Context-aware systems
TL;DR: The goal of this paper is to review the works that were published in journals, suggest a new classification framework of context-aware systems, and explore each feature of classification framework using a keyword index and article title search.
Abstract: Nowadays, numerous journals and conferences have published articles related to context-aware systems, indicating many researchers' interest. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to review the works that were published in journals, suggest a new classification framework of context-aware systems, and explore each feature of classification framework. This paper is based on a literature review of context-aware systems from 2000 to 2007 using a keyword index and article title search. The classification framework is developed based on the architecture of context-aware systems, which consists of the following five layers: concept and research layer, network layer, middleware layer, application layer and user infrastructure layer. The articles are categorized based on the classification framework. This paper allows researchers to extract several lessons learned that are important for the implementation of context-aware systems.
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TL;DR: The results show that research framework for integrating the TAM for the adoption and TTF model for utility provides a more comprehensive understanding of the behaviors related to this context.
622 citations
TL;DR: This paper defines MCC, explains its major challenges, discusses heterogeneity in convergent computing and networking, and divides it into two dimensions, namely vertical and horizontal.
Abstract: The unabated flurry of research activities to augment various mobile devices by leveraging heterogeneous cloud resources has created a new research domain called Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). In the core of such a non-uniform environment, facilitating interoperability, portability, and integration among heterogeneous platforms is nontrivial. Building such facilitators in MCC requires investigations to understand heterogeneity and its challenges over the roots. Although there are many research studies in mobile computing and cloud computing, convergence of these two areas grants further academic efforts towards flourishing MCC. In this paper, we define MCC, explain its major challenges, discuss heterogeneity in convergent computing (i.e. mobile computing and cloud computing) and networking (wired and wireless networks), and divide it into two dimensions, namely vertical and horizontal. Heterogeneity roots are analyzed and taxonomized as hardware, platform, feature, API, and network. Multidimensional heterogeneity in MCC results in application and code fragmentation problems that impede development of cross-platform mobile applications which is mathematically described. The impacts of heterogeneity in MCC are investigated, related opportunities and challenges are identified, and predominant heterogeneity handling approaches like virtualization, middleware, and service oriented architecture (SOA) are discussed. We outline open issues that help in identifying new research directions in MCC.
589 citations
TL;DR: Smartphone research will require new skills in app development and data analysis and will raise tough new ethical issues, but smartphones could transform psychology even more profoundly than PCs and brain imaging did.
Abstract: By 2025, when most of today's psychology undergraduates will be in their mid-30s, more than 5 billion people on our planet will be using ultra-broadband, sensor-rich smartphones far beyond the abilities of today's iPhones, Androids, and Blackberries. Although smartphones were not designed for psychological research, they can collect vast amounts of ecologically valid data, easily and quickly, from large global samples. If participants download the right "psych apps," smartphones can record where they are, what they are doing, and what they can see and hear and can run interactive surveys, tests, and experiments through touch screens and wireless connections to nearby screens, headsets, biosensors, and other peripherals. This article reviews previous behavioral research using mobile electronic devices, outlines what smartphones can do now and will be able to do in the near future, explains how a smartphone study could work practically given current technology (e.g., in studying ovulatory cycle effects on women's sexuality), discusses some limitations and challenges of smartphone research, and compares smartphones to other research methods. Smartphone research will require new skills in app development and data analysis and will raise tough new ethical issues, but smartphones could transform psychology even more profoundly than PCs and brain imaging did.
551 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that although the biggest group of apps was medical information reference apps that were delivered from or related to medical articles, websites, or journals, mobile users disproportionally favored tracking tools and it was clear that m-health apps still had plenty of room to grow to take full advantage of unique mobile platform features and truly fulfill their potential.
280 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the active research initiatives in the area of handover decision making process in heterogeneous wireless networks is given and the challenges behind the seamless services provisioning during mobility are identified.
Abstract: Wireless networks are passing through a transition phase for the past few years now and this transition is giving a way towards the convergence of all IP-based networks to form the Next Generation Networks (NGNs). With the proliferation of these networks in daily life, users' needs are also increasing and service operators are offering different services to satisfy their customers for a better grade of service and an elevated quality of experience (QoE). However, a single operator cannot fulfill the huge demands of the users especially, if a user is nomadic. In nomadism, a user traverses number of available networks that might contain cellular or wireless data networks, usually known as heterogeneous wireless networks. These networks offer various services from email to live video streaming depending upon their capacity and nature. During this traversing procedure, a user switches among different networks to satisfy his/her needs in terms of quality of service. This process is commonly known as a vertical handover or handoff (VHO) due to the involvement of heterogeneous wireless networks in it. An extensive work has been carried out in this field in order to fulfill user demands for better QoS and QoE. In this paper, we give a detailed state-of-the-art of these existing vertical handover decision mechanisms that aim at providing ubiquitous connectivity to the mobile users. We have categorized these vertical handover measurement and decision schemes on the basis of their employed techniques and parameters. Also, we present a comprehensive summary of their advantages and drawbacks. This paper gives its readers an overview of the active research initiatives in the area of handover decision making process in heterogeneous wireless networks and identifies the challenges behind the seamless services provisioning during mobility.
231 citations
References
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TL;DR: This paper describes a mechanism for defining ontologies that are portable over representation systems, basing Ontolingua itself on an ontology of domain-independent, representational idioms.
12,962 citations
"Context-aware systems" refers background in this paper
...…(2007), Selker (2004), Smailagic and Siewiorek (2002) Usability Barnard, Yi, Jacko, and Sears (2005), Burrell and Gay (2002), Kaasinen (2003) Facilitating knowledge sharing and reuse in an open and dynamic distributed systems (Kwon, Choi, et al., 2005; Kwon, Yoo, et al., 2005; Gruber, 1993)....
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02 Jan 2001
TL;DR: An operational definition of context is provided and the different ways in which context can be used by context-aware applications are discussed, including the features and abstractions in the toolkit that make the task of building applications easier.
Abstract: Context is a poorly used source of information in our computing environments. As a result, we have an impoverished understanding of what context is and how it can be used. In this paper, we provide an operational definition of context and discuss the different ways in which context can be used by context-aware applications. We also present the Context Toolkit, an architecture that supports the building of these context-aware applications. We discuss the features and abstractions in the toolkit that make the task of building applications easier. Finally, we introduce a new abstraction, a situation which we believe will provide additional support to application designers.
5,083 citations
"Context-aware systems" refers background in this paper
...Emerging ubiquitous or pervasive computing technologies offer ‘anytime, anywhere, anyone’ computing by decoupling users from devices (Dey, 2001; Hill et al., 2004; Kwon, Choi, & Park, 2005; Kwon, Yoo, & Suh, 2005; Schilit, Adams, & Want, 1994)....
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...To provide adequate service for the users, applications and services should be aware of their contexts and automatically adapt to their changing contexts-known as context-awareness (Bolchini, Schreiber, & Tanca, 2007; Dey, 2001; Zhu, Mutka, & Ni, 2005)....
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...An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including location, time, activities, and the preferences of each entity (Dey, 2001)....
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08 Dec 1994
TL;DR: This paper describes systems that examine and react to an individual's changing context, and describes four catagories of context-aware applications: proximate selection, automatic contextual reconfiguration, contextual information and commands, and contex-triggered actions.
Abstract: This paper describes systems that examine and react to an individual's changing context. Such systems can promote and mediate people's interactions with devices, computers, and other people, and they can help navigate unfamiliar places. We believe that a limited amount of information covering a person's proximate environment is most important for this form of computing since the interesting part of the world around us is what we can see, hear, and touch. In this paper we define context-aware computing, and describe four catagories of context-aware applications: proximate selection, automatic contextual reconfiguration, contextual information and commands, and contex-triggered actions. Instances of these application types have been prototyped on the PARCTAB, a wireless, palm-sized computer.
3,802 citations
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2,639 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: This document contains a structured informal description of the full set of {owL} language constructs and is meant to serve as a reference for {OWL} users who want to construct {OWl} ontologies.
Abstract: The {W}eb {O}ntology {L}anguage {OWL} is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the {W}orld {W}ide {W}eb. {OWL} is developed as a vocabulary extension of {RDF} (the {R}esource {D}escription {F}ramework) and is derived from the {DAML}+{OIL} {W}eb {O}ntology {L}anguage. {T}his document contains a structured informal description of the full set of {OWL} language constructs and is meant to serve as a reference for {OWL} users who want to construct {OWL} ontologies.
2,508 citations