction.
Journal ArticleDOI
The future of biodiversity.
TL;DR: For example, the authors showed that if all species currently deemed "threatened" become extinct in the next century, then future extinction rates will be 10 times higher than recent rates in well-known, but taxonomically diverse groups from widely different environments.