Contribution to the cytology of Hymenomycetes V. Karyological observations inTrametes lactinea Berk.
01 Apr 1961-Vol. 108, Iss: 2, pp 184-193
TL;DR: An investigation has been undertaken into the nuclear behaviour in the different stages of the life-cycle of Trametes lactinea BERK.
Abstract: With a view to s tudy the nuclear behaviour in the different stages of the life-cycle of Trametes lactinea BERK., a wood-rotting member of Polyporaceae, an investigation has been undertaken and the present paper forms a part of the series already started by BANEg~E and his co-workers (1955, 1956, 1960) in this laboratory. I t has already been pointed out in previous publications that karyological studies on members of Po]yporaceae so far are very limited as will be evident from the admirable survey of the works done in this direction in recent years by OLIVE (1953). Such studies among the Hymenomycetes have assumed a particular interest due to the presence of a number of phases in the life-cycles in this group of fungi. Further, these studies have increasingly become indispensible for understanding the true nature of sexuality present among them.
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01 Jan 1965
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors refer to den Thema "Morphologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Zelle" referiert, i.e.
Abstract: Im folgenden sind vielfach nicht Publikationen als solche, sondern nur ihre Abschnitte, die sich auf das Thema „Morphologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Zelle“ beziehen, referiert.
31 citations
TL;DR: The karyological phenomena in the life-cycle of Fomes lividus Kalchbr.
Abstract: SUMMARY1. The karyological phenomena in the life-cycle of Fomes lividus Kalchbr., a resupinate member of the family Polyporaceae has been studied in detail.2. The young basidium is distinctly binucleate. This dikaryotic condition comes to an end with their fusion to form a synkaryon. The synkaryon first undergoes an interphasic enlargement followed by the appearance of chromatic materials as reticulate structure. Subsequently, from the reticulum typical chromosomes (2 n = 6) are formed. A haploid chromosome set constituting a genome (n = 3) forms a daughter nucleus at each pole. The orientation of the spindle of the first division of meiosis (heterotypic) is more or less transverse while in the second division (homotypic) it shows irregularities. A third nuclear division occurs forming the eight nucleate condition of the basidium. Four of these eight nuclei migrate into four developing basidiospores while the other four degenerate in the collapsing basidium. The nucleus within the basidiospore often divid...
2 citations
TL;DR: The karyological cycle in the life-history of Flammula dilepis, brown-spored member of the family Agaricaceae, has been studied in detail and the orientation of the spindle in the first division of meiosis is always transverse, while it is irregular during the second division.
Abstract: SUMMARY1. The karyological cycle in the life-history of Flammula dilepis, brown-spored member of the family Agaricaceae, has been studied in detail.2. Young binucleate basidia are the dilated hyphal tips, each having a simple clamp-connexion at the base. This dicaryotic condition comes to an end with the fusion of these two nuclei of a basidium forming a synkaryon. This synkaryon then enlarges and ultimately undergoes reduction division (heterotypic). With the onset of prophase, chromosomes make their appearance and during metaphase 6 clear bivalents are evident (2 n = 12). Bivalents then separate and the two sets form two daughter nuclei, each with 6 chromosomes. The second division is homotypic and the four daughter nuclei thus formed also contain six chromosomes (n = 6) each. The orientation of the spindle in the first division of meiosis is always transverse, while it is irregular during the second division. The four daughter nuclei then migrate into the four developing basidiospores through the steri...
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TL;DR: It was found that in forms with a pronounced structural hybridity the pollen was bad and that these forms therefore could be propagated only asexually, and the amount of such chromosomal alterations and the grade of fertility are in Clematis, comparably to that in tulips, in a reversed relationship to each other.
Abstract: In the present study the chromosome number of 25 Clematis species, hybrids and horticultural forms is given. One of them was tetraploid, 2n=32, one hexaploid, 2n=48, and the rest diploids with 2n=16.The karyotypes of twenty-two of these Clematis forms were analysed more or less in detail, and it was found that the diploid chromosome complements were in every case very uniform. In all of them the following chromosome-types could be distinguished: five pairs of V-formed chromosomes viz. A, B, C, D, and E, the subterminally constricted F pair and the G and H pairs with an almost terminal constriction. The two lastnamed ones being generally provided with a satellite. In the tetraploid C. mandschurica and the hexaploid C. paniculata a corresponding number of different types was present.In five plants the satellite chromosomes were heteromorphic, and indication of amphiplasty was observed.Ten of the Clematis forms studied were inversion heterozygotes is respect to one or more inversions. In consequence hereof during the reduction divisions chromatid bridges, fragments and other irregularities, as for instance univalents and lagging chromosomes, appeared.A special attention was paid to the relation between the structural changes and the fertility of the plant. It could be stated, that in forms with a pronounced structural hybridity the pollen was bad and that these forms therefore could be propagated only asexually. The amount of such chromosomal alterations and the grade of fertility are in Clematis, comparably to that in tulips, in a reversed relationship to each other.
30 citations
TL;DR: The modus of caryokinesis in the sterigma is equational or vegetative, so that it is ascertained an a cytological basis that the conidiophore is actually an asexually reproducing organ.
Abstract: 1. Sterigma is always uninueleate.2. The modus of caryokinesis in the sterigma is equational or vegetative, so that it is ascertained an a cytological basis that the conidiophore is actually an asexually reproducing organ.3. The chromosomes and also the centrosome in the resting stage seem to be stored in a caryosome. At the beginning of mitosis, they escape from the latter, and take their respectively independent parts in the caryokinesis.4. The spindle is of intranuelear origin, a centrosome being easily discernible at each pole.5. Except this intranuclear origin of the spindle, the process of mitosis goes an regularly according to the well known scheme of somatic mitosis in higher organisms.6. As the result of mitosis, two daughter nuclei are formed, and the apical one migrates through the narrow neck into the swelling pre-pared at the apex of the sterigma. Successive nuclear divisions take place in the lower nucleus, and the conidiospores are formed, arranging themselves in chains in the brush-like conidiophore.7. The chromosomes are very small and round in shape, consider-able differences between them in size and form being scarcely observed. The haploid chromosome number (n) is found to be 2 in the following species examined:
22 citations