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Journal ArticleDOI

Contention avoidance in bufferless slotted optical packet switched networks with egress switch coordination

TL;DR: A new contention avoidance technique is proposed which utilizes the combination of traffic shaping at ingress switches and a time slot reservation technique using the coordination of egress switches to create a novel protocol called egress coordination OPS suitable for buffer-less slotted-OPS networks.
About: This article is published in Optical Switching and Networking.The article was published on 2015-11-01. It has received 10 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Network packet & Traffic shaping.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an all optical decoder switch has been proposed and designed, which has three input ports for bias signal and two for control signal and four output ports for output signal.
Abstract: In this paper an all optical decoder switch has been proposed and designed. The proposed structure has three input ports—one for bias signal and two for control signals—and four output ports. By using the control signals we choose the optical bias signal travels toward the desired output port. For realizing the mentioned structure, we created five resonant rings inside a square matrix of rod type photonic crystal. All the resonators were designed such that their resonant wavelength was at 1550 nm. By increasing the optical intensity inside the waveguides adjacent to the resonators we shifted the resonant wavelength from 1550 nm and achieved the desired switching function for any of the resonators. Comparing the results with the truth table of an 2-to-4 logic decoder confirms that the proposed structure has the ability to work as an optical decoder.

100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A contention resolution, Adaptive Polling Contention Resolution (APCR), is proposed and the results show that the proposed APCR can increase throughput by more than 15% and reduce the contention count by 43.72% at 0.4 loads.
Abstract: Edge Data Center (EDC) provides delay-sensitive services for end-users in edge computing. In Edge Data Center Network (EDCN), fast optical switching is the most promising technology due to low latency, high bandwidth, and transparency of rate/modulation format. However, packets contention of optical switching causes optical packets loss leading to low throughput and high latency. For buffer-less optical switches, it is challenging to solve packets contention because of lack of backup resources for contended packets. In this article, we propose a contention resolution, Adaptive Polling Contention Resolution (APCR), and assess the throughput, latency, and packet loss performance in DCN. An experimental demonstration based on flow control is implemented to test different contention resolution for the admissible load. The APCR algorithm can be adaptive to different load by buffer occupation status. APCR employs hybrid polling scheme to improve throughput and decrease average latency by global desynchronizing in high load. We assess the proposed algorithm performance in intra-cluster and inter-cluster EDCN. The results show that the proposed APCR can increase throughput by more than 15% and reduce the contention count by 43.72% at 0.4 loads.

11 citations


Cites background from "Contention avoidance in bufferless ..."

  • ...Some schemes have been proposed to reduce the complexity of optical switches with a simple structure for buffer-less optical switching [12]–[14]....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2019
TL;DR: An burst rate based dynamic IO Queue management scheme has been presented that improves the performance of burst switching networks.
Abstract: The problem on loss free burst transmission has been well studied in Burst Switching Networks (BSN). There are number of approaches discussed for the performance development, but suffers to achieve higher performance. To overcome the issue, an burst rate based dynamic IO Queue management scheme has been presented. The method monitors the incoming burst traffic from more number of nodes and according to the rate of burst coming, the input output queue systems has been modified for their size. The burst in the queue system has been routed through available routes whenever identified. The method is capable of triggering the IO queue systems up and down according to the burst traffic. The proposed method improves the performance of burst switching networks.

5 citations


Cites background from "Contention avoidance in bufferless ..."

  • ...In [19] [20], a contention avoidance approach and burst assembly process are presented which uses the traffic at switches and time slot reservation....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Contentionless transmission OPS (CLTOPS) as mentioned in this paper is an innovative contention avoidance technique which uses combination of special traffic shaping at ingress switches and special time slot reservation technique through the path of traffic flows in core network.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DWG clearly outperforms its earlier static counterpart (SWG) and appears as flexible approach, efficiently functional even when the share of the high-priority load is temporarily low, and minimizes the total blocking probability while preserving the desired service differentiation.
Abstract: This paper concerns Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in Optical Packet Switching (OPS) networks. We address the topic by proposing Dynamic Wavelength Grouping (DWG) for OPS, in this technique, available wavelengths are dynamically partitioned and allocated at each network link to particular classes of service. DWG adapts to traffic fluctuations by tracking the load status of every class of traffic and then schedules optical packets over group of wavelengths assigned for each class of service. Performance is examined using an own developed simulator. This simulator models various aspects of OPS in far detail. Two network topologies are studied under various parameter settings and traffic scenarios. DWG clearly outperforms its earlier static counterpart (SWG). It appears as flexible approach, efficiently functional even when the share of the high-priority load is temporarily low. Consequently, it minimizes the total blocking probability while preserving the desired service differentiation. We report also significant improvements in the network throughput.

4 citations


Cites background from "Contention avoidance in bufferless ..."

  • ...• packet aggregation schemes [20] such as Composite Packet Aggregation and Non-Composite Packet Aggregation (CPA and NCPA), and Optical Packetswitching Over wavelength ROuted Networks (OPORON) [21]; • wavelength reservation schemes: Additional Wavelengths (AWs) for the same traffic [22] and Wavelength Access Restriction (WAR) [23]; • supplementary resource reservation: Egress Coordination OPS (EGCOPS) [24], Contention Less Transmis-...

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  • ...The approaches to QoS in OPS proposed till now in literature can be grouped into the following schemes: • packet aggregation schemes [20] such as Composite Packet Aggregation and Non-Composite Packet Aggregation (CPA and NCPA), and Optical Packetswitching Over wavelength ROuted Networks (OPORON) [21]; • wavelength reservation schemes: Additional Wavelengths (AWs) for the same traffic [22] and Wavelength Access Restriction (WAR) [23]; • supplementary resource reservation: Egress Coordination OPS (EGCOPS) [24], Contention Less Transmission OPS (CLTOPS) [25] and Multi-Fiber (MF) Allocation [26]; • drop-based schemes: Intentional Packet Dropping (IPD) [28], and Preemptive Drop Policy (PDP) [28]; • routing-based schemes: Deflection Routing (DR) [29], Intelligent Deflection Routing (iDef) [30], Multi-Path Routing (MPR) [29] and Shortest Hop-Path (SHP) [31]; • access limitation: FDL-access limitation [32] and Distribution-based bandwidth Access (DA) [33]; • other schemes and solutions: Coded Packet Transport (CPT) Scheme [27], QoS Differentiation over MPLS [34], use of Wavelength Converters (WCs) [35]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article focuses on the concept of an optical packet router as an edge network device, functioning as an interface between the electronic and optical domains, that may provide greater flexibility and efficiency than an electronic terabit router with reduced cost.
Abstract: Telecommunication networks are experiencing a dramatic increase in demand for capacity, much of it related to the exponential takeup of the Internet and associated services. To support this demand economically, transport networks are evolving to provide a reconfigurable optical layer which, with optical cross-connects, will realize a high-bandwidth flexible core. As well as providing large capacity, this new layer will be required to support new services such as rapid provisioning of an end-to-end connection under customer control. The first phase of network evolution, therefore, will provide a circuit-switched optical layer characterized by high capacity and fast circuit provisioning. In the longer term, it is currently envisaged that the bandwidth efficiency associated with optical packet switching (a transport technology that matches the bursty nature of multimedia traffic) will be required to ensure economic use of network resources. This article considers possible network application scenarios for optical packet switching. In particular, it focuses on the concept of an optical packet router as an edge network device, functioning as an interface between the electronic and optical domains. In this application it can provide a scalable and efficient IP traffic aggregator that may provide greater flexibility and efficiency than an electronic terabit router with reduced cost. The discussion considers the main technical issues relating to the concept and its implementation.

447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive study of contention resolution schemes in a multi-wavelength optical packet-switched network, which include contention resolution in wavelength, time, and space dimensions.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive study of contention-resolution schemes in a multiwavelength optical packet-switched network. This investigation aims to provide a unified study of a network of optical routers, which include contention resolution in wavelength, time, and space dimensions. Specifically, we show: 1) how to accommodate all three dimensions of contention resolution in an integrated optical router; 2) how the performance of the three dimensions compare with one another; and 3) how various combinational schemes can be designed and how they perform. With the representative architectures and network topologies studied in this paper, the simulation experiment results capture the characteristics of different contention-resolution schemes, and they quantify the upper-bound average offered transmitter load for these schemes. The combinational contention resolution schemes are shown to effectively resolve packet contention and achieve good network performance under light to intermediate load.

325 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The major advances toward the goal of developing an extensive optical packet-switched layer employing fixed-length packets are summarized, but initial concepts on the support of variable-length IP-like optical packets are also introduced.
Abstract: Wavelength-division multiplexing is currently being deployed in telecommunications networks in order to satisfy the increased demand for capacity brought about by the explosion in Internet use. The most widely accepted network evolution prediction is via an extension of these initial predominantly point-to-point deployments, with limited system functionalities, into highly interconnected networks supporting circuit-switched paths. While current applications of WDM focus on relatively static usage of individual wavelength channels, optical switching technologies enable fast dynamic allocation of WDM channels. The challenge involves combining the advantages of these relatively coarse-grained WDM techniques with emerging optical switching capabilities to yield a high-throughput optical platform directly underpinning next-generation networks. One alternative longer-term strategy for network evolution employs optical packet switching, providing greater flexibility, functionality, and granularity. This article reviews progress on the definition of optical packet switching and routing networks capable of providing end-to-end optical paths and/or connectionless transport. To date the approaches proposed predominantly use fixed-duration optical packets with lower-bit-rate headers to facilitate processing at the network-node interfaces. Thus, the major advances toward the goal of developing an extensive optical packet-switched layer employing fixed-length packets are summarized, but initial concepts on the support of variable-length IP-like optical packets are also introduced. Particular strategies implementing the crucial optical buffering function at the switching nodes are described, motivated by the network functionalities required within the optical packet layer.

266 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contention resolution and avoidance schemes proposed for bufferless OPS networks are surveyed and the Quality of Service (QoS) issue in a QoS-capable bufferlessOPS network is reviewed.
Abstract: Optical Packet Switching (OPS) is the promising switching technique to utilize the huge bandwidth offered by all-optical networks using the DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology. However, optical packet contention is the major problem in an OPS network. Resolution and avoidance are two schemes to deal with the contention problem. A resolution scheme resolves collisions, while an avoidance scheme tries to reduce the number of potential collision events. Many OPS architectures rely on optical buffers to resolve contention. Unfortunately, optical buffering technology is still immature as it relies on bulky optical fiber delay lines. Furthermore, it requires a complex control. Therefore, a bufferless OPS network could still be the most straightforward implementation in the near future. In this article, we survey the contention resolution and avoidance schemes proposed for bufferless OPS networks. We also review the resolution and avoidance schemes that can handle the Quality of Service (QoS) issue in a QoS-capable bufferless OPS network.

95 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The LIGHTNESS DCN solution is presented, deeply elaborating on the envisioned DCN data plane technologies, as well as on the unified SDN-enabled control plane architectural solution that will empower OPS and OCS transmission technologies with superior flexibility, manageability, and customizability.
Abstract: Applications running inside data centers are enabled through the cooperation of thousands of servers arranged in racks and interconnected together through the data center network. Current DCN architectures based on electronic devices are neither scalable to face the massive growth of DCs, nor flexible enough to efficiently and cost-effectively support highly dynamic application traffic profiles. The FP7 European Project LIGHTNESS foresees extending the capabilities of today's electrical DCNs throPugh the introduction of optical packet switching and optical circuit switching paradigms, realizing together an advanced and highly scalable DCN architecture for ultra-high-bandwidth and low-latency server-to-server interconnection. This article reviews the current DC and high-performance computing (HPC) outlooks, followed by an analysis of the main requirements for future DCs and HPC platforms. As the key contribution of the article, the LIGHTNESS DCN solution is presented, deeply elaborating on the envisioned DCN data plane technologies, as well as on the unified SDN-enabled control plane architectural solution that will empower OPS and OCS transmission technologies with superior flexibility, manageability, and customizability.

90 citations